Chapter 11 – Passives

(be+ past participle)

Review - PassiveAgent – performer

The manRecipient – receiver of the action.

The ball 

A – The man hit the golf ball.P – The ball was hit (by the man).

Passive - can’t use intransitive verbs see Chart A-1

Only transitive verbs – verbs that can be followed by an object

Exercise 2, p. 2123. A4. A5. P6. P7. A8. P9. A10. A

Exercise 3, p. 2122. The door is being opened by Tom. (pres prog)

 3. The door has been opened by Tom. (pres. perfect)

 4. The door was opened by Tom. (past simple)

 5. The door was being opened by Tom. (past prog)

 

6. The door had been opened by Tom. (past perf) 7. The door will be opened by Tom. (future simple) 8. The door is going to be opened by Tom. (future simple) 9. The door will have been opened by Tom. (future perf) 10. Was the door opened by Tom? The door was opened by Tom. (past simple) 11.Will the door be opened by Tom? The door will be opened by Tom. (future simple) 12. Has the door been opened by Tom? The door has been opened by Tom. (pres perf)

Why use the Passive? Passive – without by phrase; Passive is used

when it is not known or important to know exactly who performs an action.

The pineapple was grown in Hawaii.Our house was built in 1980.The wine was imported from France.

Ex. 3 – (Passive) Verb Tense

2. is being opened (present progressive)3. has been opened (present perfect)4. was opened (simple past)5. was being opened (past progressive)6. had been opened (past perfect)7. will be opened (simple future)8. is going to be opened (simple future)9. will have been opened (future perfect)

Homework – Ex. 4, Part 1 only on paper!!!!! p. 213

2. Customers are served by waiters and waitresses.3. The lesson is going to be explained by the teacher. 4. The farmer’s wagon was being pulled by two horses.

5. Yoko will be invited to the party by Toshi.6. That report is being prepared by Alex.7. The book had been returned to the library by Kathy.8. Several buildings have been designed by Miriam.9. I won’t be fooled by his tricks.10. That note wasn’t written by me. Was it written by Jim?11. Is that course taught by Prof. Shapiro? 12. Those papers haven’t been signed by Mrs. Andrews yet.

Passive Active (Part 2)14. The TA is going to correct our assignments. (future)15. Did Thomas Edison invent the ....? (past simple)16. Most drivers don't obey the speed limit... (pres simple)17. Has the building manager informed you of the rent increase? (pres perf)

Exercise 53. no change4. The theory was developed by Dr. I.5. The small fishing village was destroyed by a hurricane.6. no change7. no change8. After class, the board is always erased by one the nice students.

9. no change10. no change11. no change12. The dispute is going to be settled by a special committee.13. Was the thief caught by the police?14. No change.  

Ex. 9, p. 2152. The package was delivered…3. Maria taught her son to read when he was three.4. When I was in elementary school, we were required to wear uniforms.5. As we watched, the airplane disappeared…6. I agreed with your decision yesterday. 7. Timmy dropped a plate after dinner last night. 8. The plate fell to the floor…9. What happened yesterday?10. Something very sad happened yesterday. 11. My cat was hit by a speeding truck. 12. She was killed instantly.13. She died instantly.

Ex. 11, p. 2161. were killed by tornadoes2. will be announced/is going to be

announced3. are consumed4. have been recalled5. will be delayed/ are going to be

delayed

Exercise 14, p 218 - Passive

 2. is surrounded (pres)3. is spelled (pres)4. is going to be/ will be built (future)5. was divided (past)6. is worn (pres)7. was caused (past)8. was ordered (past)9. was... killed (past)10. was reported (past)

11. was surprised (past)12. was offered (past)13.were frightened (past)14. was confused (past)15. is expected (pres)

Passive- Modals and Phrasal Modals

Passive Form: modal + be + past participle

Children should be taught to respect their elders. 

Past - Passive Form:

modal + have been + past participle

This house must have been built over 200 years ago. (95% sure – past)

Exercise 184. Meat must be kept ... (passive)5. You must keep meat in the ... (active)6. couldn't be opened (passive)7. couldn't open (active)8. may be offered (passive)9. may offer (active)10. may already have been offered (passive)11. may already have offered (active)12. ought to be divided (passive)13. ought to have been divided

(passive)14. have to be returned (passive)15. has to return... will have to pay (active)16. had better be finished (passive)17. had better finish (active)18. is supposed to be sent (passive)19. should have been sent (passive)20. must have been surprised (passive)

Ex. 19, p. 2221. Many lives will be saved with the new medical

procedure. The procedure will save many lives.2. Shoppers can look for product information… Product

information can be found…3. People should check smoke alarm batteries… Smoke

alarm batteries should be checked…4. The typhoon may have killed hundreds of villagers…

Hundreds of villagers may have been killed. Hundreds of villagers may have died.

5. Medical supplies had better be delivered soon. Villagers had better receive medical supplies.

Ex. 21, p. 2232. must be married.3. must/have to be written4. must have been left5. should/ must be encouraged6. cannot be explained7. may/might/could/will be misunderstood8. must have been embarrassed 9. should have been built10. must/should be saved

Non-Progressive Passive

1. No action is taking place; action happened earlier2. There is no by-phrase3. The past participle functions as an adjective

The door is locked. The window is broken.

4. Prepositions other than –by can follow non-progressive passive verbs:

I am interested in English grammar. Ann is married to Alex.

5. Idiomatic Usage of the Passive Form (everyday English) no active sentence equivalent

I am done with my work. I am finished with my work. It is gone. I am lost.

Ex. 26, p. 227 2. is shut3. are turned4.is not crowded5. is finished6. is closed7. was closed8. is set/ are done/

are lit

9. is gone 10. is torn

Common Non-Progressive Passive Verbs +

Prepositions

Prepositions other than –by can follow non-progressive passive verbs:

I am interested in English grammar.Ann is married to Alex.

Ex. 292.for3. in4. with5. of6. to7. in/with8. about

Ex. 30 1. of2. with3. to 4. in 5. for 6. to

7.about8. with

p. 230 Ex. 311. to 2. with 3. with 4. to 5. of6. to 7. with

8. to / of/by9.with/ in /to

Ex. 342. The department store was filled with.. 3. Bert’s bald head is protected from…4. Your leg bone is connected to…5. A person who is addicted to…6. You’re still dressed in…7. The school children were exposed to…8. …they were gone from…9. ….she was qualified for…10.My office is located in …

The Passive with Get1. Get + adjective –followed by certain adjectives;

gives the idea of change. get hungry get sleepy get cold, get mad, etc.

2. Get + past participle - followed by a past participle. Past part functions as an adjective. The passive with get is common in spoken English, but not in formal writing.

get dressed get sunburned

Her feet got sunburned!

EX. 36

2. tired (adj)3. dark, late (adj)4. finished, packed (past part.)5. nervous, worried, anxious (adj)6. bored (adj)7. married (past part.) 

Participial Adjectives 1. Present participle – serves as an adjective with an active meaning.

It is a confusing problem. (the problem confuses the students)

2. Past participle – serves as an adjective with a passive meaning.

They are confused students. (by the problem)

Ex. 372. got wet3. …I get nervous4. is getting dark…5. is getting better…6. Get well7. get accustomed…STOP!

Ex. 41 3. It is an exciting game. 4. They are excited people. (excited by the game) passive meaning5. It was suprising news.6. He was a suprised man. (suprised by the news) passive meaning7.  The frightened child... (frightened by noise) passive8. ... a frightening sound. 9.  ... exhausting work.10. ...exhausted men (exhausted by the work) passive

Ex. 45 - Present OR Past Participle1. locked2. embarrassing3. injured4. challenging5.expected6. printing7. experienced 8. growing... balanced9. spoiled10. sleeping

11. thrilling12. abandoned13. polluted14. furnished15. divided16. elected17. amazing 

Source vs. Receiver

an amusing ride an amused child.

Homework1. Mummies have been recently discovered…

2. They were buried…

3. My car is being repaired…

4. The meeting will be held…

5. All of these oil paintings were done…

6. Some of the best gold jewelry was made…

7. The remains of a Viking ship were discovered…

8. One of the largest diamonds in the world has been found…

9. Sheep have been raised…

10.Students are taught….

11.The best textbooks are written…

12.English will be spoken…