Chapter 10-Noun Compounds

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Dr. H. Zulkarnain: English for Students in Agriculture (PNU 122: A !esource "ook

CHAPTER 10

NOUN COMPOUNDS

Specific instructional aims

Students understand and able to construct noun compounds by combining

simple words, and employ the noun compounds in sentences.

Sub topics

noun + noun combination

adjective + noun combination

verb + noun combination

Noun compound (also called noun adjunct) are group of words, usually

two but sometimes more, joined together into one vocabulary that function as a

single part of speech. A noun compound may consists of noun+noun,

adjective+noun or verb+noun.

Noun compouns consist of noun!noun

. Palm oil plantationsare found along the road from !ambi to "alembang.

#. "e#etable oilis one of $ndonesia%s e&port commodities to Australia.

'. ne of the ways to increase rice production has been the creation of new

rice $arieties through a series of research.

. *he bab% cornsand lettuce can be grown in a multiple cropping system.

. arious farm proucts from -erinci such as fruits and vegetables are

e&ported to Asean countries.

Noun compouns consist of a&ecti$e!noun

. loriculture is a branch of horticultural science studying the cultivation of

ornamental plants.

#. *he /ogor 'otanical (aren is the largest garden in South 0ast Asia, in

terms of its flora and fauna.

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'. *he ol farmeris still strong enough to wor2 everyday in his farm.

. *o stimulate root growth on a )ar *oocutting, you must apply an au&in at

333 ppm.

. *he 4uality of a flower is determined by its floral featuressuch as diameter,

peduncle length, colour and fragrance.

Noun compouns consist of $erb!noun

. *he tra$el a#ent plays an important role in promoting agro5tourism in

$ndonesia.

#. *he control mechanism of temperature, light intensity and photoperiod in a

growth chamber are by a control paneloutside the chamber.'. $n plant tissue culture system, the inoculation of the e&plant is carried out in a

transfer cabinet to avoid microbial contamination.

. Any plants and animals brought from overseas should be chec2ed by a

+uarantine officerfor their healthy and safety to human being.

. 6on%t forget to complete the c)ec, listbefore submitting your application

form.

Stuents- acti$it%

Assi#nment 1

7a2e your own sentences employing the following noun compounds. 8ou

may add other noun compound(s) in the same sentence to support your idea.

ood crops 9arvest time

:rowing season ;ain forest

:erm plasm 9ybrid crop

Artificial drying :rowth habit

"est control 7odern technology

9and tractor *uber crops

9ot pepper ;ice field

Agricultural development ;ural area

rnamental plants *echnical irrigation system

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Assi#nment .

*he following is an article published in a scientific journal. ;ead the

passage carefully, and identify the noun compounds in the combination already

discussed.

C)romosome number in Swainsona formosa /abaceae

Sturt%s desert pea, S#ainsona for$osa(:.6on) !.*hompson (syn. %lianthus for$osus (:.6on)ord < ic2.), is one of Australia=s most spectacular wild flowers (>illiams < *aji), and is thefloral emblem of South Australia. $t has large flag5shaped flowers, which are generally coloredbright red but may be pure white to deep purple in some wild specimens. *he economicimportance of this plant is in its potential use in a hanging bas2et or container plant, or as a cut

flower plant. $t is in demand in the domestic cut flower mar2et and is e&ported particularly to!apan.

ne of the impediments to the commerciali?ation of Sturt%s desert pea as a cut flower includethe production of large amounts of pollen grains. *his causes reduction in flower 4ualitybecause of petal staining by pollen grains which are shed during transport. $n addition,pollination may occur during transport resulting in rapid degeneration of the flowers, thus,reduction in the vase life of flowers. ur wor2 focuses on the production of male5sterile plantsor plants with no pollen grains, by manipulating the ploidy level and obtaining triploids.

*o our 2nowledge this is the first report of the chromosome number of Sturt%s desert pea. it ispart of our comprehensive study on breeding systems of this species. 6etermining the diploidchromosome number of untreated material allows us to assess the success of treatment toinduce poliploidy.

"lants used in this study were collected as seeds in South Australia, then germinated andpropagated in glasshouse. oucher specimen N0 @3'3 is lodged in the N> /eadle9erbarium, Bniversity of New 0ngland. 7aterials for root tip s4uash were sampled from seedsand materials for anther s4uash were ta2en from young flower buds. /oth seeds and flowerbuds were from #3 plants.

Si&ty seeds from #3 different plants were germinated in "etri dishes in a CDE h lightDdar2 cycleand roots from '5day5old seedlings were collected h after lights were switched on. *heseroots were immediately soa2ed in 3.F colchicine solution for h at room temperature toprevent spindle elongation. ;oots were then rinsed with sterile distilled water and stored in @3Falcohol at o until re4uired.*he roots were hydrolysed with stain5acid mi&ture (1 parts of F aceto5orcein + part of N

9l) and gently heated over an alcohol flame for minute to help the upta2e of the stain. *heroots remained in the stain5acid mi&ture for about 3 minutes. *he meristematic tip was then

e&cised (3. mm) on a slide and macerated in a small drop of F aceto5orcein (without 9l),

s4uashed, and gently warmed over an alcohol flame for '3 sec.

or anther s4uash, #3 plants were selected as the sample of plant materials. Anthers fromyoung floral buds ('.@ G '.1 mm long) were s4uashed in a few drops of F aceto5orcein(without 9l) and gently warmed over an alcohol flame for '3 sec.

Slides were e&amined under a microscope, and G C cells from each sample were counted toensure that a consistent count was achieved. hromosomes were photographed with -oda2ASA 33 film and scanned with a 9ewlet "ac2ard Scan!et #33 scanner. >hole images werethen manipulated with Adobe "hoto6elu&e 9ome 0dition '.3 for clearer viewing.

7itotic chromosomes at metaphase were e&amined, but they were too small for 2aryotypeanalysis. Although photographs were not clear enough for counting the chromosomes, counting


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under the microscope indicated that the #n H C. A clearer photograph was obtained from ananther s4uash showing that n HE in the pollen grains.

*he genus S#ainsona is placed in the tribe :alegeae sub5tribe oluteinea. hromosomecounts have been obtained from a number of S#ainsona species. 9air (1C') first reportedchromosome numbers in S. no&ae'elandiae ()ontigena no&ae'elandiae in 9eenan (11Ea))as #n H '#. *he same chromosome count of #n H '# was also found in S. canescens* S.

occidentalis* S. c+clocar,a* S. sti,ularis (Sands, 1@) and S. galegifolia (0rmayanti et al.,11').

$n her revision of the genus, *hompson (11') stated that S#ainsona has a uniformchromosome number of #n - # H '#. 9eenan (11Eb) also suggested that the chromosomenumber of S#ainsonaspecies with standard modified with a boss is #n -'#, but differs from agroup of species lac2ing in modifications that have a chromosome number of # n HC or #. $tseems that the chromosome number of #n H '# is common in S#ainsona. 9owever, theAustralian genera in sub5tribe oluteineae such as Sutherlandia, /essertia, %olutea,S,haero,h+sa and S$irno#ia all have species with #n H C ("olhill and ;aven, 1E). >esuggest that the count of #n H C in S. for$osafavors the basic number of - E in S#ainsonaand confirms the base chromosome number of - E in the :elegeae as previously proposed by:oldblatt (11).

(Source (#ith $odifications: Iul2arnain I., A. *aji and N. "ra2ash. #33#. hromosomenumber in S#ainsona for$osa (abaceae). New Iealand !ournal of /otany, 3D''5''').

"ocabular% list

Agro5tourism H agro wisata

/aby corns H jagung semi

/oss H salah satu mah2ota bunga yang mengalamimodifi2asi

/otanical :arden H 2ebun raya

/reeding systems H sistem pembia2an (se2sual)

utting H penyete2an

arm products H produ2 pertanian

lag5shaped H berbentu2 bendera

loral emblem H bunga simbol

loral features H fitur bunga

loriculture H ilmu yang mempelajari tanaman hias

ragrance H aroma

:rowth chamber H ruang tumbuh

9ard wood H ber2ayu 2eras

9orticultural science H ilmu horti2ultura

9ydrolised H hidrolisis

$mpediment H hambatan

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-aryotype analysis H analisis 2aryotipe

7ale5sterile H mandul jantan

7eristematic H meristemati2

7icrobial contamination H 2ontaminasi mi2roba

7itotic chromosome H 2romosom mitosis

"alm oil plantation H per2ebunan 2elapa sawit

"eduncle H tang2ai bunga

"loidy H ploidi

"ollen grain H serbu2 sari

"olyploidy H poliploidi

ppm (part per million) H per sejuta (2onsentrasi)

Juarantine officer H petugas 2arantina

Spectacular H spe2ta2uler

Spindle H benang 2romosom)

*ransfer cabinet H 2ota2 pindah (pada te2ni2 2ultur jaringan)

*riploid H triploid

ase life H lama masa hidup bunga di dalam jambangan

egetable oil H minya2 sayur

>ild flower H bunga liar

>ild specimen H jenis (tanaman) liar

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Chapter 10-Noun Compounds