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Child Development 1 (Wk 2)Chapter 1/ Sec. 2 (Theories)
A theory - an orderly, integrated set of statements that are cohesive; the statements describe, explain, and predict human behavior.
Helps us understand, describe, respond & predict…
The Classic TheoriesPsychodynamic Theories:i. Sigmund Freudii. Erik EriksonConstructivist Theories:i. Jean Piagetii. Lev Vygotsky
Recent TheoriesSystems Theories:i. Urie Bronfenbrenner
Category: Classic TheorySub-Category: Psychodynamic TheoryTheorist: Erik Erikson (1902-1994)Name of theory: Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Trust vs. Mistrust:
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt:
Initiative vs. Guilt:
Industry vs. Inferiority:
Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence):
Intimacy vs. Isolation (Early Adulthood):
Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood): Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Later Adulthood):
Category: Classic TheorySub-Category: Constructivist TheoryTheorist: Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980)Name of theory: Piaget’s Cognitive (Constructivist) Theory
Stages (refer to Table 1.3, p. 24)
Sensorimotor Pre-Operational Concrete operational Formal operational We will go into detail about the
characteristics of each stage, as the semester continues; this is just a preview
TermsSchemes- any action pattern (cognitive structure) for dealing with the environment.
Assimilation- new information into our existing schemes.
Accommodation- when information does not fit into existing scheme; one changes a scheme to adapt to the new information, which may involve creating a new scheme.
Category: Classic TheorySub-Category: Constructivist TheoryTheorist: Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)Name of theory: Social Constructivist Theory A Russian Psychologist
“Sociocultural theory” of development:
Social: Cultural:
- Humans have a biological need & capacity for tool use and production.
- “Physical tools” = master the environment; “psychological tools” = master behavior.
- Psychological tools Includes…
Terms: “ZPD” & Scaffolding
ZPD Scaffolding
Zone of Proximal Development
A teaching style which includes…
Category: Recent TheorySub-Category: Systems TheoryTheorist: Urie Bronfenbrenner’s (1917-2005)Name of theory: Ecological Systems Theory
Microsystem
Interactions in the child’s immediate environment (daily
lives).
Mesosystem ExosystemInteractions among
various microsystems.Social settings that have
an indirect influence on the child...
Macrosystem-culture (subculture) values, laws, customs, & economics & government systems.
Chronosystem –is not a level, but refers to a dimension of “time”…one’s personal history