Chapter 10: New Global Patterns Section 1: Japan Modernizes Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand

Chapter 10: Chapter 10: New Global PatternsNew Global Patterns

Section 1: Japan ModernizesSection 1: Japan ModernizesSection 2: Southeast Asia & the PacificSection 2: Southeast Asia & the PacificSection 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New ZealandZealandSection 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin AmericaSection 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin AmericaSection 5: Impact of ImperialismSection 5: Impact of Imperialism

Section 1: Section 1: Japan ModernizesJapan Modernizes

Summary:Summary:To avoid domination by the To avoid domination by the

West, Japan opened its doors to West, Japan opened its doors to foreign influences and became foreign influences and became a modern industrialized powera modern industrialized power


Since 1638, Shoguns had closed Since 1638, Shoguns had closed Japan to visitors and tradeJapan to visitors and tradeIn 1853, U.S. warships sailed into In 1853, U.S. warships sailed into

Tokyo BayTokyo BayCommodore Perry carried a letter Commodore Perry carried a letter from the American president from the American president demanding that Japan open its portsdemanding that Japan open its ports

Japan could not fight the U.S. Navy, and it Japan could not fight the U.S. Navy, and it soon signed the first of many trade soon signed the first of many trade treatiestreaties


Some Japanese said the Shogun Some Japanese said the Shogun showed weakness against the showed weakness against the foreignersforeignersIn 1867, a revolt ended Shogun In 1867, a revolt ended Shogun

control of Japancontrol of JapanA young emperor (15) began a long A young emperor (15) began a long reignreign

Under his rule the Japanese were ready to Under his rule the Japanese were ready to accept the western world and learn what accept the western world and learn what they couldthey could

Section 1: Section 1: Japan ModernizesJapan ModernizesBy the 1890s, Japan had By the 1890s, Japan had

developed a modern army and developed a modern army and navynavy

Japan had built modern steel mills Japan had built modern steel mills and railroadsand railroadsThis quick success was due to a This quick success was due to a

number of causes:number of causes:Common culture & LanguageCommon culture & LanguageJapan had a long tradition of learning Japan had a long tradition of learning from foreignersfrom foreigners

The Japanese were determine to resist The Japanese were determine to resist foreign ruleforeign rule


As industry grew, Japan needed As industry grew, Japan needed colonies to supply raw materialscolonies to supply raw materials

Gaining such colonies meant warGaining such colonies meant warIn 1884 Japan defeated China and In 1884 Japan defeated China and

gained Koreagained Korea


When Russia showed interest in When Russia showed interest in Korea, Japan declared warKorea, Japan declared warFor the first time in modern For the first time in modern

history, an Asian nation defeated a history, an Asian nation defeated a European powerEuropean power

By 1910, Japan held complete By 1910, Japan held complete control of Koreacontrol of KoreaThe Age of Japanese imperialism had The Age of Japanese imperialism had begunbegun

The Meiji Period

Modernizes military, business & industry

-1st Japanese constitution based on German model

-Emperor holds power

Meiji Motto: “A richCountry, a strong

Military.”

Replaces Shogun ruleWith rule by

Emperor

Meiji means:“Enlightened Rule”

Ends official Class system

Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Section 2: Southeast Asia & the PacificPacific

The Big Idea:The Big Idea:Western industrialist powers divided up Western industrialist powers divided up

Southeast Asia in pursuit of raw Southeast Asia in pursuit of raw materials, new markets & Christian materials, new markets & Christian convertsconverts


In the 1800s, industrial powers looked to In the 1800s, industrial powers looked to Southeast Asia for resources and marketsSoutheast Asia for resources and marketsChristians saw a place to spread ChristianityChristians saw a place to spread Christianity

Just as it had in Africa, Europe began to grab landJust as it had in Africa, Europe began to grab land


The Dutch East India Company The Dutch East India Company controlled the Spice Islands, and the controlled the Spice Islands, and the Dutch set up colonies to grow coffee Dutch set up colonies to grow coffee and spicesand spices


The people of Burma (now called The people of Burma (now called Myanmar) did not realize the might Myanmar) did not realize the might of the British forcesof the British forcesThey lost many wars before falling to They lost many wars before falling to

Britain in the 1800sBritain in the 1800s


In Vietnam, leaders also failed to In Vietnam, leaders also failed to understand western mightunderstand western mightThe French gained Vietnam, Laos & The French gained Vietnam, Laos &

CambodiaCambodiaThe French called their colonial holdings in The French called their colonial holdings in

Southeast Asia, French IndochinaSoutheast Asia, French Indochina


By the 1890s, Europeans controlled By the 1890s, Europeans controlled most of Southeast Asiamost of Southeast Asia


The king of Siam (now called The king of Siam (now called Thailand) did not underestimate Thailand) did not underestimate western powerswestern powersHe decided to learn from the west and He decided to learn from the west and

build his own strengthbuild his own strengthSiam granted some rights to the West but Siam granted some rights to the West but

remained a free kingdomremained a free kingdom


The United States became an The United States became an imperialist nation by reaching into the imperialist nation by reaching into the PacificPacificIn 1878, it gained rights in SamoaIn 1878, it gained rights in SamoaIn 1898, success in the Spanish-American In 1898, success in the Spanish-American

War gave the United States the PhilippinesWar gave the United States the PhilippinesIn 1893, the Queen of Hawaii tried to In 1893, the Queen of Hawaii tried to

reduce foreign holdingsreduce foreign holdingsAmerican sugar planters led a revoltAmerican sugar planters led a revolt

The United States annexed Hawaii in 1898The United States annexed Hawaii in 1898


By 1900, western powers held nearly By 1900, western powers held nearly every island in the Pacificevery island in the Pacific

Soon Japan wanted its share tooSoon Japan wanted its share too

Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New ZealandAustralia & New Zealand

The Big Idea:The Big Idea:The British colonies of Canada, Australia The British colonies of Canada, Australia

& New Zealand won independence & New Zealand won independence faster and with greater ease than faster and with greater ease than territories in Africa & Asiaterritories in Africa & Asia

Canada

Australia

New Zealand


In the British colonies of Canada, In the British colonies of Canada, Australia & New Zealand, white Australia & New Zealand, white settlers quickly outnumbered the settlers quickly outnumbered the nativesnativesThe British freed these colonies more The British freed these colonies more

easilyeasilyThey felt that whites were more able to They felt that whites were more able to

govern themselves than the nonwhites of govern themselves than the nonwhites of India and AsiaIndia and Asia


Britain gained Canada from France in Britain gained Canada from France in 17631763Following the American Revolution and a Following the American Revolution and a

revolt in Upper and Lower Canada in revolt in Upper and Lower Canada in 1837, Britain created the free Dominion 1837, Britain created the free Dominion of Canada in 1867of Canada in 1867The new nation kept close ties with BritainThe new nation kept close ties with Britain

One place, one empire


The first Australians probably came The first Australians probably came from Southeast Asiafrom Southeast AsiaThey became known as AboriginesThey became known as Aborigines

In 1770, British Captain James Cook claimed In 1770, British Captain James Cook claimed AustraliaAustralia

Britain first used the land as a prison, where they Britain first used the land as a prison, where they could send their convicts could send their convicts


A gold rush and fine sheep ranches A gold rush and fine sheep ranches brought new settlersbrought new settlersThey moved into the rugged interior They moved into the rugged interior

known as the Outback, pushing out or known as the Outback, pushing out or killing the Aborigineskilling the AboriginesIn 1901, Britain granted self-ruleIn 1901, Britain granted self-rule

The new country still honored the British monarch The new country still honored the British monarch as head of stateas head of state


In 1769, Captain Cook claimed New In 1769, Captain Cook claimed New ZealandZealandIn 1840, Britain annexed New Zealand In 1840, Britain annexed New Zealand

and white settlers began to claim landand white settlers began to claim landThe local Maori people fought backThe local Maori people fought backBy 1870, most Maoris had died in wars or By 1870, most Maoris had died in wars or

from diseasefrom diseaseNew Zealand gained self-rule in 1907New Zealand gained self-rule in 1907New Zealand, like Canada & Australia kept New Zealand, like Canada & Australia kept

close ties to Britainclose ties to Britain

Section 4: Economic Imperialism Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin Americain Latin America

The Big Idea:The Big Idea:The economy of Latin America became The economy of Latin America became

dependent on industrial nations for dependent on industrial nations for investment, technology and investment, technology and manufactured goodsmanufactured goods


Most of Latin America gained Most of Latin America gained independence in the 1800sindependence in the 1800sYet life did not improve for most peopleYet life did not improve for most people

There were revolts and civil warsThere were revolts and civil warsPrejudice and poverty continuedPrejudice and poverty continued


Local strongmen known as caudillos Local strongmen known as caudillos put together armies and made put together armies and made themselves dictatorsthemselves dictators

Revolts often overthrew the caudillosRevolts often overthrew the caudillosStill, power stayed with a small ruling Still, power stayed with a small ruling

classclass


Colonial economies had depended on Colonial economies had depended on Spain and PortugalSpain and PortugalThe colonies sent raw materials to their The colonies sent raw materials to their

ruling landsruling landsThey bought finished goods from their They bought finished goods from their

rulersrulersLater, Britain and the U.S. became trading Later, Britain and the U.S. became trading

partners with the freed nationspartners with the freed nations They took control of prices and set rules governing They took control of prices and set rules governing

tradetrade Latin America came to depend on themLatin America came to depend on them


British and American companies British and American companies wanted to guard their employees and wanted to guard their employees and investments in Latin Americainvestments in Latin AmericaThey claimed the right to act when They claimed the right to act when

events threatened their interestsevents threatened their interests


In 1823, U.S. President James Monroe In 1823, U.S. President James Monroe issued the issued the Monroe DoctrineMonroe DoctrineIt said that the Americas were closed to It said that the Americas were closed to

further colonization and that the U.S. further colonization and that the U.S. would oppose any European efforts to would oppose any European efforts to reestablish coloniesreestablish colonies


In 1903, the U.S. wanted to build a In 1903, the U.S. wanted to build a canal across the Central American canal across the Central American land of Panamaland of PanamaColumbia, which ruled Panama, refused Columbia, which ruled Panama, refused

to grant land for the canalto grant land for the canal


The U.S. backed a revolt against The U.S. backed a revolt against ColumbiaColumbiaPanama won freedom and gave the U.S. Panama won freedom and gave the U.S.

the land to build the canalthe land to build the canalMany Latin Americans saw the U.S.’s actions Many Latin Americans saw the U.S.’s actions

as interference and an example of Yankee as interference and an example of Yankee imperialismimperialism

Section 5: Impact of Section 5: Impact of ImperialismImperialism

The Big Idea:The Big Idea:The Age of Imperialism brought an The Age of Imperialism brought an

exchange of goods, money, materials exchange of goods, money, materials and ideasand ideas


The age of imperialism changed the The age of imperialism changed the West and its coloniesWest and its coloniesThe industrial nations of Britain, France, The industrial nations of Britain, France,

Germany and the United States Germany and the United States controlled a new global economycontrolled a new global economyThey sent goods, investment money and They sent goods, investment money and

knowledge to the rest of the worldknowledge to the rest of the worldIn return, Africa, Asia and Latin America In return, Africa, Asia and Latin America

supplied natural resources, farm crops and supplied natural resources, farm crops and cheap laborcheap labor


In many ways, colonies suffered greatly In many ways, colonies suffered greatly under foreign ruleunder foreign ruleImported goods wiped out local craft Imported goods wiped out local craft

industriesindustriesFamines swept lands where farms grew Famines swept lands where farms grew

export crops instead of foodexport crops instead of foodYet, foreign rule also moved countries into Yet, foreign rule also moved countries into

the modern agethe modern age


Imperialism brought an exchange of Imperialism brought an exchange of culturesculturesEuropeans made it their mission to Europeans made it their mission to

spread western waysspread western waysMany conquered peoples accepted Many conquered peoples accepted

western wayswestern waysThey learned to speak western languagesThey learned to speak western languagesThey wore western clothing stylesThey wore western clothing stylesSome lost touch with their own culturesSome lost touch with their own cultures


However, others held on to their However, others held on to their customscustomsIn the end most colonies blended old and In the end most colonies blended old and

new ideas new ideas Imperialism enriched the WestImperialism enriched the West

Ties with Africa, Asia and Latin America Ties with Africa, Asia and Latin America brought new:brought new:ArtArtMusicMusicFashionsFashionsFoodsFoods


At times more than one European At times more than one European nation tried to gain the territorynation tried to gain the territoryTensions rose as each feared the other Tensions rose as each feared the other

would build a stronger empirewould build a stronger empireConflicts sometimes threatened to end in Conflicts sometimes threatened to end in

warwar

Documents

Chapter 10: New Global Patterns Section 1: Japan Modernizes Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand