Chapter 1- CivicsChapter 1- Civics

What is Civics?What is Civics?

Section One: Government of the People, by

the People, for the People

Section One: Government of the People, by

the People, for the People

• Civics- the study of citizenship and government.

The Purpose of Government• Make laws• Provide Services• Keep Order

• Civics- the study of citizenship and government.

The Purpose of Government• Make laws• Provide Services• Keep Order

What Governments DoWhat Governments Do

• Earliest government was Sumerians over 5,000 years ago.

• Laws• Armed Services, Police, and Fire

Depts..• Education• Health Facilities• Road Construction

• Earliest government was Sumerians over 5,000 years ago.

• Laws• Armed Services, Police, and Fire

Depts..• Education• Health Facilities• Road Construction

Levels of GovernmentLevels of Government

National Government• Highest level of authority over citizens• Provides basic framework for

citizenship

Citizenship• Sharing of history and beliefs with the

rest of the country’s citizens

National Government• Highest level of authority over citizens• Provides basic framework for

citizenship

Citizenship• Sharing of history and beliefs with the

rest of the country’s citizens

Dictatorship and Democracy

Dictatorship and Democracy

• What is a dictatorship?

• Can you think of any dictators in history?

• Democracy vs. Dictatorship

• What is a dictatorship?

• Can you think of any dictators in history?

• Democracy vs. Dictatorship

DictatorsDictators

Two Kinds of DemocracyTwo Kinds of Democracy

Direct DemocracyVS

Representative Democracy

• What’s the difference?

Direct DemocracyVS

Representative Democracy

• What’s the difference?

How Citizens Influence Government

How Citizens Influence Government

• Electing of representatives to the national government– Senators, President and Vice

President, members of the House of Representatives, etc.

• Political Party Affiliations– Joining with like affiliations help the

government and other Americans to listen to issues

• Electing of representatives to the national government– Senators, President and Vice

President, members of the House of Representatives, etc.

• Political Party Affiliations– Joining with like affiliations help the

government and other Americans to listen to issues

Three Points About American DemocracyThree Points About

American Democracy“government of the people, by the people,

for the people” - Abraham Lincoln (excerpt from Gettysburg Address)

1. Power of government comes from the people

2. American people through representatives run their government

3. The purpose of the government is to make the US a better place for people to live

“government of the people, by the people, for the people” - Abraham Lincoln (excerpt from Gettysburg Address)

1. Power of government comes from the people

2. American people through representatives run their government

3. The purpose of the government is to make the US a better place for people to live

Section Two:We The PeopleSection Two:

We The PeopleCitizens by Birth• Those born in the United States are

automatically considered citizens of the US• Even in American territories such as Guam and

Puerto Rico

• If the parent of the child is a non-American citizen, their citizenship does not change with their child’s birth

• However, an exception to this rule is that a child born to official representatives of a foreign government are considered citizens of their parent's country

Citizens by Birth• Those born in the United States are

automatically considered citizens of the US• Even in American territories such as Guam and

Puerto Rico

• If the parent of the child is a non-American citizen, their citizenship does not change with their child’s birth

• However, an exception to this rule is that a child born to official representatives of a foreign government are considered citizens of their parent's country

Illegal and Legal AliensIllegal and Legal Aliens

What are those who have not become citizens called?

What is the name for those who have the intention of living here permanently?

Do these people have to do anything before they settle down?

What are those who have not become citizens called?

What is the name for those who have the intention of living here permanently?

Do these people have to do anything before they settle down?

IdentificationIdentification

Restrictions on Immigrants

Restrictions on Immigrants

• Millions of people apply, however only a few hundred thousand are granted permission to immigrate

• People who fall into special categories receive preference• Ex. Relatives of citizens or people

with special talents or job skills

• Millions of people apply, however only a few hundred thousand are granted permission to immigrate

• People who fall into special categories receive preference• Ex. Relatives of citizens or people

with special talents or job skills

The Legal Immigration Revision Act

The Legal Immigration Revision Act

• In 1990 it made major changes in immigration policy

• Increased the number of immigrants allowed to enter the US each year

• Granted special consideration to people with needed job skills or with money to invest in our economy

• Allowed increased immigrants from Europe and other nations

• Eased restrictions based on political beliefs

• In 1990 it made major changes in immigration policy

• Increased the number of immigrants allowed to enter the US each year

• Granted special consideration to people with needed job skills or with money to invest in our economy

• Allowed increased immigrants from Europe and other nations

• Eased restrictions based on political beliefs

Illegal AliensIllegal Aliens

• How did this happen?• Refused permission • Never applied• Came as temporary visitors but

never left• Sneaking across borders

*as of April 2008, 20 million illegal aliens in US*• Life is hard for illegal aliens• Deportation

• How did this happen?• Refused permission • Never applied• Came as temporary visitors but

never left• Sneaking across borders

*as of April 2008, 20 million illegal aliens in US*• Life is hard for illegal aliens• Deportation

Legal AliensLegal Aliens

• Not very different from the lives of American citizens

• They may hold jobs, own property, attend school, and travel throughout the United States

• Like any other American citizen, they must pay taxes and obey the laws

• Not very different from the lives of American citizens

• They may hold jobs, own property, attend school, and travel throughout the United States

• Like any other American citizen, they must pay taxes and obey the laws

Legal AlienLegal Alien

Things Legal Immigrants Can’t Do

Things Legal Immigrants Can’t Do

• May not vote in any political elections or run for political office

• May not work in most governmental jobs

*Aliens are required to carry identification cards at all times

• May not vote in any political elections or run for political office

• May not work in most governmental jobs

*Aliens are required to carry identification cards at all times

NaturalizationNaturalization

• Naturalization? What is it?• Beginning Naturalization• Declaration of Intention• Must live in in the US for 5 years before they

move on• Must take special classes to prepare for

citizenship• English language, American history, and civics• Must demonstrate basic knowledge in all three areas

• Immigration and Naturalization Service

• Naturalization? What is it?• Beginning Naturalization• Declaration of Intention• Must live in in the US for 5 years before they

move on• Must take special classes to prepare for

citizenship• English language, American history, and civics• Must demonstrate basic knowledge in all three areas

• Immigration and Naturalization Service

The Final StepsThe Final Steps

1. Immigration examiner2. Court appearance to take oath

of loyalty to the United States3. Immigrant becomes official

citizen*if immigrant has children under 18 they are automatically naturalized citizens as well

Test

1. Immigration examiner2. Court appearance to take oath

of loyalty to the United States3. Immigrant becomes official

citizen*if immigrant has children under 18 they are automatically naturalized citizens as well

Test

Yes I Did It!Yes I Did It!

Loss of CitizenshipLoss of Citizenship

• Becoming a naturalized citizen in another country

• Threatening to over throw government

• Serving in armed forces of another country

• Becoming a naturalized citizen in another country

• Threatening to over throw government

• Serving in armed forces of another country

Section Three:Who Are Americans?

Section Three:Who Are Americans?

• What is a census?• Why is it important?• What is the name of the agency that

does a census?• How do they conduct census?• 10 years?• What kind of questions do they ask?

• What is a census?• Why is it important?• What is the name of the agency that

does a census?• How do they conduct census?• 10 years?• What kind of questions do they ask?

Changes in ImmigrationChanges in Immigration

• “A Nation of Immigrants”• Native Americans?

• “A Nation of Immigrants”• Native Americans?

Early European SettlersEarly European Settlers

• 1500’s-Spain- the search for gold and riches (Florida, Texas, California)

• 1600’s-France and England• France- Canada and Louisiana• England-13 colonies

• Late 1600’s and 1700’s-Germany, Netherlands, Ireland, Scotland, and Sweden• Joined English settlers

• 1500’s-Spain- the search for gold and riches (Florida, Texas, California)

• 1600’s-France and England• France- Canada and Louisiana• England-13 colonies

• Late 1600’s and 1700’s-Germany, Netherlands, Ireland, Scotland, and Sweden• Joined English settlers

Other ImmigrantsOther Immigrants

• Africans• Did not come willingly• Came as slaves

• By 1776 only 60% of 13 colonies were of English descent

• As expansion westward occurred, earlier cultures (Spanish, French, and Native American) entered the cultural mix

• Africans• Did not come willingly• Came as slaves

• By 1776 only 60% of 13 colonies were of English descent

• As expansion westward occurred, earlier cultures (Spanish, French, and Native American) entered the cultural mix

The Great ImmigrationThe Great Immigration

• Land of opportunity• 1830’s- 600,000 immigrants• German, English, Irish

• 1850’s- over 2 million immigrants• Between 1860 and 1890- more

than 10 million Europeans• Many from Norway, Sweden, and

Denmark

• Land of opportunity• 1830’s- 600,000 immigrants• German, English, Irish

• 1850’s- over 2 million immigrants• Between 1860 and 1890- more

than 10 million Europeans• Many from Norway, Sweden, and

Denmark

The Great MigrationThe Great Migration

• Most Americans welcomed new arrivals• By the mid 1800’s, people began to

worry• Why?• Restrictions?

• Between 1890 and 1930, 22 million people entered the US• Central and Eastern Europe

(Greece,Poland,Russia)

• Laws of 1920• Quotas?• Slowed immigrants

• Most Americans welcomed new arrivals• By the mid 1800’s, people began to

worry• Why?• Restrictions?

• Between 1890 and 1930, 22 million people entered the US• Central and Eastern Europe

(Greece,Poland,Russia)

• Laws of 1920• Quotas?• Slowed immigrants

Immigration TodayImmigration Today

• 1.3 million immigrants became residents in 2006

• Exception is refugees• What are refugees?

• United States- The Melting Pot

• 1.3 million immigrants became residents in 2006

• Exception is refugees• What are refugees?

• United States- The Melting Pot

Growth of United States Population

Growth of United States Population

• Population growth not entirely due to immigration

• Due largely to Americans having many children

• Population grew from 12 million in 1830 to 120 million in 1930• 40 million were immigrants

• Large families common

• Population growth not entirely due to immigration

• Due largely to Americans having many children

• Population grew from 12 million in 1830 to 120 million in 1930• 40 million were immigrants

• Large families common

Why Large FamiliesWhy Large Families

• Families needed as much help as possible to survive• Especially on farms, where most people

lived

• What did children do to help• Household chores• Work on family farms• Bring in additional money from outside

jobs

• Families needed as much help as possible to survive• Especially on farms, where most people

lived

• What did children do to help• Household chores• Work on family farms• Bring in additional money from outside

jobs

Families Get SmallerFamilies Get Smaller

• Modern life gets automated (Factories)• Fewer people live on farms• Large families become less important

• Birthrate has dropped steadily throughout the 1900s

• Even though population today has increased, it is looked at as the slowest in our nations history

• Modern life gets automated (Factories)• Fewer people live on farms• Large families become less important

• Birthrate has dropped steadily throughout the 1900s

• Even though population today has increased, it is looked at as the slowest in our nations history

Shifts in American Population

Shifts in American Population

• 1st Shift came in the mid-1800’s• Americans move from rural areas to

cities• This was due to employment• Manufacturing, transportation, sales,

etc.

• Small towns become smaller as cities get larger

• 1st Shift came in the mid-1800’s• Americans move from rural areas to

cities• This was due to employment• Manufacturing, transportation, sales,

etc.

• Small towns become smaller as cities get larger

Shifts in American Population

Shifts in American Population

• 2nd Shift was the Freed Slaves• African Americans head for cities• Migration?• Head North

• 2nd Shift was the Freed Slaves• African Americans head for cities• Migration?• Head North

Shift to the SunbeltShift to the Sunbelt

• Population shift that began in the 1970’s• Migration to the western and southern parts of

the country• These regions have grown rapidly

• Places like Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Georgia,and Florida

• This is due to overcrowding in the industrial North

• New York used to be most populated state• Today California #1• Texas #2

• Population shift that began in the 1970’s• Migration to the western and southern parts of

the country• These regions have grown rapidly

• Places like Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Georgia,and Florida

• This is due to overcrowding in the industrial North

• New York used to be most populated state• Today California #1• Texas #2

Population ShiftsPopulation Shifts

Urban ShiftsUrban Shifts

• Older cities have lost population• Younger cities have grown• Residential areas of New York, Chicago,

Detroit, and other Northeast or Midwest cities have deteriorated as a result of population loss

• It is hard to find decent housing at affordable prices

• People have been moving to suburbs• Suburbs?• Metropolitan areas?

• Older cities have lost population• Younger cities have grown• Residential areas of New York, Chicago,

Detroit, and other Northeast or Midwest cities have deteriorated as a result of population loss

• It is hard to find decent housing at affordable prices

• People have been moving to suburbs• Suburbs?• Metropolitan areas?

Urban ShiftsUrban Shifts

A Changing NationA Changing Nation

• Americans are living longer• More elderly and retired Americans

then before• Why is this?

• Women are taking jobs outside the home• 40% of all business owners are women

• America is constantly changing• What changes can you think of?

• Americans are living longer• More elderly and retired Americans

then before• Why is this?

• Women are taking jobs outside the home• 40% of all business owners are women

• America is constantly changing• What changes can you think of?