Chapter 1: Introduction to the PABS Core Standard

1. Introduction

1.1 Chapter 1

Introduction to the Positive Approaches to Behaviour Support Core

Standard

Notes:

Welcome to the Positive Approaches to Behaviour Support Core Standard, which is part of the Practice Improvement Framework.

1.2 Course Content Outline

Notes:

This elearning module covers Chapter 1 of 5 Chapters of the Positive Approaches to Behaviour Support Core Standard.

1.3 Chapter Learning Outcomes

Notes:

Before you move on, take a look at the learning objectives for this chapter.

1.4 Introduction

Notes:

The Positive Approaches to Behaviour Support framework promotes the development of services that align to these five requirements.

1.5 1. Assessment and Intervention Framework

Notes:

This is a visual representation of the assessment and intervention framework for positive behaviour support. This framework is a circular, rather than a linear process. This allows for ongoing assessment, re-evaluation, continued development and reshaping of intervention while the person with a disability is working towards achievement of identified intervention objectives. This model will be explained in greater detail as you move through the chapters of the elearning module.

1.6 Defining behaviour(s) of concern

Notes:

Behaviours of concern or responses to behaviours of concern can have a significant negative impact on the person’s dignity and health, as well as their quality of life, lifestyle, personal relationships and wider social networks.

1.7 A brief history of behaviour support approaches

Notes:

This is a brief review of the history of behaviour support and how it has evolved over the years to become what it is today - an approach that advocates for and promotes positive behaviour support principles that are grounded in evidence based practice.

1.8 Theoretical underpinnings of the positive behaviour support approach

Notes:

Learning theory or behaviour theory is the dominant framework that has guided the development of positive behaviour support programs. Based on this theory, behaviour is a learned response to situations and is influenced by personal, environment and historical factors. You are now going to take a more detailed look at the bio-psycho-social model and applied behaviour analysis which are based upon the central tenets of Learning theory.

Bio (Slide Layer)

ABA (Slide Layer)

1.9 Activity

(Drag and Drop, 10 points, 1 attempt permitted)

Drag Item Drop Target

Behavioural Phenotypes B

Social Support S

Brain Function B

Core Beliefs P

Illness B

Disability B

Genetics B

Religious Beliefs S

Self-esteem P

World view P

Coping Strategies P

Friendships S

Cultural Beliefs S

Mental Health P

Socioeconomic Status S

Attachment Style P

Hormones B

Isolation S

Drag and drop properties

Snap dropped items to drop target (Free)

Delay item drop states until interaction is submitted

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Layer)

Not Quite - The correct response is below. Click next to continue. (Slide Layer)

1.10 2. Behaviour Support: Policy and Practice Manual

Notes:

Clinical Innovation and Governance, formerly the Office of the Senior Practitioner, designed the Behaviour Support: Policy and Practice Manual (2009) to provide a practical resource for the development of consistent support and intervention practices that are of a high quality and adhere to relevant departmental policies and procedures as well as legislative standards.

The two parts of the Manual are illustrated here. Select each image to download the corresponding part of the manual. The content of the policy and practice manual will be referred to throughout this module. Please note the policy was updated in March 2012 and those revisions are available on the ADHC website.

1.11 Conditions for provision of service

Notes:

Behaviour support services may be appropriate in these situations.

1.12 Conditions for provision of service

Notes:

Select each icon to learn the requirements for providing behaviour support.

1.13 Activity

(Matching Drop-down, 10 points, 1 attempt permitted)

Correct Choice

Informed ______ is required from the person

with the disability, or person responsible prior

to service commences.

CONSENT

A service ______ outlines the work, roles and

responsibilities for meeting identified goals

within an agreed timeframe.

AGREEMENT

The primary focus of the intervention should

be on this.

PREVENTION

Needs to be provided to all people who are to

implement the behaviour support strategies.

TRAINING

A screening of this function should be

conducted as difficulties in this area are linked

COMMUNICATION

with behaviours of concern.

Required from the behaviour support

practitioner who is responsible for the

provision of the service.

ENDORSEMENT

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1.14 Roles and Responsibilities

Notes:

In the provision of behaviour support there are often a number of people involved who take on various roles and responsibilities in the overall behaviour support system. Click each button to find out more about each groups roles and responsibilities within the current continuum of behaviour support.

In August 2001, the Federal Government announced the National Disability Insurance Scheme

(NDIS) for all Australians with a disability. For service providers in both the government and non-government sector this means that the way in which behaviour support services are delivered may change. The NDIS is being rolled out across NSW from 2014.

Directcarers (Slide Layer)

CST/LRC (Slide Layer)

RBIT (Slide Layer)

SBIS (Slide Layer)

1.15 Stages in Behaviour Support

Notes:

Now that you have learnt about the various roles and responsibilities of the behaviour support practitioners, it is time to look at the referral process. As outlined in the Behaviour Support: Policy and Practice Manual, a referral is called a ‘Service Request’. In general, a service request for behaviour support moves through consecutive stages.

1.16 3. Categories of Practice

Notes:

Behaviour support practitioners have a responsibility to provide behaviour support services that protect people with a disability from exploitation, abuse, neglect and unlawful and degrading treatment. Consequently positive approaches to behaviour support are promoted to enhance the person’s quality of life and minimise behaviours of concern. Behaviour support strategies fall into three categories of practice that may at times be appropriate, and a fourth category that is never appropriate. Click on each category for further information.

Positive (Slide Layer)

Restrictive (Slide Layer)

Restricted (Slide Layer)

Prohibited (Slide Layer)

1.17 Legislation Requirements

Notes:

In addition, the Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Regulation (2012) requires that an organisation’s behaviour management policy includes a ban on corporal punishment , any form of immobilisation, force-feeding or depriving of food; and any punishment that will humiliate or frighten a child or young person.

1.18 4. Behaviour Assessment and Analysis

Notes:

Now it is time for you to be introduced to the behaviour assessment and analysis processes, which are pivotal in any positive behaviour support work.

As a behaviour support practitioner, you should remain aware that behaviour support may be provided with varying degrees of intensity and intrusion. In general, the least intrusion required, in order to achieve the best outcome for the person with a disability and their family is the preferred option.

It is also important to be responsive to the need to strike a balance between professional rigour and timely intervention. This is especially important where there are issues of risk management.

1.19 Contextual Factors

Notes:

A comprehensive and timely assessment of support needs must include consideration of the impact that contextual factors may have on the life of a person with a disability and how those factors may be interlinked. With this in mind, the following contextual variables should be considered as part of an assessment and analysis of the person’s behaviour support needs.

1.20 Behaviour Support Planning

Notes:

Once you have completed the behaviour assessment and analysis processes, you need to focus our attention on the development and implementation of the BSP.

1 (Slide Layer)

2 (Slide Layer)

1.21 Behaviour Support Planning

Notes:

The Behaviour Support: Policy and Practice Manual clearly states that providers of behaviour support services should provide training in the implementation of any recommended support strategies in order to ensure that positive outcomes are achieved and maintained over time.

1.22 Monitoring and Reviewing

Notes:

The monitoring phase of the positive behaviour support framework follows on directly from implementation training and involves ongoing checking of any implementation issues that arise.

The review phase involves the collection of information on the effectiveness of the various strategies that are being used to address the behaviours of concern.

1.23 Summary

Notes:

This introductory chapter has covered the following:

1.24 Quiz

Notes:

Now it’s time to complete the quiz to check your progress.

1.25 Question

(Multiple Response, 10 points, 1 attempt permitted)

Correct Choice

X It is a scientific approach to discovering environmental variables that reliably

influence socially significant behaviour and for developing a technology of

behaviour change.

It is an approach deeply rooted in Behaviour Theory, and as such only considers

behaviour in terms of cause and effect without external environmental influences.

X It is an approach that considers behaviours in the context of antecedent events

and that learning of consequences or outcomes, influences the performance of

behaviour.

X It is an approach that recognises as a central tenet that the environment a person

lives in profoundly affects his or her behaviour.

It is a scientific approach that can only be considered in a controlled clinical

setting.

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1.26 Question

(Multiple Response, 10 points, 1 attempt permitted)

Correct Choice

It draws on principles and practice methods that are exclusive to psychology.

X It promotes approaches that are based on comprehensive assessment and

analysis of behaviour in a whole-of-life context.

It promotes an environment that first and foremost is safety driven, as this always

takes priority before the person’s individual lifestyle goals.

X It promotes services that are person-centred, incorporating what can be learned

about the person’s lifestyle, skills, relationships, preferences, aspirations, and

other significant characteristics.

X It promotes interventions that are outcome-focused, ensuring that the support

adequately addresses the changing needs of the person with a disability.

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1.27 Question

(Multiple Choice, 10 points, 1 attempt permitted)

Correct Choice

X Behaviour Theory

Cognitive Theory

Attachment Theory

Psychodynamic Theory

Family Systems Theory

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1.28 Question

(Multiple Choice, 10 points, 1 attempt permitted)

Correct Choice

Alternative Behaviour Adaptation

Applied Behaviour Articulation

Adaptive Behaviour Analysis

X Applied Behaviour Analysis

Adaptive Behaviour Assessment

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1.29 Question

(Multiple Response, 10 points, 1 attempt permitted)

Correct Choice

Investigating relationship dynamics that are likely to maintain behaviours.

X Demonstrating a reliable relationship between interventions and behavioural

improvements.

X Intervening to improve the target behaviour.

The person’s attachment patterns and their role in the development and

maintenance of behaviour of concern.

X Use of the methods of scientific inquiry - objective description, quantification, and

controlled experimentation.

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1.30 Question

(Multiple Response, 10 points, 1 attempt permitted)

Correct Choice

X The person’s support needs and brief background to who they are.

The circumstances aversive strategies can be used.

X The function served by the behaviour of concern.

X The rationale behind the strategy and the goals or outcomes linked to the

strategy.

The intricate details of the Behaviour Assessment Report.

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1.31 Question

(Multiple Response, 10 points, 1 attempt permitted)

Correct Choice

A summary of the Behaviour Assessment Report.

X Realistic, measurable and person-centred goals based on a comprehensive

Behaviour Assessment Report (BAR).

X Positive support strategies that address the identified goals of the intervention

with clear timelines and outcome indicators identified and a schedule for review.

A detailed background about the person with a disability and their developmental

history.

X Response strategies and protocols and clearly stated roles and responsibilities for

effective implementation of these and the positive support strategies.

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1.32 Question

(Multiple Response, 10 points, 1 attempt permitted)

Correct Choice

X Practices that are holistic, person-centred, skill-based and non-aversive in nature.

Any practice that has a positive outcome.

X Practices that are reflective of current methods of good practice.

Practices that do not require consent from the person with legal authority due to

the positive nature of them.

X Subject to regular monitoring and review.

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1.33 Question

(Multiple Response, 10 points, 1 attempt permitted)

Correct Choice

X This model considers the behaviour of concern from a holistic perspective.

X The biological component seeks to understand how the cause of the person’s

behaviour of concern may have an intra-specific origin from the functioning of the

person’s body.

The psychological component is mainly concerned with pre-existing psychiatric

conditions that maintain the behaviour.

X The social component investigates how different social factors, such as

socioeconomic status and culture can influence health.

X The three domains of the bio-psycho-social model are all important, as they

interact with each other.

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1.34 Question

(Multiple Response, 10 points, 1 attempt permitted)

Correct Choice

A single-theory underpinning philosophy

A disciplinary specific approach to behaviour support.

X A whole-of-life intervention.

X Person centred planning and strength focused interventions.

X A multi-disciplinary approach to positive behaviour support.

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1.35 Results Slide

(Results Slide, 0 points, 1 attempt permitted)

Results for

1.25 Question

1.26 Question

1.27 Question

1.28 Question

1.29 Question

1.30 Question

1.31 Question

1.32 Question

1.33 Question

1.34 Question

Result slide properties

Passing Score 100%

Notes:

Here are your results.

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Failure (Slide Layer)

1.36 End of Chapter 1

Notes:

Thank you for completing Chapter 1 - An Introduction to the Positive Approaches to Behaviour Support Core Standard.

In the next chapter, you will learn about crisis and risk management which is the first phase of the behaviour support process.