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Chapter 10 The World System and Colonialism Slide 2 The World System Truly isolated societies do not exist today Modern world system a world in which nations are economically and politically interdependent Slide 3 World System Theory World-system theory argues that an identifiable social system, based on wealth and power differentials, extends beyond individual states and nations Core Periphery Semiperiphery Slide 4 Emergence of the world system European exploration in the 15th century 16th and 17th centuries development of colonial plantation economies based on single cash crops Emergence of colonial plantation economies fueled the transatlantic slave trade Slide 5 Industrial Revolution Historical transformation European industrialization replaced the domestic system of manufacture Slide 6 Socioeconomic effects of industrialization Prosperity was uneven Factory owners began recruiting labor in places where living standards were low and labor (including women and children) was cheap Social ills accompanying industrialization: Pollution Crowded and unsanitary housing Insufficient water and sewage disposal Disease Rising death rates Slide 7 Industrial stratification Marx viewed socioeconomic stratification as a sharp, simple division between two opposed classes: Bourgeoisie Proletariat 19th century trade unions and socialist parties emerged Slide 8 Industrial stratification - Weber Defined three dimensions of social stratification Wealth (economic status) Power (political status) Prestige (social status) Slide 9 Colonialism Imperialism a policy of extending rule of a nation or empire over foreign nations and of taking and holding foreign colonies Colonialism political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended period of time British Colonialism French Colonialism Slide 10 Colonialism and identity Whole countries, along with social groups and divisions within them, were colonial inventions Hundreds of ethnic groups and tribes are colonial constructions Slide 11 Postcolonial studies Three kinds of postcolonies: Settler countries large numbers of European colonists and sparser native populations (e.g., Australia, Canada) Nonsettler countries large native populations and relatively few Europeans (e.g., India) Mixed countries sizable native and European populations (e.g., South Africa) Slide 12 Development Economic development plans also have intervention philosophies Slide 13 The Second World First World the democratic West Second World Warsaw Pact nations, including the former Soviet Union and the socialist and once-socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia Third World less developed or developing countries Slide 14 Communism Communism a social system in which property is owned by the community and in which people work for the common good Communist systems are different from other authoritarian regimes and socialist (social democratic) societies: Slide 15 The world system today 20th century mass production gave rise to a culture of consumption, which in turn has led to the rapid depletion of fossil fuel energy Americans are the worlds foremost consumers of nonrenewable resources Slide 16 Industrial degradation Industrialization in Latin America, Africa, the Pacific, and Asia has led to the destruction of indigenous economies, ecologies, and populations Genocide