CONTRIBUTIONS OF MUSLIMS TO WORLD CIVILIZATION

CHAPTER 10

Muslim ContributionsDuring much of the medieval period,

Muslim civilization was in some ways more advanced than others

Made major advancements in: astronomy, zoology, geography, arithmetic, navigation, art, architecture, and technology

Muslim ContributionsHad Muslim Scholars not translated classic Greek texts, the European Renaissance would not have happened in the way that it did

In spite of this, Muslims have not always been recognized for their contributions to world civilizations

ACTIVITY DIRECTIONSWith your partner(s), examine one of the 16 placard on

the walls.Turn to Reading Notes 10 (p 62) and decide which of

the 16 topics the placard relates to. Pencil in the letter of the placard next to that topic.

Scan sections 10.3-10.11 to find the passage that matches the contribution. Check your answer with the sticky note (DO NOT CHEAT) and then read the passage if you are correct.

On the map, draw a symbol for the contribution in the appropriate location. If a contribution isn’t related to a specific location on the map, draw your symbol in an open space.

On the page opposite the map, write a summary of the contribution

Reviewing Muslim ContributionsEach group has several placardsYou are going to present your placard to the

class by describing the Muslim ContributionYou will have a few minutes to prepare your

sections and then you will present them to the class.

Talk to the class, do not read to the class.Be prepared to note the significant

contributions and the symbol you put on the map and where you put the symbol.

Make sure your presentation is professional and prepared.

Flowering of Islamic Civilization – 10.2 (no card)

Arab conquests had created a vast Muslim empire – Spain, N. Africa and much of western and central Asia came under Muslim rule.

Islamic civilization flourished – great cities where scholars and artists made many advances

Baghdad – important cityCairo – important city

Jews, Christians and Muslims worked and studied togther

10.3 City Building and Architecture#2 Baghdad – Card I #11 Mosques – Card

KBaghdad: Abbasid capital – more central for

the entire empireVillage between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers –

cross road of trade routes connecting the empire

At center of the city is where the caliph’s palace and grand mosque is – city is round

Double wall with guards, guarded inner part of city

One of world’s largest cities

10.3 City Building and Architecture#2 Baghdad – Card I #11 Mosques –

Card KMosques: Muslim house of worshipHad a minaret (tower) with a small

balcony where the call to prayer comes from.

Fountain for washingPrayer room inside – worshipers sit on

mats and carpetsImam – prayer leader.

10.4 Scholarship and Learning#14 Scholarship and Learning – Card J“The ink of scholars is more precious than

the blood of martyrs.”8th century, Arabic was the language of

scholarship and scienceShared language and love of learning

allowed ideas to exchange and build upon others work

Built schools and libraries in Muslim citiesPeople came from all over world to work

together

10.4 Scholarship and Learning#14 Scholarship and Learning – Card JHall of Wisdom – Cairo – could visit to

read books and studyCordoba, Spain library had 400,000

volumes of booksMuslim people studied Plato and

Aristotle and used reasoning and logic

10.4 Scholarship and Learning#14 Scholarship and Learning – Card JSometimes wondered how to make

reason and logical proof agree with their religious faith.

Humans had 2 sources of knowledge: reason and revelation by God

Ibn Sina, become Islam’s most famous philosopher – believed all knowledge came from God and that truth could be known through revelation and reason

10.5 Science and Technology#1 Astronomy – Card F #16 Zoology Card H

#7 Irrigation and Underground Wells – Card MAstronomy – compasses and astrolabes helped

locate Makkah. Allowed worshipers far from Holy city pray facing right direction.

Also able to find out the exact times for prayer and month of Ramadan using astronomy

Also just wanted to learn about the universe.Also thought Earth was center of universe with

the sun and stars going around Earth – is this true?

10.5 Science and Technology#1 Astronomy – Card F #16 Zoology

Card H#7 Irrigation and Underground Wells – Card M

Zoology – scientific study of animalsWrote books describing animal bone

structure How to make medicine for animalsEvolution of animalsEstablished zoos

10.6 Geography and Navigation# 5 Geography and Navigation – Card PExamined plants and animals in different

regionsDivided world into climate zonesCalculated Earth’s circumference

accuratelyCreated accurate mapsTravelers could get information for water

resources to help in travel and tradeWrote guidebooks for travelersUsed compasses – probably learned from

Chinese

Irrigation and Underground Wells

10.6 Geography and Navigation# 5 Geography and Navigation – Card PExamined plants and animals in different

regionsDivided world into climate zonesCalculated Earth’s circumference

accuratelyCreated accurate mapsTravelers couldget information for water

resources to help in travel and tradeWrote guidebooks for travelersUsed compasses – probably learned from

Chinese

Irrigation and Underground Wells

10.7 Mathematics#9 Mathematics – Card OBased work on India and classical GreeceLearned from EuclidKhwarizmi – worked at House of Wisdom

– father of algebraHelped populate Arabic numbers in

EuropePopulated the use of the number ZeroZero makes it easier to write large

numbers

10.8 Medicine#10 Medicine – Card LSome of most contributions in this fieldLearned from Greeks, Mesopotamians,

EgyptiansEstablished 1st hospitals – Baghdad had 5Doctors treated disease with diet, drugs

and exerciseDid surgery – hospitals were advancedal-Razi, realized bacteria spread

infection – studied smallpox and measles

10.9 Bookmaking and Literature#8 Bookmaking and Literature – Card NPaper making helped literature growBookmaking was an artformBookmaking was a big businessArabs had rich story telling tradition –

now they could share it in writingArabian Nights – famous Arabic bookSufism or Islamic mysticism – helped

enhance this through poetry

10.10 Art and Music#3 Calligraphy – Card D #12 Music – Card

G#6 Geometric/floral design – B #15 Textiles - E

Geometric and Floral Design- famous for decorative art

Illustrated ManuscriptsApplied talent to everyday items – plates,

glassware, clothes, walls of mosquesArabesque – natural world – leaves, flowers, etc.Made metal boxes, ceramic bowls, tiles, carpetsUsed geometric shapes in designs

10.10 Art and Music#3 Calligraphy – Card D #12 Music

– Card G#6 Geometric/floral design – B #15 Textiles - E

Calligraphy – highest form of decorative art

Qur’an – felt only calligraphy would do for writing

Used Calligraphy to decorate everyday items

10.10 Art and Music#3 Calligraphy – Card D #12 Music –

Card G#6 Geometric/floral design – B #15 Textiles - E

Textiles: cloths or textiles, rugs, etc.Great effort in making these artisticSometimes had inscriptions or designs

showing important eventsSometimes embroideredClothes showed rank and served as a status

in Muslim world

10.10 Art and Music#3 Calligraphy – Card D #12 Music – Card

G#6 Geometric/floral design – B #15 Textiles - E

Music: Baghdad, Damascus – centers of Muslim Music world

Ziryab, talented musician and singer from Baghdad – established first music school

Singing was essential part of Muslim Spain’s musical culture

Created songs about love, nature and glory of the empire

10.11 Recreation#13 Polo – Card C #4 Chess – Card APolo – learned about it from the PersiansPlayed on horses – Muslims saw horses

as a status symbolChess: invented in India. Persians

introduced it to MuslimsCaliphs invited chess champions

including women and slaves to their palaces to play in matches - intellectual challenge

Friday, November 11, 2011On a separate sheet of paper answer the following question WITH DETAIL – to be turned in when finished!

In your opinion, what was the most important Muslim achievement? Why? Give detail.

Human SpectrumWith your partner(s) go through the list of

contributions and rank them. You are going to do this 2 ways

1. in order of importance (1 -16) 1 meaning the most important, 16 being the least important

2. go through each contribution and rank it on a scale of 1-4; 1 being really important, 4 being least important

Example: Mathematics – Rank #8; and 1 on a scale of 1-4