Upload
sheryl-booth
View
222
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chapter 10: The Baroque
The Baroque in Italy
• Baroque style is defined as the love of extravagant & monumental beauty.
NOËL HALLÉ’s Joseph Accused by Potiphar's Wife
The Baroque in Italy
• Gianlorenzo Bernini– His sculpting style infused
Renaissance technique with the dynamism and emotional force of the baroque style.
The Baroque in Italy
• Gianlorenzo Bernini– His work became the
defining high mark of the counter-Reformation (the Catholic Church reexamined the corruption proposed by Luther and cleaned up the Church.).
Bernini’s David
Italian Music
• Opera– This style was born in the baroque age and is
drama set to music.
Italian Music
• Opera– Claudio Monteverdi• He produced the first
operatic masterpiece, Orfeo.
Italian Music
• Opera– Types• Opera seria: mythological themes favored by the
aristocrats.• Opera buffa: comic opera favored by the urban middle
class.
Italian Music
• Concerto– This baroque style was
mastered by Antonio Vivaldi.
– This format saw a small group of instruments perform with a large orchestra.
Baroque in Spain
• Miguel de Cervantes– He writes the most
popular literary work in the world, Don Quixote.
– The story is about an addled man believing he is a chivalric knight and his adventures.
Baroque in France
• King Louis XIV– He was known as the
Sun King and recognized as the most absolutist ruler of Europe.
Baroque in France
• King Louis XIV– He also support the academies, state sponsored
agencies that oversaw the training of artists and performers.
Baroque in France
• King Louis XIV– The Palace of Versailles• The greatest example of baroque architecture.
Baroque in France
• King Louis XIV– The Palace of Versailles• The Hall of Mirrors is one of the highlights of the
baroque style.
Baroque in France
• Theater & Dance– Jean Baptiste Lully was
the innovator of French opera and French ballet.
Baroque in France
• Theater & Dance– Charles-Louis Beauchamp• He formalized foot and leg
positions that are still used today.• He also allowed woman to
perform.• He created the first publication
of a manual of choreography.
The Protestant Baroque
• Johann Sebastian Bach– He developed the
counterpoint, a combination of two or more melodies of equal importance.
The Protestant Baroque
• Johann Sebastian Bach– He developed the cantata, a choral work that
became a sacred opera for the Lutherans.
The Protestant Baroque
• Johann Sebastian Bach– He developed a technique called modulation in
which a melody could be altered from one key to another without altering the tune.
– This worked for all 24 major and minor keys.
The Protestant Baroque
• Johannes Vermeer was the Dutch painter who was the master of light and color.
The Protestant Baroque
• Rembrandt van Rijn– He was regarded as
the Dutch master of painting.
The Protestant Baroque
• Rembrandt van Rijn– He also excelled in etchings in which lines were
scratched on wax-covered metal plates and then exposed to acid.
Jupiter & Antiope
New Science
• The Scientific Revolution– Through empirical observation of nature allowed
the arrival at scientific truth.– The verification of proposed truths through
experimentation and mathematical calculation.
New Science
• Heliocentric Theory– The idea of the sun being of the center of the
solar system replaced the geocentric theory among scientists.
New Science
• Heliocentric Theory– Nicholas Copernicus• In 1543, he
repopularized the lost idea of the heliocentric theory.
New Science
• Heliocentric Theory– Johannes Kepler• This German scientist
proved mathematically that the planets actually moved elliptically.
New Science
• Heliocentric Theory– Galileo Galilei• He proved the
heliocentric theory was correct.– The moon’s of Jupiter.– Venus’s size change.– He was placed under
house arrest by the Catholic Church for 18 years until he recanted.
New Science
• Rene Descartes– He challenged
modern concepts of thinking through his philosophical work.
– He coined “Cognito ergo sum,” (“I think therefore I am.”).
New Science
• Isaac Newton– He developed the
universal theory of gravity and motion.
English Unrest & Change
• English Civil War– Initially caused by the
absolutist kings, James I and Charles I, trying to rest power from Parliament.
– Parliament, led by General Oliver Cromwell, overthrew and executed the king.
Oliver Cromwell
English Unrest & Change
• John Milton– He composes the
epic poem Paradise Lost, about the fall of Adam and Eve.
English Unrest & Change
• Christopher Wren– The Great Fire of 1666 allowed this architect to
place his personal stamp on London.
English Unrest & Change
• Christopher Wren– He most prized work was St. Paul’s Cathedral.– It blended a synthesis of Gothic, Baroque, and
Renaissance styles.
English Unrest & Change
• George Frederic Handel– He saved his career with
the use of the oratorio, a narrative choral work containing the musical elements of opera, but without action, scenery, or costumes.
– His Hallelujah became the pinnacle of his work.
English Unrest & Change
• The Glorious Revolution– Cromwell’s death lead to
the reappointment (a.k.a. English Restoration) of King Charles II and King James II, both of which had been raised as Catholics in France.
King James II
English Unrest & Change
• The Glorious Revolution– With James fathering a
son, Parliament worried that he would try and return England to Catholicism.
James Francis Edward Stuart
English Unrest & Change
• The Glorious Revolution– Parliament forced him to
abdicate and offered the throne to his daughter, Duchess Mary of Orange, who had married the protestant Duke William of Orange.
English Unrest & Change
• The Glorious Revolution– This created the first limited constitutional
monarchy, where the legislative branch was more powerful than the monarchy.
English Unrest & Change
• Philosopher’s of the Revolution– John Locke• He promoted the concept of
natural rights which were life, liberty, and property.• He also proposed the initial
idea of the social contract, where society obeys the law so long as government protects them.
English Unrest & Change
• Philosopher’s of the Revolution– Thomas Hobbes• He grew up in the chaos of
the civil war.• He championed the idea of
Cromwell’s use of authoritarian power in his book Leviathan.
English Unrest & Change
• Philosopher’s of the Revolution– Political Ideologies
• Locke became associated with the concept of liberalism, the protection of individual rights and freedom.
• Hobbes became associated with the concept of conservativism, fear of change and the use of repressive power when necessary.