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7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1863 Notes (2010 Version)
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The Emancipation Proclamation
President Lincoln issued thisdecree on September 22, 1862shortly after the Battle of Antietam
Effective date was January 1, 1863Freed all slaves in those parts of
the nation still in rebellion
Considered a propaganda move toget support for the war fromabolitionists
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Battle of Murfreesboro-Dec. 31, 1862- Jan. 2, 1863
Confederate General Braxton Bragg vs.Union General William Rosecrans
Intense fighting lasted several days
before Bragg withdrew from thebattlefieldRosecrans declares victoryUnion morale is lifted
Importance- allows for an easier baseof attack on the deep South (Georgia)
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The Battle of Vicksburg-May-July, 1863
From mid-October, 1862, Grant hadunsuccessfully attempted to take thelast Confederate stronghold along the
Mississippi River- Vicksburg,Mississippi
Naval support came from Rear AdmiralDavid Porter, whose fleet had to sailpast heavy artillery fire to be able toferry Grants troops across the river
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The Battle of Vicksburg-May-July, 1863
Grant laid siege to the city withartillery for weeks until Confederatetroops began to die from starvation
and sickness Confederate Lt. General John
Pemberton surrendered on July 3,1863
Significance- Mississippi River wasnow completely in the hands of theUnion
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Fightin Joe Hooker Takes Charge
Union General JosephHooker replaced GeneralA.E. Burnside after thehumiliating Union loss atFredericksburg
Hooker had great skill inreconstructing units andrestoring morale among the
Union troops
Union strength underHooker reached 134,000
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The Battle of Chancellorsville-May, 1863 Union Generals Joseph Hooker and John
Sedgwick agreed to a flanking maneuver on
Lees army at Chancellorsville
Lee and Jackson counter-flanked and leftthemselves vulnerable to surrender
No reserve troops were left as all were thrown intothe battle on two separate battle lines
The Confederates were able to push back theUnion attack and soundly defeat GeneralHooker
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The Battle of Chancellorsville-May, 1863
Jackson is mistakenly shot and killed byone of his own sentries during theaftermath of the battle
Lee loses his right-hand man Brilliant success for Lee, but very costly 17,278 casualties including his greatest
military tactician and leader- Stonewall
Jackson
Lee had no choice but to attack into theNorth once again
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The Battle of Gettysburg-July 1-3, 1863
Lee decides to push into the North in orderto make a run at Washington, D.C.
Lee encounters Union General GeorgeMeade at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Lees army could not outflank the Unionforces stretched out along the southern sideof the town (no Jackson to oversee thistactic) as the Union forces occupied the high
ground there JEB Stuart was nowhere to be found
(foraging for supplies nearby) and by thetime he showed up Lee was out of options
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Picketts Charge
Lee ordered General George Pickett to takehis troops directly up the middle of the battlelines in an all-out advance up the hill
Picketts Charge lasted two hours asConfederate troops tried to advance up thehill against 80 cannon and thousands ofmuskets
Picketts troops were cut to pieces and lost5,600 troops
Decisive moment of the 3-day battle as theSouth retreated from the battlefield
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The Battle of Gettysburg-July 1-3, 1863
Combined casualties numberedapproximately 50,000
Significance-
Considered the turning point of theAmerican Civil War in favor of theUnion
The South would see no significantvictories from this point forward
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The New York Draft Riots-July, 1863
Lincoln issued the Enrollment Act ofConscription on March 3, 1863Established a draft
Democrats openly opposed the idea todraft soldiers in an already long, drawnout 2-year war
Commutation Fee could be afforded
by the wealthier citizensPermitted them to buy their way out of the
war
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The New York Draft Riots-July, 1863
The recently-immigrated Irish were themost violently opposed to the draft Felt like their lot in life was similar to the
slaves in the South
Three days of terror resulted in lootedstores, burned buildings, and lynchedblack citizens
Lincoln called in the army to quell theriot Only 150,000 troops were raised
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The Battle of Chickamauga-September, 1863
Round Two for Braxton Braggand William Rosecrans
Braxton Bragg went on theoffensive to stop Unionadvancement into the DeepSouth
Rosecrans retreated toChattanooga, Tennessee
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The Battle of Chattanooga-September-November, 1863
Braxton Bragg chased down and cutoff Rosecranss supplies while theUnion Army retreated to Chattanooga
The Confederates laid siege to Union-held Chattanooga General Rosecrans was relieved of his
command by President Lincoln and
Ulysses Grant was placed in charge ofRosecranss troops at Chattanooga
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The Battle of Chattanooga-September-November, 1863
Grant succeeded in defeatingBragg and opened up the heart of
the Deep South to Union assaultsThe Battle of Chattanooga saw
Braxton Bragg relieved of his
command and the beginning of theend for the Confederate Army