Chapter 1 Biologi

8/8/2019 Chapter 1 Biologi

1/14

BYBYBYBYMOHD HAMIDI BIN MOHD NOOR

SMK TRIANG

VARIOUS WAYS OF STUDYING

BIOLOGY


2/14

Requires ScientificRequires ScientificSkillsSkills

Requires ScientificRequires ScientificSkillsSkills

Science Process SkillsScience Process Skills creative,creative,critical, analytical and systematic manner.critical, analytical and systematic manner.

Manipulative SkillsManipulative Skills Acquired throughAcquired throughconducting experimentsconducting experiments


3/14

What is a ScientificWhat is a ScientificMethods?Methods?

What is a ScientificWhat is a ScientificMethods?Methods?

Are used to acquire theAre used to acquire the factsfacts of Biology byof Biology byscientific means. This involvesscientific means. This involves scientificscientificinvestigationinvestigation to find theto find the causescauses of aof asituation, event or phenomenonsituation, event or phenomenon

There are 9 step of Scientific MethodThere are 9 step of Scientific Method


4/14

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

1. Identifying the problem(a) Observing the situation or

phenomenon.

Ask questions to explain the situation

(b) Identifying the variables


5/14

-A smart guess or prediction

to explain the problem

-Answer the question posed

by the problem.

-Explain the relationship

between M variable and

R variable.

This statement (hypothesis) is tested

In the experiment to determine its

Validity.

2. FORMING

A

HYPOTHESIS


6/14

STEP IN PLANNING THEEXPERIMENT:

1. Apparatus and material to beused

2. Tecniques to be used3. Procedures to be followed

4. Types of measurements (data)

to be taken

5. Method to take themeasurement or collect thedata

6. Way of presenting the data(result)

3. PLANNING THE

EXPERIMENTO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS

WHY?


7/14

- The variables that have beenIdentified before forming the

hypothesis have to be controlledduring the experiment.

- To control the variables, thefollowing have to be considered

4. CONTROLING THE VARIABLES

(a) M Variables

How to alter the manipulated

variables in the experiment.

(b) R Variables

What to observe, measure

and record in the reponding

variables

(c) Constant Variables

How to maintain the

controlled variables so that

it is kept constant

throughout the experiment


8/14

5. CONDUCTING THE EXPERIMENT

THE EXPERIMENT IS CARRIED OUT

AS PLANNED TO TEST THE

HYPOTHESIS

1. The apparatus and materialare handled correctly,cleaned and stored safely

2. The variables are well-controlled

3. The result are beingcollected and recordedcarefully.

4. A control experiment is alsoset up.

The following steps haveto be observed during

the experiment


9/14

(C) The data can be presented in

the form of a table, graph or

diagrams

6. COLLECTING DATA

(A) The data is collected and

recorded accurately

(B) The data can be based ondescriptive observation

(qualitative data) ornumbers figures

(quantitative data)


10/14

(A) Find a suitable explanationfor what has been observed

Aspek kajian:

(d) Pengetua7. Analysing and interpreting data

(B) Analyse the relationshipbetween the manipulated

variable and the respondingvariable

(C) Look for a pattern

(D) Think critically to explainthe results clearly


11/14

8. FORMING

ACONCLUSION

(A)Determine whether the datasupports the hypothesis

(B) Decide whether the

hypothesis is valid. If the

results support the

hypothesis, then thehypothesis is accepted. If not,

the hypothesis is rejected

(C) Make a general statement

about the result of the

investigation, based on thehypothesis


12/14

1. Problem statement

2. Aim / objective

3. Hypothesis

4. Variables

5. Apparatus and materials

6. Tecniques7. Procedure / method

8. Result / observation

9. Discussion

10. Conclusion

9. WRITING A REPORT

A complete report of the experiment iswritten according to the following

format:


13/14

DEFINE THE

PROBLEM

FORM A

HYPOTHESIS

PLAN THE

INVESTIGATION

CONTROL THE

VARIABLES

COLLECT THE

DATA

ANALYSE THE

DATA

INTERPRET

THE DATA

MAKE A

CONCLUSION

WRITE A

REPORT

SCIENTIFIC

INVESTIGATION


14/14

THANK YOU

Documents

Chapter 1 Biologi