Chapter 1Chapter 1

The History of JournalismThe History of Journalism

Information AgeInformation Age

Internet has greatly affected the mediaInternet has greatly affected the media

Some believe the change is great while Some believe the change is great while others believe it is minimalothers believe it is minimal NY Times now has a smaller newspaperNY Times now has a smaller newspaper

Trash vs. The Good StuffTrash vs. The Good Stuff

News doesn’t gather itselfNews doesn’t gather itself

Journalists need to know everything – p. 3Journalists need to know everything – p. 3

Early NewspapersEarly Newspapers

Anything goes – letters, essaysAnything goes – letters, essays

Publick OccurrencesPublick Occurrences First newspaper in Boston (1690)First newspaper in Boston (1690) This was stopped by the BritishThis was stopped by the British

1704 – continuous paper approved by the 1704 – continuous paper approved by the governmentgovernment Started by John CampbellStarted by John Campbell Boston News-LetterBoston News-Letter

Freedom of the PressFreedom of the Press

Sedition – the stirring of rebellionSedition – the stirring of rebellion ““The greater the truth, the greater the libel”The greater the truth, the greater the libel”

1735 – New York Weekly Journal1735 – New York Weekly Journal John Peter Zenger printed articles by the John Peter Zenger printed articles by the

governorgovernor Found guiltyFound guilty Andrew Hamilton defended Zenger – p. 5-6Andrew Hamilton defended Zenger – p. 5-6 Hamilton appealed to the jury – ‘Not guilty’Hamilton appealed to the jury – ‘Not guilty’

The Birth of the NationThe Birth of the Nation

Colonial Press played vital role in the birth Colonial Press played vital role in the birth of the nationof the nation

By 1775 there were 37 newspapersBy 1775 there were 37 newspapers

Some believe there would not have been a Some believe there would not have been a revolution without the pressrevolution without the press When are other times the press has affected When are other times the press has affected

thought? (Airplane use by Gov. Rounds)thought? (Airplane use by Gov. Rounds)

The Birth of the Nation (cont.)The Birth of the Nation (cont.)

First AmendmentFirst Amendment Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, Guarantees freedom of speech, religion,

press, assembly, redress of governmentpress, assembly, redress of government

1783 – Pennsylvania Post1783 – Pennsylvania Post First daily newspaperFirst daily newspaper

1777 – Students Gazette1777 – Students Gazette First student newspaperFirst student newspaper

Penny PressPenny Press

First papers carried very little newsFirst papers carried very little news

1833 – New York Sun – Benjamin Day1833 – New York Sun – Benjamin Day Filled full of news and sold for a pennyFilled full of news and sold for a penny

Penny Press sold on the street and Penny Press sold on the street and catered to revolution workerscatered to revolution workers

Advertising began taking a larger roleAdvertising began taking a larger role

1841 – New York Tribune – Horace 1841 – New York Tribune – Horace Greeley – 200,000 subscribersGreeley – 200,000 subscribers

Penny Press (cont.)Penny Press (cont.)

Women played roles in the pressWomen played roles in the press

Designs became better as neededDesigns became better as needed

1851 – Henry Raymond1851 – Henry Raymond Founded New York TimesFounded New York Times Best paper in the countryBest paper in the country

The Effect of the TelegraphThe Effect of the Telegraph

With the Civil War, telegraphs helped With the Civil War, telegraphs helped transmit newstransmit news

Inverted pyramid styleInverted pyramid style Most important information firstMost important information first

Harbor News AssociationHarbor News Association Forerunner to the Associated Press (AP)Forerunner to the Associated Press (AP) Sold news to papersSold news to papers

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism

Bad taste emergedBad taste emerged

William Randolph Hearst – New York William Randolph Hearst – New York JournalJournal Orson Welles – Citizen KaneOrson Welles – Citizen Kane

Joseph Pulitzer – New York WorldJoseph Pulitzer – New York World

Name came from cartoon of Yellow KidName came from cartoon of Yellow Kid

Yellow Journalism (cont.)Yellow Journalism (cont.)

Nellie Bly – worked for the World and Nellie Bly – worked for the World and made news herselfmade news herself Stephen Glass – Shattered GlassStephen Glass – Shattered Glass Bly said she went to an insane asylumBly said she went to an insane asylum She also said she went around the world in 72 She also said she went around the world in 72

daysdays

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War

Tried to lure America into the war between Tried to lure America into the war between Cuba and SpainCuba and Spain

Hearst said “You furnish the pictures, and Hearst said “You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war”I’ll furnish the war”

U.S.S. Maine was attacked – p. 11U.S.S. Maine was attacked – p. 11 U.S. got into the warU.S. got into the war

MuckrakingMuckraking

Muckrakers – people who called for Muckrakers – people who called for change in societychange in society

Magazine came aboutMagazine came about McClure’s, Collier’s, Munsey’s, Saturday McClure’s, Collier’s, Munsey’s, Saturday

Evening PostEvening PostThey also fought for societal changeThey also fought for societal change

Minority MediaMinority Media

Defender – founded in 1905Defender – founded in 1905 Robert S. Abbott – parents were slavesRobert S. Abbott – parents were slaves

African-Americans should move north for better African-Americans should move north for better jobsjobs

1945 – Ebony started – popular magazine1945 – Ebony started – popular magazine

Many Hispanic magazines cropped upMany Hispanic magazines cropped up

1828 – Cherokee Phoenix – first Native 1828 – Cherokee Phoenix – first Native American newspaperAmerican newspaper

Lakota Times – Tim Giago – Rapid City, SDLakota Times – Tim Giago – Rapid City, SD

Advent of RadioAdvent of Radio

1906 – Dr. Lee De Forest came up with vacuum tube 1906 – Dr. Lee De Forest came up with vacuum tube for radiofor radio1916 – De Forest first radio broadcast1916 – De Forest first radio broadcast1926 – National Broadcasting Company – NBC1926 – National Broadcasting Company – NBC1927 – Columbia Broadcasting Company – CBS1927 – Columbia Broadcasting Company – CBS1945 – Part of NBC sold off – named American 1945 – Part of NBC sold off – named American Broadcasting Company – ABCBroadcasting Company – ABCRadio Act of 1927 – Federal Radio CommissionRadio Act of 1927 – Federal Radio Commission

Forerunner to Federal Communications Commission (FCC)Forerunner to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Power over radio and televisionPower over radio and television

Radios = HUGERadios = HUGE

Shock Jocks and Radio Talk ShowsShock Jocks and Radio Talk Shows

For everything good, something bad has For everything good, something bad has to happento happen

Howard Stern, Rush Limbaugh, Don ImusHoward Stern, Rush Limbaugh, Don Imus

Are they journalists?Are they journalists?

Impact of TelevisionImpact of Television

1940s – first television newscast1940s – first television newscast

Mid 1960s – more than 60 million television sets Mid 1960s – more than 60 million television sets in United Statesin United States

Took away radio powerTook away radio power

Presidents utilize televisionPresidents utilize television

Global Village – watching an event around the Global Village – watching an event around the worldworld

ABC, CBS, NBCABC, CBS, NBC

CNN, FOX, MSNBC, PBS, C-SpanCNN, FOX, MSNBC, PBS, C-Span

Sensationalism on TVSensationalism on TV

1990s – return to yellow journalism1990s – return to yellow journalism

Even more newspapers and magazines Even more newspapers and magazines had trash journalismhad trash journalism

““If it bleeds, it leads”If it bleeds, it leads”

Bridge disaster in Minneapolis, Death of Bridge disaster in Minneapolis, Death of Michael Jackson – too much?Michael Jackson – too much?

1999 – Littleton, Colorado1999 – Littleton, Colorado

News on the InternetNews on the Internet

Easy accessEasy access

No shortage of space – articles can be as No shortage of space – articles can be as long as someone wantslong as someone wants

What are your thoughts on the internet?What are your thoughts on the internet?

Do you read news online?Do you read news online? This could be anything – CNN, MLB, ESPN, This could be anything – CNN, MLB, ESPN,

NFL, EWNFL, EW

Computer Assisted ReportingComputer Assisted Reporting

Databases are accessible all over the Databases are accessible all over the world to journalistsworld to journalists

South Dakota Dept. of AgricultureSouth Dakota Dept. of Agriculture

Journalism TodayJournalism Today

People simply don’t read papers anymorePeople simply don’t read papers anymore

What do you think of online journalism?What do you think of online journalism?

Is it good?Is it good?

What are the downfalls of not having a What are the downfalls of not having a paper copy of a newspaper?paper copy of a newspaper?

What do you think the future holds in What do you think the future holds in store?store?