Chapter 11Part 5

Temporal BoneParanasal Sinuses

Petrous Pyramids

• Dense portion on temporal bone

• Houses – ___________– ___________

The Ear

• 3 Portions

– External

– Middle

– Inner

External Ear

• ____________

• Tragus

• __________

Middle Ear

• 3 parts– ________________

– Tympanic __________

– _____________

Tympanic Cavity• Contains ________________• Epitympanic recess (Attic)

– _______________• Tympanic cavity proper

– Larger– Inferior aspect– _________________

• Passage from middle ear to _______________• Equalizes pressure

Ossicle Articulations• _____________

– Attached to tympanic membrane– Receives vibrations and relates to

• ______________– Transmits vibrations from Malleus and passes

on to• ____________

– Smallest– Transmits vibrations to oval window

Internal Ear

• Area of hearing and equilibrium

• Contains 2 parts– __________________– __________________

• Area within the osseous labyrinth

Osseous Labyrinth

• 3 parts– _____________

• For hearing• Round window

– _____________• Oval window

– ____________________• For equilibrium

Internal Acoustic Meatus

• Area of auditory and facial nerves

• _______________best to visualize

Mastoids

• Inferior portion of ___________• Mastoid air cells

– Connects to middle ear from ________ by way of the __________

• Due to this direct connection infection can reach ________________

Sinuses

• ________________– Lined with mucus membranes

• Surrounding the nasal cavity

• All _______________ with each other by way of nasal cavity

Osteomeatal Complex

• Area where __________is collected• Made of

– __________- Nasal Conchae (Turbinates)– __________ – Spaces between conchae

• From the osteomeatal complex to the nasal cavities

Sinuses Con’t

• Maxillary (2)

• Frontal (usually 2)

• Ethmoid (Many)

• Sphenoid (1 or 2)

Maxillary Sinus“Antrum of Highmore”

• ________________

• Located in the body of maxillary bones– Lateral to Nasal cavity

• Communicates to osteomeatal complex by way of _______________into middle nasal ____________ (Separated by uncinate process of ethmoid)

Frontal Sinus

• Located between ______________table of skull in frontal bone– Posterior to glabella

• Can have 2 (most common) or 1 large sinus– _______________

• Communicate to osteomeatal complex by Ethmoid sinus through ______________

Ethmoid Sinus• Located within the ethmoid bone

_______________

• Many _____________– Anterior, middle, posterior collections

• Communicates with the osteomeatal complex directly by way of anterior collections and drains into ____________

Sphenoid Sinus

• Located in the body of the sphenoid bone– Inferior to __________

• Can have ____________

• Communicates to the osteomeatal complex by way of the _______________

Imaging the sinusesRoutine

________________________• Waters (Parietoacanthial)• PA Caldwell• Right or Left Lateral• SMV• 40” SID• 70-80 kVp

Waters• Tip of chin on IR Nose ½ to 1” off• ________________ perpendicular

– OML forms 37°• Mid sagittal line perpendicular • CR to exit ___________________

• Open mouth can show– _________________

PA Caldwell• PA Projection, Upright

• __________________– ______________and OML Perpendicular

• Mid sagittal plane perpendicular

• CR to exit ______________

Lateral• Right or left site dependant of area of interest or

department protocol. Upright• Place pt into anterior oblique• _____________perpendicular to IR• _______________to front of cassette• CR to enter between ____________________

SMV

• Upright

• Tilt head back so ______________to IR

• Mid sagittal perpendicular

• CR to enter between _______________

CT Invasion

• Thin ________________

• Better visualization of ___________ complex