Chapter 11: Geologic Structures Visit the Online Learning Centre at Chapter 11: Geologic

Chapter 11: Geologic Structures

Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer


What do Folded Rocks Tell UsWhat do Folded Rocks Tell Us

How Do Rocks Deform?How Do Rocks Deform?

What are Fractures and Faults?What are Fractures and Faults?About Geologic Processes?About Geologic Processes?

What Causes Rocks to Bend and Break?What Causes Rocks to Bend and Break?

How Do We Measure and Record Geologic Structures?How Do We Measure and Record Geologic Structures?



The Effects of Compressional and Tensional Stress on Silly Putty

Figure 11.2



Shear Stress can be Modelled byShearing a Deck of Cards

Figure 11.3



Behaviour of Rocks with Increasing Stress and Strain

Figure 11.4



Strike, Angle of Dip, andDirection of Dip

Figure 11.7



Geologic Map and Cross-Section of an Area with Three Sedimentary Formations

Figure 11.9



Two Anticlines and a Syncline Illustrating the Axial Planes, Hinge Lines, and Fold Limbs

Figure 11.11



Folded Rock (Block Diagram)

Figure 11.12



Plunging Folds: Anticline on Left and Right, Syncline in Centre

Figure 11.13



(A) Structural Dome(B) Structural Basin

Figure 11.15



(A) Strata Before Folding; (B) Open Folds; (C) Isoclinal Folds; (D) Overturned

Anticline; (E) Recumbent Folds

Figure 11.17



Joint Sets

Figure 11.19



Fault in Quaternary Sediments of the Rouge Valley, Ontario

Figure 11.20

Photo by N. Eyles



(A) Dip-Slip Movement(B) Strike-Slip Movement

(C) Oblique-Slip Movement

Figure 11.21



Relationship Between Hanging Wall Block and Footwall Block of a Fault

Figure 11.22



(A) A Reverse Fault; (B) Area After Erosion; (C) Thrust Fault Due to

Horizontal Compression

Figure 11.25



Mt. Yamnuska: Older, Resistant Paleozoic Limestones Thrust from SW to NE, Over Cretacous Sandstones & Shales

Figure 11.27

Photo by N. Eyles



Right-Lateral Strike-Slip Fault

Figure 11.28



Salt Domes may Form as Bed of Rock Salt Loaded Unevenly by a Thick Wedge

of Sediment

Box 11.1 – Figure 1



A Salt Dome




Oil and Gas are Concentrated or Trapped in Hinge of Anticline. Gas and Oil Float

on Water in Porous Rock




Structures Other than Anticlines that Trap Oil




Californian faults: Red Active over Last 200 yrs; Blue

Active over Last 2 Million yrs




(A) California & Mexico Before Faulting(B) Opening of Gulf of California & San

Andreas Fault




Answers to SelectedTesting Your Knowledge

Questions

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.A

A

C

C

C

E

B

B

B

B



Additional Resources

Student ResourcesStudent ResourcesStudent Online Learning CentreThe robust Student Edition of the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer features quizzes for study and review, interactive exercises and animation, as well as additional boxed readings, searchable glossary, “Virtual Vista” environments, suggestions for further reading, and much more!

Laboratory ManualThe Lab Manual to accompany Physical Geology and the Environment has been created as a resource for laboratory sessions in physical geology, mirroring the "Inquiry-Based Approach" of the text. Structured on exercises and corresponding background concepts, the lab manual contains student-friendly worksheets, and has been perforated for easy lab use.

Instructor ResourcesInstructor ResourcesInstructor Online Learning CentreThe OLC at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer includes a password-protected Web site for Instructors. The site offers downloadable supplements and access to PageOut, the McGraw-Hill Ryerson Web site development centre.

Instructor’s Manual – The IM contains a chapter overview, list of changes per chapter, chapter learning objectives, further information on boxed features, short and long discussion/essay questions, and details on additional readings and resources outside the textbook.

Test Bank – Contains a bank of 40-60 multiple-choice and true/false questions per chapter.

Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation – This presentation system offers visual presentations that may be edited and manipulated to fit a particular course format. They also contain selected solutions to the problem material.

TransparenciesA set of more than 200 transparencies tied to the text content are available for instructors.

Documents

Chapter 11: Geologic Structures Visit the Online Learning Centre at Chapter 11: Geologic