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Chapter 1: Introduction Modeling in 3-D is the process of creating a mathematical representation of an object's surfaces. The resulting model is displayed on your screen as a two-dimensional image. Rhino provides tools for creating, displaying, and manipulating these surfaces. The Rhino interface The image below illustrates some of the major features of the Rhino window. Menu (1) The menus group Rhino commands by function. History window (2) The command history window displays the previous commands and prompts. Command prompt (3) The command prompt displays prompts for the current command actions, options for the command that you can click, and allows typing command names and options. Toolbars (4) Toolbars contain graphical icon buttons for initiating commands. Many toolbar icon buttons have a second command that you can access by right-clicking the button. The tooltip that appears when you hover over the button tells you what the left and right mouse button do. To access the command on the first line 4 Click the icon with the left mouse button. To access the command on the second line 4 Click the button with the right mouse button. 3

Chapter 1 - Introduction

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  • Chapter 1: Introduction

    Modelingin3-Distheprocessofcreatingamathematicalrepresentationofanobject'ssurfaces.Theresultingmodelisdisplayedonyourscreenasatwo-dimensionalimage.Rhinoprovidestoolsforcreating,displaying,andmanipulatingthesesurfaces.

    The Rhino interfaceTheimagebelowillustratessomeofthemajorfeaturesoftheRhinowindow.

    Menu (1)ThemenusgroupRhinocommandsbyfunction.

    History window (2)Thecommandhistorywindowdisplaysthepreviouscommandsandprompts.

    Command prompt (3)Thecommandpromptdisplayspromptsforthecurrentcommandactions,optionsforthecommandthatyoucanclick,andallowstypingcommandnamesandoptions.

    Toolbars (4)Toolbarscontaingraphicaliconbuttonsforinitiatingcommands.Manytoolbariconbuttonshaveasecondcommandthatyoucanaccessbyright-clickingthebutton.Thetooltipthatappearswhenyouhoveroverthebuttontellsyouwhattheleftandrightmousebuttondo.

    To access the command on the first line4 Clicktheiconwiththeleft mouse button.

    To access the command on the second line4 Clickthebuttonwiththeright mouse button.

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  • Chapter 1: Introduction

    Viewports (5)ViewportsdisplaytheRhinoworkingenvironment.

    Panels (6)Tabbedpanelscontainslayers,properties,andothersettings.

    Rhino commandsRhinoisacommand drivenprogram.Inotherwords,allactionsareactivatedbynamedcommandssuchasLine,Box,orCurvatureAnalysis.

    Tip:Toreadmoreaboutacommand,clickthered,underlinedcommandnamelink.

    Commandsareaccessedthroughthemenus,orthetoolbars,orbytypingthecommandname.Inthenextsections,youwillexploreusingthesemethods.Youmayfindonemethodeasierthananother.Thechoiceisyours,andthereisnopreferenceforonemethodoveranother.

    Intheexercises,youwilluseRhinoscommands,navigationtools,shadedmodes,render,andusesomebasicobjectmanipulation.

    Tip:Tocancelacommandanytime,presstheEsckey.

    In this session you will4 Startacommandbychoosingfromthemenu.4 Startacommandbychoosingfromatoolbarbutton.4 Startacommandbytyping.

    To start your first Rhino model1. StartRhino.2. OntheFilemenu,clickNew.3. IntheOpen Template Filedialogbox,selectSmallObjects - centimeters.3dmandclickOpen.

    Start from the menuMostRhinocommandsarearrangedinthemenus.

    Start the Cone command4 OntheSolidmenu,clickCone.

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  • Chapter 1: Introduction

    Draw the cone1. AttheBase of coneprompt,intheTopviewport,clickwiththemousetopickthecenterpointfor

    thebaseofthecone.

    2. AttheRadiusprompt,intheTopviewport,dragthemouseandclicktodrawtheconesbase.

    3. AttheEnd of coneprompt,intheFrontviewport,dragthemouseandclicktodrawtheconespoint.

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  • Chapter 1: Introduction

    4. WatchwhathappensinthePerspectiveviewport.

    Start from a toolbar buttonToolbarsprovideagraphicalinterfacetothecommands.

    To display a button tooltip, hover your mouse over the button4 Thecommandnamesthatareactivatedwiththeleftandrightmouseclicksdisplay.

    Start the Curve command4 OnthetoolbardockedontheleftsideoftheRhinowindow,clicktheiconforControl point curve.

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  • Chapter 1: Introduction

    Draw the curve1. AttheStart of curveprompt,intheTopviewport,clickthemousetostartthecurve.2. AttheNext point...prompts,clickafewmorepointsintheTopviewport.

    3. AttheNext point...prompts,movethemouseintotheFrontviewportandclickafewmorepoints.

    4. AttheNext point...prompts,movethemouseintotheRightviewportandclickafewmorepoints.

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  • Chapter 1: Introduction

    5. Right-click,pressEnterorpressthespacebartocompletethecurve.6. CheckoutthePerspectiveviewport.

    Admire your work4 DragwiththerightmousebuttontorotatethePerspectiveview.

    Start from the command lineYoucanstartacommandbytypingthecommandname.

    Start the Sphere command by typing4 Clickatthecommandprompt,andtypeSphere.

    Whenyoutypethefirstlettersofacommand,alistofpossiblecommandsappears.Themostlikelycandidateauto-completes.WhenthecommandnameSphereappears,pressEnter,orchooseSphere fromthelist.ThedefaultoptionfortheSpherecommandisCenter, Radius,soyoucansimplystartdrawingthecenterofthesphere.

    Draw the sphere1. AttheCenter of sphereprompt,inthePerspectiveviewport,clickthemousetopickthecenter

    pointforthesphere.

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  • Chapter 1: Introduction

    2. AttheRadiusprompt,inthePerspectiveviewport,movethemouseawayfromthecenterpoint,andclickthemousetodrawthesphereandclick.

    3. InthePerspectiveviewport,clickthedown-arrowontheviewport title,andonthemenu,clickShaded.

    Undo a mistakeIfyoudidsomethingyoudidnotwanttodo,youcanundoyouractions.

    Undo a command4 OntheEditmenu,clickUndo,orpresstheCtrl and Zkeys.

    Youcanundoaseriesofcommands.YoucanalsoRedotheUndoifyougotoofar.

    Redo commands4 OntheEditmenu,clickRedo,orpresstheCtrl and Ykeys.

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  • Chapter 1: Introduction

    The command windowThecommandwindowcontainsthecommandhistoryandthecommandprompt.ThewindowisnormallydockedatthetopoftheRhinowindow,butyoucandockitatthebottomofthescreenorfloatitjustlikeanytoolbar.Itisagoodideatodragthewindowsoitdisplaysatleastthreelinesoftext.Thecommand promptiswhereyoucantypecommandnames,setoptions,enterdistancesandanglesfordrawing,andreadthepromptsforthecommands.Thecommandpromptdisplaysoptionsforthecommandinparentheses.Toactivateanoption,clicktheoptionwiththemouseortypetheoptionnameortheunderlinedletterintheoption.Optionsgiveyoualternatemethodsforusingthecommand.Promptsaremessagestoyoutoselectobjectstoacton,toenterinformation,ortoenterapointonthescreen.Asyoustarttobuildobjects,promptsbecomeincreasinglyimportant,sincetheytellyouwhattodonext.

    Command optionsCommandoptionschangehowacommandacts.Forexample,whenyoudrawacircle,thecircleisnormallydrawnontheactiveconstructionplane.TheCirclecommandhasseveraloptionsincludingVerticalandAroundCurve.Commandoptionsappearinparenthesesattheprompt.Touseacommandoption,clicktheoptionname,ortypetheunderlinedletteroftheoptionorthewholeoptionname.

    Choose a command option1. Atthecommandprompt,typeCircle.

    Assoonasyouhavetypedenoughletterstouniquelyidentifythecommand,theCirclecommandautomaticallycompletesattheprompt.PressEnterorclickthecommandname.

    2. TheoptionsfortheCirclecommandappear:Center of circle(DeformableVertical2Point3PointTangentAroundCurveFitPoints)

    3. Todrawacircleverticaltotheactiveconstructionplane,usetheVerticaloption.ClickVertical,ortypeV.

    Repeat the last commandManytasksinRhinoarerepetitive.Youmightwanttomoveorcopyseveralobjects,forexample.Methodsforrepeatingcommandsareprovided.

    To repeat the last command4 PresstheEnterkeywhennocommandisactive.4 InadditiontopressingtheEnterkeyonyourkeyboard,youcanpresstheSpacebarorclickthe

    right mouse buttoninaviewport.Theseallperformthesamefunction.

    Note:Somecommands,suchasUndoandDeletedonotrepeat.Instead,thecommandpriortothesecommandsisrepeated.Thispreventsyoufromaccidentallyundoingtoomanycommandsordeletingobjectsaccidentally.Inaddition,youoftenwanttorepeatthecommandyouwereusingbeforeundoingamistake.Youcandefinethelistofcommandsthatdonotrepeattosuityourownwayofworking.

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  • Chapter 1: Introduction

    Get help any timeTheRhino Helpfileisthemajorresourcefordetailedinformationonspecificcommands.

    To get help on a specific command4 TogetHelpforacommand,pressF1whilethecommandisrunning.4 OntheHelpmenu,clickCommand Help.

    TheRhinoHelpwilldisplayinadockablewindow.ClickAuto-UpdatetodisplaytheHelptopicforthecurrentcommand.TheHelpwindowappearswiththespecificcommandtopicvisible.4 GotoRhino Helpforthemostup-to-dateHelpinformation.4 Findtheanswerstofrequentlyaskedquestionsat:Rhino Support.

    Tip:Formoreinformationaboutthemathematicalprinciplesinvolvedin3-Dmodeling,see:www.mathopenref.com.

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