Human Origins in Africa

Chapter 1: Sec. 1

• Describe key scientific findings about human origins.• List human achievements during the Stone Age.• Trace emergence of modern humans.• State discoveries about early humans.

Students will:

Categorizing Forming and

Supporting Opinions

Making Inferences Drawing

Conclusions Recognizing

Effects

Comparing Geography Environment

Interaction Synthesizing

Skills Objectives

❑ Interact with History❑ Discuss MAIN IDEA: Fossil evidence shows that the earliest humans originated in Africa and spread across the globe.❑ Discuss WHY IT MATTERS NOW : The study of early human remains and artifacts helps in understanding our place in human history.

Focus and Motivate

Define the following Terms and Names ARTIFACT CULTURE HOMINID PALEOLITHIC AGE NEOLITHIC AGE TECHNOLOGY HOMO SAPIENS

PAGE 11 QUESTIONS 3, 4 ,and 5

Vocabulary and Homework

Early Human Migration

What were the earliest Humans like? Scientists use a variety of ways to

research and learn more about how, when and where early humans developed.

Archaeologists are specially trained scientists who work like detectives to uncover the story of prehistoric people.

Scientists Search for Human Origins

Since prehistoric human did not have written language

It is necessary to learn from existing evidence left behind such as bones and artifacts.

Artifacts are human made objects such as tools and

jewelry …. These items might hint at how people lived,

worked, dressed, and perhaps if they had a belief system

Common Practices◦ What people eat, wear, jewelry, ◦ What sports or games they play◦ Tools and Technology◦ Social Customs ◦ Work

Components of Culture

Shared Understandings ◦ Language◦ Symbols◦ Religion◦ Values◦ Arts, music◦ Political beliefs

What is Culture?

Social Organization ◦ Family◦ Class and caste structure◦ Relationships between individuals and community◦ Government◦ Economic systems ◦ View of authority

YouMedia

Family

Friends Religion

Government

School

How Culture is Learned

1970’s in East Africa footprints found resembling those of humans

Found by Dr. Mary Leakey these prints belong to a hominid now know as australopithecines

Early Hominids

1974 Ethiopia Africa The oldest human remains found A female hominid Lucy was only 1.1 m (3 ft. 7 in) tall, weighed 29 kg (64 lbs.) and looked somewhat like a Common Chimpanzee

The Discovery of Lucy

Human Evolution

2.5 million to 8000 BCE Invention of tools, mastery of Fire,

development of Language

Old Stone Age (Paleolithic Age)

Paleolithic Hunter / Gatherer

Objectives: Students will • List technological and artistic

achievements of the Paleolithic Age. • Describe the Neolithic Revolution. • Explain the growth of villages.

Chapter 1 Sec. 2 Humans try to Control Nature

Outlining Analyzing Primary Sources Making Inferences Skill builder: Map Summarizing

Skills

Discuss MAIN IDEA: The development of agriculture caused an increase in population and the growth of a settled way of life.

Discuss WHY IT MATTERS NOW: New methods for obtaining food and the development of technology laid the foundations for modern civilizations.

FOCUS AND MOTIVATE

Nomad Hunter-gatherer Neolithic revolution Slash and burn farming Domestication

Page 19 Questions 3, 4, and 5

Vocabulary and Homework

Paleolithic Humans ( Old Stone Age)

Neolithic Human (New Stone Age)

Eskimos in Alaska ca. 1910

Birth of Agriculture Slash and Burn Farming

Making of tools

Neolithic Revolution

ATLATL

Wolf

Domestication of Animals

Dog

Religion: Stonehenge England

Inukshuk Greenland & Canada

ObjectivesStudents will

• Explain how villages grew into cities.

• List the characteristics of civilization.

• Describe how the city of Ur exemplifies early civilizations

Chapter 1 Sec. 3 Civilization Ur

SummarizingDrawing ConclusionsMaking InferencesAnalyzing CausesRecognizing Effects

Skills

Discuss MAIN IDEA: Prosperous farming villages, food surpluses, and new technology led to the rise of civilizations.

Discuss WHY IT MATTERS NOW: Contemporary civilizations share the same characteristics typical of ancient civilizations.

FOCUS AND MOTIVATE

Civilization Specialization Artisan Questions Page 23 Institution Numbers 1, 3, 4, and 5 Scribe Cuneiform Bronze Age Barter Ziggurat

Vocabulary and Homework

How Civilization Develops

1. Advanced Cities 2. Specialized Workers 3. Complex Institutions4. Record Keeping

5. Advanced Technology

Civilization Case Study “Ur”

Village or City is not determined by its size of population but rather its design.

City center to foster trade and markets Centers for religious observance Site for retail and trade shops

Advanced Cities

Persons that do a particular job or taskartisan

MerchantsGovernment officialsSoldiers Metal workersPriests ScribesFarmersWeavers

Specialized Workers

Formal System of Government

Priests with official political and religious authority; Religious ceremony

Education to train those in a specific job such as scribes Need to learn established written language cuneiform

Complex Institutions

Potters Wheel

Metal work---Bronze ( 88% copper 12% tin )

Improved Technology

City of Ur

How did the surplus of food help develop specialization of work?

Why does a city such as Ur need a formal Government?

Why did record keeping become important in Ur?

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