England Becomes Protestant & The Tudors

Chapter 1 Part II~ The RenaissancePages 58-60 in text

European royal house of Welsh origin Ruled from 1485 until 1603

Rose to power after The Wars of the Roses wars fought between supporters of two rival branches of

the royal family - the houses of Lancaster (red rose) and York (white rose) for the throne of England

1455 to1485 final victory went to a relatively remote Lancastrian

claimant, Henry Tudor 1st Tudor monarch was Henry VII, became leader after

fighting for it

The Tudors

Broke away from Catholic Church for political & personal

reasons NOT religious reasons

Married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 who was previously married to his brother who died 1502 Had one daughter Mary but no sons Needed one for an heir to throne

Wife was 42 & couldn’t have any more children so Henry VIII wanted a annulment or divorce (they separated in 1531)

Pope denied annulment & divorce wasn’t allowed by Church Catherine’s nephew was Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

Henry VIII, 1491-1547took throne in 1509

Catherine Of

Aragon

1529, Henry asked Parliament to revoke the Pope’s authority in England

1533, secretly married Anne Boleyn who was in her 20’s

1534, Parliament recognized the divorce from Catherine

Act of Supremacy passed which made the King of England the head of England’s church NOT the Pope

Henry then did the following… Closed all English monasteries Seized the money & land of the monasteries

Land was 20% of England’s territory = more power for Henry

AnneOf

Boleyn

Anne gave birth to a girl, Elizabeth Accused of adultery, incest, & treason Imprisoned in the Tower of London Beheaded in 1536 It is said that all charges against her were fabricated

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1537, 3rd wife, Jane Seymour, gave birth to a son named Edward

She died during birth Married 1536 – 10 days after the death of Anne Boleyn She is buried next to Henry VIII

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- He got an annulment from 4th wife, Anne of Cleves – married

1540 Marriage never consummated Only married for 6 months She was never made a queen She outlived Henry & all of his wives

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Beheaded his 5th wife, Catherine Howard

after two years of marriage (1540-1542) treason & adultery

Tower of London

Jane Seymour3rd wife

Anne of Cleves – 4th wife Katherine Howard

1547, Henry dies ~ 6th wife, Catherine Parr She outlives him (marries in 1543)

She had four husbands – Henry was her 3rd

After death (1547) his son Edward VI rules for six years Became King at the age of 9 Died in 1553 at the age of 15

Poison? Disease of the lungs? Tuberculosis?

Protestant religion is very strong during his rule

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1553, Lady Jane Grey (cousin) takes throne for 9 days--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1553, ½ sister Mary I begins rule ~ AKA “Bloody Mary”

1st woman to successfully claim throne of England She was a devout Catholic Returned England’s churches back to the Pope Had Protestants killed ~ 280 burned @ the stake Died in 1558 @ age of 42 from influenza

Married King Philip II of Spain, but no children

Katherine Parr Edward VI

Mary I Mary and her husband, Philip (prince of Spain)

Returned kingdom to Protestant religion Set up national church like the one her father created

Church of England = Anglican Church Only legal church in England Elizabeth was the head of the church EVERYONE required to attend service OR pay a fine

Died in 1603 @ age of 69 Blood poisoning from makeup? Cancer? Old Age?

Never married & no children James VI (cousin of Elizabeth) of Scotland took throne,

son of Mary Queen of Scots (Henry VIII’s sister’s family)

Elizabeth I, 1533-1603

Ruled from 1558-1603

Mary Queen of ScotsJames VI of Scotland / King James I of England

Created so moderate Catholics & moderate

Protestants could both accept it

Priest are allowed to marry

Sermons in English not Latin

Kept the rich/thick material robes & golden crucifixes Book of Common Prayer was revised to be more

acceptable by Catholics

The Anglican Church

Invasion of England by King of Spain, Philip II

wife was Mary I (Bloody Mary) both were Catholic

Reasons…1. Elizabeth supported Protestants who rebelled against

him2. Wanted to restore the “True Faith” to England3. English pirates were attacking Spanish merchant ships

carrying gold and food from the new American colonies

The Spanish Armada

King Philip II of Spain

Spanish Armada consisted of… 130 ships 8,000 sailors 19,000 soldiers

July 29, 1588 the Spanish Armada reached England

English easily defeated the Spanish with the help of bad weather

The Spanish were also ill equipped & didn’t have enough cannons & food