Chapter 1 Tissue Response to Injury
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Pathophysiology Cellular adaptation Powerpoint (Nursing course)
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Behavioral Emergencies*
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Rudolf Virchow
(1821–1902)
Considered father of modern cellular pathology
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Lipofusion
Also known as “brown fat of aging”
“Undigested complex lipids”
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Interaction of Cells with Other Cells
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Equilibrium of Cell
Equilibrium = homeostasis
Cell injury
Cell death
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Steady State (Homeostasis)
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Cell Injury
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Reversible Cell Injury
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Cellular Swelling
Normal microvilli
Swollen microvilli
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Cell Membrane Permeability Changes
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Nuclear Changes in
Irreversible Cell Injury
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Causes of Cell Injury
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Major Causes of Hypoxia/Anoxia
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Oxygen Radicals
Hydrogen peroxide
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Postperfusion Injury
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Toxic Cell Injury
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Microbial Pathogens
Direct
Indirect
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Viral Cell Injury
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Cell Adaptations
Occur as result of prolonged exposure to adverse or exaggerated
normal stimuli
Main forms of adaptation:
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Cellular Adaptations
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Atrophy
Decrease in size of cell, tissue, organ, or entire body:
Physiologic & predictable: atrophy caused by aging
Pathologic: lack of nutrition, chronic ischemia, denervation,
inactivity
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Atrophy of Brain
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Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy of skeletal muscles in bodybuilders
Hypertrophy often combined with hyperplasia
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Hypertrophy of Left Ventricle
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Hyperplasia
Endometrial hyperplasia caused by estrogen
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in elderly men
Callus (corn) on hand (in some occupations) or on heels
(high-heeled shoes, tight shoes)
Hyperplastic polyps of intestine
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Intracellular Accumulations
Exogenous materials
