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Chapter 1Chapter 1Science and the EnvironmentScience and the Environment

Section 1: Understanding Our EnvironmentSection 1: Understanding Our Environment

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Write a complete sentenceWrite a complete sentencedescribing the word Naturaldescribing the word NaturalResource and Virginia.Resource and Virginia.

EnvironmentEnvironment

•• Living and nonLiving and non--living things surrounding andliving things surrounding andeffecting an organism.effecting an organism.

•• What does your environment include at school?What does your environment include at school?

Environmental scienceEnvironmental science-- the study ofthe study ofhow humans interact with thehow humans interact with theenvironment.environment.

EcologyEcology-- study of how living things interactstudy of how living things interactwith each other & the nonlivingwith each other & the nonlivingenvironment.environment.

Bioticabiotic

Organization of lifeOrganization of life

•• Vo cab Bio 1 review:Vo cab Bio 1 review:

Arrange in order;Arrange in order;

cell organcell organorganismorganism

organ systemorgan systemtissuetissue

http://www.phschool.com/science/ca_sci_exp_transparencies/earth_sci_unit5.pdf

• smallest unit of a livingthing.

Yuh know me;I keep it homeostatic.

• A population is groupof interacting andinterbreeding organisms

•Of the same species.

Hey Marty, tellthose two to keeptheir interactionPG.

• A community is a group ofinteracting populations. (differentspecies)

Is he tryingto tell mesomething?

• An ecosystem is a community oforganisms and their non-living(abiotic) environment

Biotic Factor

Abiotic Factor

• The Biosphere thethin layer of the earththat supports life.

• If the earth was thesize of an apple, thebiosphere would be thethickness of its skin.

BioticBiotic-- living (of biology)living (of biology)ex.ex.

AbioticAbiotic-- nonlivingnonlivingex.ex.

Environmental science is anEnvironmental science is aninterdisciplinary science, whichinterdisciplinary science, whichmeans that it involves many fieldsmeans that it involves many fieldsof study.of study.

Concept map! Link theseConcept map! Link thesewords withwords with••Environmental ScienceEnvironmental Science-- main ideamain ideaecology, earth science, biology,ecology, earth science, biology,

social science, physicssocial science, physics

Chemistry

energy

What is the Goal ofWhat is the Goal ofEnvironmental Science?Environmental Science?

•• A major goal of environmentalA major goal of environmentalscience is to understand andscience is to understand andsolvesolve environmental problemsenvironmental problems..

•• To accomplish this goal,To accomplish this goal,environmental scientists studyenvironmental scientists studytwo main types of interactionstwo main types of interactionsbetween humans and theirbetween humans and theirenvironment:environment:1)1) How our actions alter ourHow our actions alter our

environment.environment.2)2) The use of natural resourcesThe use of natural resources

like water,like water, coal, and oil.coal, and oil.

Our Environment through TimeOur Environment through Time•• Wherever humans have hunted, grown food, orWherever humans have hunted, grown food, or

settled, they have changed the environment.settled, they have changed the environment.•• For example, the environmental change thatFor example, the environmental change that

occurred on Manhattan Island over the last 300occurred on Manhattan Island over the last 300years.years.

Our Environment Through TimeOur Environment Through TimeI.I. HunterHunter--GatherersGatherersII.II. Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural RevolutionIII.III. Industrial RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionIV.IV. Technological AgeTechnological Age

HunterHunter--GatherersGatherers**Most of human historyMost of human history*Small migrating groups*Small migrating groups*Burned forest to clear*Burned forest to clear

land to hunt easierland to hunt easier*Spread plants to new*Spread plants to new

areasareas**OverOver--hunting of largehunting of large

game led to extinctionsgame led to extinctions

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution**10,000 yrs ago10,000 yrs ago*human populations*human populations

grew rapidlygrew rapidly*land supports 500 x as*land supports 500 x as

many people asmany people ashunterhunter ––gathering.gathering.

*slash & burn farming*slash & burn farminglead to erosion, floodslead to erosion, floods& poor soil.& poor soil.

**animal & humananimal & humanpowerpower

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution**midmid--17001700’’ss**fossilfossil--fuelsfuels*cheaper factory*cheaper factory

produced goods.produced goods.*fewer farms &*fewer farms &

more urban areas.more urban areas.*cheaper*cheaper

transportation oftransportation ofgoods across longgoods across longdistancesdistances

Spaceship EarthSpaceship Earth

Spaceship EarthSpaceship Earth

•• Earth is aEarth is a closedclosedsystemsystem

Only the sun’senergy enters Earthand heat leaves theEarth. Our otherresources must beprotected becausethey are all we have.

Which of the followingWhich of the followingcomponents of an ecosystemcomponents of an ecosystemare not abiotic factors?are not abiotic factors?

a. winda. windb. small rocksb. small rocksc. sunlightc. sunlightd. tree branchesd. tree branches

Three major types ofThree major types ofenvironmental problemsenvironmental problems

•• Resource DepletionResource Depletion

•• PollutionPollution

•• Loss of biodiversityLoss of biodiversity

Resource DepletionResource Depletion

Natural Resources areNatural Resources area.a. RenewableRenewable –– replaced relatively quicklyreplaced relatively quickly

by natureby natureOROR

b.b. NonrenewableNonrenewable-- forms at a much slowerforms at a much slowerrate than is usedrate than is used

Which of the following pairs ofWhich of the following pairs oforganisms belong to the sameorganisms belong to the samepopulation?population?

a. a dog and a cata. a dog and a catb. a marigold and a geraniumb. a marigold and a geraniumc. a human mother and her childc. a human mother and her childd. a spider and a cockroachd. a spider and a cockroach

This level of organization includes bothThis level of organization includes bothbiotic and abiotic factorsbiotic and abiotic factors

a. populationa. populationb. communityb. communityc. speciesc. speciesd. ecosystemd. ecosystem

Renewable resourcesRenewable resources

Wood

Crops

Water

Sun Animals

Nonrenewable resourcesNonrenewable resources

Minerals

Elements

Fossil Fuels

Think about this?Think about this?

Is a speciesIs a speciesrenewable orrenewable or

nonrenewablenonrenewable????????

Which statement is NOT true aboutWhich statement is NOT true aboutrenewable resources?renewable resources?

a.a. A renewable resource can becomeA renewable resource can becomedepleted.depleted.

b.b. Energy from the sun is a renewableEnergy from the sun is a renewableresource.resource.

c.c. Conservation efforts can help saveConservation efforts can help saverenewable resources in a relativelyrenewable resources in a relativelyshort time by natural processes.short time by natural processes.

d.d. Renewable resources cannot beRenewable resources cannot bereplaced.replaced.

daisy mussels

spidercrab

harbor sealegret

sea star

oriolerightwhale

red-wingedblackbird

puffer

horseshoecrab

clam

sea urchin

cattail

bass

cardinal

screechowl

white-taileddeer

hermit crab

flounderr

raccoon

gull

skate

whelk

rat snake

monarchbutterfly

oak

PollutionPollution

BiodegradableBiodegradable –– can be broken down bycan be broken down bynatural processes.natural processes.Examples: newspaper, food, sewageExamples: newspaper, food, sewage

ORORNondegradableNondegradable-- cannot be broken downcannot be broken down

bybynatural processes.natural processes.Examples: mercury, lead, some plasticsExamples: mercury, lead, some plastics

Loss of BiodiversityLoss of Biodiversity

BiodiversityBiodiversity-- a large number of differenta large number of differentspecies in a given area.species in a given area.

Rainforest are the most diverse areas onRainforest are the most diverse areas onEarth.Earth.

Extinctions are rapidly increasing due toExtinctions are rapidly increasing due tohabitat destruction; thus, biodiversityhabitat destruction; thus, biodiversityis decreasing.is decreasing.

Biodiverse areas

Divide paper into 6 boxes, labelDivide paper into 6 boxes, labelHunter/ gatherers Agricultural IndustrialHunter/ gatherers Agricultural IndustrialMainMaincharacterisiticscharacterisitics::

__________________________________________________________________________Effects onEffects on EnvEnv..

Concept summarizerConcept summarizer

1)1) Write three sentences where you giveWrite three sentences where you giveyouyou’’re opinion as to which one had there opinion as to which one had themost effect on the environment, why domost effect on the environment, why doyou think this, explain.you think this, explain.

oror1)1) Draw a cartoon showing the differencesDraw a cartoon showing the differences

between the three. (use pictures frombetween the three. (use pictures fromyour book and stick figures)your book and stick figures)