Chapter 1 Lecture Health: The Basics Tenth Edition Accessing Your Health

Chapter 1 Lecture

Health: The BasicsTenth Edition

Accessing YourHealth

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

OBJECTIVES

• Describe the immediate and long-term rewards of healthy behaviors and the effects that your health choices may have on others.

• Discuss what Healthy People 2020 is and the determinants of health that this document aims to influence.

• Compare and contrast the medical model of health and the public health model, and discuss the six dimensions of health and wellness.

• Identify several personal factors that influence your health and classify them as modifiable or nonmodifiable.


OBJECTIVES (cont.)

• Explain how aspects of the social and physical environment influence your health.

• Discuss the importance of global perspective on health, and explain how gender, racial, economic, and cultural factors influence health disparities.

• Compare and contrast the health belief model, the social cognitive model, and the transtheoretical model of behavior change.

• Identify your own current risk behaviors, the factors that influence those behaviors, and the strategies you can use to change them.


Why Health, Why Now?

• Choose health now for immediate benefits.

• Choose health now for long-term benefits.

• Personal choices influence life expectancy.

• Personal choices influence healthy life expectancy.

• Choose health now to benefit others.


Top Ten Reported Impediments to Academic Performance


What Is Health?

• Is health just the absence of disease?

• Is health being in good physical shape and able to resist illness?

• The medical model views health status on both the individual and a biological or diseased organ perspective.

• The public health model views health as a result of the individual's interactions with the social and physical environment.


The Dimensions of Health


Wellness and the Dimensions of Health

• Physical health: body size and functioning • Social health: interpersonal network and

successful interaction with others• Intellectual health: ability to think clearly and

make responsible decisions • Emotional health: ability to express emotions

and maintain a level of self-confidence• Spiritual health: a sense of meaning and

purpose in one's life• Environmental health: appreciation of one's

external environment


Healthy People 2020 Determinants of Health


What Influences Your Health? (cont.)

• Individual behavior: lack of physical activity, poor nutrition, excessive alcohol consumption, tobacco use

• Biology and genetics: genetically inherited traits, conditions, and disposition to diseases

• Social factors: social factors and physical conditions in the environment



• Economic factors: disadvantages include lacking access to quality education; living in poor housing; being unable to pay for nourishing food, clothes, shoes; not being able to afford utilities, medications, etc.– Having insecure employment, or being stuck

in a low-paying job with few benefits– Having few assets to fall back on



• The built environment – improvements proposed include sidewalks, bike lanes as part of every federally funded road project– Availability of supermarkets selling fresh

foods instead of side-by-side fast-food outlets in inner-city neighborhoods

– Pollutants and infectious agents in the air we breathe, our land, water, and food


The Built Environment



• Policymaking – policies that ban smoking, laws mandating seat belt use in vehicles and helmets on bikes, policies that require you to be vaccinated before enrolling in classes, and laws that prohibit drinking and driving and cell phone use while driving



• Health services – access to quality health care, including counseling and mental health services; access to information and products such as eyeglasses

• Health disparities – defined as preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health


How Can You Improve Your Health Behaviors?

• Change is not easy.

• To successfully change a behavior, you need to see change as a process that requires preparation, has several steps or stages, and takes time to succeed.


Models of Behavior Change

• Three different types– The health belief model– The social cognitive model– The transtheoretical model


The Health Belief Model

• Developed by Rosenstock in 1966

• Health behavior change is more likely if– There is a perceived seriousness of the health

problem– There is a perceived susceptibility to the

health problem– There are cues to action


Social Cognitive Model


Social Cognitive Model

• Three factors interact in a reciprocal fashion to promote behavior change– Social environment in which we live– Our inner thoughts and feelings– Our behaviors– We change our behavior in part by observing

models in our environment.


Transtheoretical Model

• Precontemplation stage

• Contemplation stage

• Preparation stage

• Action stage

• Maintenance stage

• Termination stage


Steps to Behavior Change

Step 1: Increase your awareness

Step 2: Contemplate change

- Identify a target behavior

- Learn more about the target behavior

- Assess your motivation and readiness to change

- Develop self-efficacy and cultivate an internal locus of control


Steps to Behavior Change (cont.)

Step 3: Prepare for change– Set a realistic goal: a realistic goal is one that you

truly can achieve.

• Anticipate barriers to change that may include– Overambitious goals– Self-defeating beliefs and attitudes– Failing to accurately assess your current state of

wellness– Lack of support and guidance– Emotions that sabotage your efforts and sap your will



• Use the SMART System– Unsuccessful goals are vague, open-ended;

successful goals are SMART.

• Specific

• Measurable

• Action-oriented

• Realistic

• Time-oriented



Enlist Others as Change Agents• The social-cognitive model recognizes the

importance of social contacts, including watching others change successfully (modeling).– Family members– Friends– Professionals– A signed contract



Step 4: Take action to change• Visualize the new behavior• Learn to counter by substituting a desired

behavior for an undesired behavior• Control the situation• Change your self-talk• Reward yourself• Journal



Let's Get Started!

• After acquiring the skills to support successful behavior change, you're ready to apply those skills to your target behavior.

• Place your behavior change contract where you will see it every day.

• Review the contract to help you stay alert to potential problems, aware of alternatives, and to maintain a firm sense of values.

Documents

Chapter 1 Lecture Health: The Basics Tenth Edition Accessing Your Health