Chapter 1

WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.13 Page 1-i February 2014

Chapter 1 General Information Contents

1.1 Manual Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1-11.1.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1-11.1.2 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1-11.1.3 Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1-11.1.4 Revisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1-3

1.2 BridgeandStructuresOfficeOrganization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-11.2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-11.2.2 OrganizationalElementsoftheBridgeOffice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-11.2.3 DesignUnitResponsibilitiesandExpertise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-4

1.3 Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA) Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-11.3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-11.3.2 Design/CheckProcedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-21.3.3 Design/CheckCalculationFile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-101.3.4 PS&EReviewPeriod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-111.3.5 Addenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-111.3.6 ShopPlansandPermanentStructureConstructionProcedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-121.3.7 ContractPlanChanges(ChangeOrdersandAs-Builts). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-141.3.8 ArchivingDesignCalculations,DesignFiles,andS&EFiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-151.3.9 PublicDisclosurePolicyRegardingBridgePlans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-161.3.10 UseofComputerSoftware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-17

1.4 Coordination With Other Divisions and Agencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-11.4.1 PreliminaryPlanningPhase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-11.4.2 FinalDesignPhase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-1

1.5 Bridge Design Scheduling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-11.5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-11.5.2 PreliminaryDesignSchedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-11.5.3 FinalDesignSchedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-1

1.6 Guidelines for Bridge Site Visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-11.6.1 BridgeRehabilitationProjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-11.6.2 BridgeWideningandSeismicRetrofits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-11.6.3 RailandMinorExpansionJointRetrofits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-11.6.4 NewBridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-11.6.5 BridgeDemolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-11.6.6 ProximityofRailroadsAdjacenttotheBridgeSite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-2

1.99 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.99-1Appendix1.1-A1 BridgeDesignManualRevisionQA/QCWorksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1-A1-1Appendix1.5-A1 BreakdownofProjectManhoursRequiredForm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.5-A1-1Appendix1.5-A2 MonthlyProjectProgressReportForm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.5-A2-1Appendix1.5-A3 QA/QCSignatureSheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.5-A3-1Appendix1.5-A4 Bridge&StructuresDesignCalculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.5-A4-1

ii WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.13 February 2014

Contents Chapter 1

WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.06 Page 1.1-1 July 2011

Chapter 1 General Information

1.1 Manual Description1.1.1 PurposeTheBridge Design Manual (BDM)M23-50isaguideforthosewhodesignbridgesfortheWashingtonStateDepartmentofTransportation(WSDOT).ThismanualsupplementstheAASHTOLRFDSpecifications.ItexplainsdifferenceswhereitdeviatesfromtheAASHTOLRFDSpecifications.Itcontainsstandardizeddesigndetailsandmethods,whicharebasedonyearsofexperience.

TheBridge Design Manualisadynamicdocument,whichconstantlychangesbecauseofthecreativityandinnovativeskillsofourbridgedesignersandstructuraldetailers.Itisnotintendedforthedesignofunusualstructuresortoinhibitthedesignerintheexerciseofengineeringjudgment.Thereisnosubstituteforexperience,goodjudgment,andcommonsense.

1.1.2 Specifications

ThismanualandthefollowingAASHTOSpecificationsarethebasicdocumentsusedtodesignhighwaybridgesandstructuresinWashingtonState:

AASHTOLRFDBridgeDesignSpecifications(AASHTOLRFD)

AASHTOGuideSpecificationsforLRFDSeismicBridgeDesign(AASHTOSEISMIC)

TheBridge Design ManualisnotintendedtoduplicatetheAASHTOSpecifications.ThismanualsupplementstheAASHTOSpecificationsbyprovidingadditionaldirection,designaides,examples,andinformationonofficepractice.TheBridge Design ManualtakesprecedencewhereconflictexistswiththeAASHTOSpecifications.TheWSDOTBridgeDesignEngineerwillprovideguidanceasnecessary.

Referencesarelistedattheendofeachchapter.

1.1.3 FormatA. GeneralTheBridge Design Manualconsistsofonevolumewitheachchapterorganizedasfollows: Criteriaorotherinformation(printedonwhitepaper)

AppendixA(printedonyellowpaper)DesignAids

AppendixB(printedonsalmonpaper)DesignExamples

B. Chapters1. GeneralInformation

2. PreliminaryDesign

3. Loads

4. SeismicDesignandRetrofit

5. ConcreteStructures

6. SteelDesign

7. Substructure

8. WallsandBuriedStructures

9. BearingsandExpansionJoints

General Information Chapter 1

Page 1.1-2 WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.06 July 2011

10.TrafficBarriers,SignStructures,ApproachSlabs,UtilitySupports

11. DetailingPractice

12.Quantities,ConstructionCosts,andSpecifications

13.BridgeRating

C. Numbering System1. Thenumberingsystemforthecriteriaconsistsofasetofnumbersfollowedbylettersasrequired

todesignateindividualsubjects.

Example:

Chapter5 ConcreteStructures (Chapter) 5.3 ReinforcedConcreteBoxGirderBridges (Section)

5.3.2 Reinforcement (Subsection)

A. TopSlabReinforcement

1. NearCenterofSpan

a. TransverseReinforcement

2. Numbering of SheetsEachsectionstartsanewpagenumberingsequence.Thepagenumbersarelocatedintheloweroutsidecornersandbeginwiththechapternumber,followedbythesectionnumber,thenasequentialpagenumber.

Example:5-1,5-2,etc.

3. AppendicesAppendicesareincludedtoprovidethedesignerwithdesignaids(AppendixA)andexamples(AppendixB).Designaidsaregenerallystandardinnature,whereasexamplesaremodifiedtomeetspecificjobrequirements.

Anappendixisnumberedusingthechapterfollowedbysectionnumberandthenahyphenandtheletteroftheappendixfollowedbyconsecutivenumbers.

Example:5.3-A1(BoxGirderBridges)designatesadesignaidrequiredorusefultoaccomplishtheworkdescribedinChapter5,Section3.

4. Numbering of Tables and FiguresTablesandfiguresshallbenumberedusingthechapter,section,subsectioninwhichtheyarelocated,andthenahyphenfollowedbyconsecutivenumbers.

Example:Figure5.3.2-1isthefirstfigurefoundinChapter5,section3,subsection2.



1.1.4 RevisionsRevisionstothismanualarerelatedtoemergingconcepts,newstateorfederallegislation,andcommentsforwardedtotheBridgeDesignOffice.Somerevisionsaresimplespotchanges,whileothersaremajorchapterrewrites.Thecurrentversionofthemanualisavailableonlineat:www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/manuals/m23-50.htm.

Allpagesincludearevisionnumberandpublicationdate.Whenapageisrevised,therevisionnumberandpublicationdatearerevised.Revisionsshallbeclearlyindicatedinthetext.

TheprocessoutlinedbelowisfollowedforBridge Design Manualrevisions:

1. Revisionsareprepared,checkedandcoordinatedwithchapterauthors.

2. RevisionsaresubmittedtotheBridgeDesignEngineerforapproval.However,commentsrelatedtogrammarandclaritycanbesentdirectlytotheBDMCoordinatorwithoutBridgeDesignEngineerapproval.

3. AfterapprovalfromtheBridgeDesignEngineer,theBDMCoordinatorworkswithWSDOTEngineeringPublicationstorevisethemanual.

4. RevisedpagesfromEngineeringPublicationsarecheckedforaccuracyandcorrectedifnecessary.

5. APublicationTransmittalispreparedbyEngineeringPublications.PublicationTransmittalsincluderemarksandinstructionsforupdatingthemanual.AfterthePublicationsTransmittalhasbeensignedbytheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineer,EngineeringPublicationswillpostthecompletemanualandrevisionat:www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/manuals/m23-50.htm.

6. EngineeringPublicationswillcoordinateelectronicandhardcopydistributions.

ARevisionQA/QCWorksheet(seeAppendix1.1-A1)shallbepreparedtodocumentandtracktherevisionprocess.

WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.13 Page 1.2-1 February 2014


1.2 BridgeandStructuresOfficeOrganization1.2.1 GeneralTheresponsibilitiesoftheBridgeandStructuresOfficeare:

ProvidesstructuralengineeringservicesforWSDOT.Providestechnicaladviceandassistancetoothergovernmentalagenciesonsuchmatters.

TheWSDOTDesign Manual M22-01statesthefollowing:

BridgedesignistheresponsibilityoftheBridgeandStructuresOfficeinOlympia.AnydesignauthorizedattheRegionlevelissubjecttoreviewandapprovalbytheBridgeandStructuresOffice.

1.2.2 OrganizationalElementsoftheBridgeOffice

A. Bridge and Structures Engineer TheBridgeandStructuresEngineerisresponsibleforstructuralengineeringservicesforthedepartmentandmanagesstaffandprogramsforstructuraldesign,contractplanpreparation,inspectionsandassessmentsofexistingbridges.

B. Bridge Design Engineer TheBridgeDesignEngineerisdirectlyresponsibletotheBridgeandStructuresEngineerforstructuraldesignandreview,andadvisesotherdivisionsandagenciesonsuchmatters.

1. Structural Design Units TheStructuralDesignUnitsareresponsibleforthefinaldesignofbridgesandotherstructures.Finaldesignincludespreparationofcontractplans.Theunitsprovidespecialdesignstudies,developdesigncriteria,checkshopplans,andreviewdesignssubmittedbyconsultants.Frequently,theBridgeProjectsEngineerassignstheunitstheresponsibilityforpreparingpreliminarybridgeplansandotherunscheduledwork.

TheBridgeEngineerSupervisor(UnitSupervisor)providesday-to-dayleadership,projectworkforceplanning,mentoring,andsupervisionforthedesignunit.Organizationandjobassignmentswithintheunitareflexibleanddependonprojectsunderwayatanyparticulartimeaswellasthequalificationsandexperiencelevelofindividuals.Theprimaryobjectiveofthedesignunitsistoproducecontractplansforbridgesandstructureswithinscope,scheduleandbudget.Thisinvolvesdesigning,checking,reviewing,anddetailinginanefficientandtimelymanner.

Eachspecialisthasaparticularareaofexpertisewhichincludesconcrete,steel,seismicdesignandretrofit,expansionjointsandbearings, andfloatingandmovablebridges.Thespecialistsactasaresourceforthebridgeofficeintheirspecialtyandareresponsibleforkeepingup-to-dateoncurrentAASHTOcriteria,newdesignconceptsandproducts,technicalpublications,constructionandmaintenanceissues,andaretheprimarypointsofcontactforindustryrepresentatives.

Thedesignunitsarealsoresponsibleforthedesignandpreparationofcontractplansformodificationstobridgesinservice.Theseincludebridgerailreplacement,deckrepair,seismicretrofits,emergencyrepairswhenbridgesaredamagedbyvehicleorshipcollisionornaturalphenomenon,andexpansionjointanddrainageretrofits.Theyreviewproposedplansofutilityattachmentstoexistingbridges.

2. Bridge Projects Unit TheBridgeProjectsEngineerdirectspreliminarydesignwork,specificationandcostestimatespreparation,falseworkreview,projectscoping,coordinatesschedulingofbridgedesignprojectsandunscheduledworkassignmentswiththeRegionProjectDevelopmentEngineers,BridgeDesignEngineer,andtheUnitSupervisors.

ThePreliminaryPlanEngineersareresponsibleforbridgeprojectplanningfrominitialscopingtodesigntype,size,andlocation(TSL)studiesandreports.Theyareresponsibleforpreliminaryplanpreparationofbridgeandwallsincludingassemblyandanalysisofsitedata,preliminarystructuralanalysis,costanalysis,determinationofstructuretype,anddrawingpreparation.Theyalsocheckpreliminaryplanspreparedbyothers,reviewhighwayprojectenvironmentaldocumentsanddesignreports,andprepareU.S.CoastGuardPermits.

2-2 WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.13 February 2014


TheSpecificationsandEstimate(S&E)Engineersdevelopandmaintainconstructionspecificationsandcostestimatesforbridgeprojects.Theyalsodevelopspecificationsandcostestimatesforbridgecontractspreparedbyconsultantsandothergovernmentagencies,whichareadministeredbyWSDOT.TheyassembleandreviewthecompletedbridgePS&EbeforesubmittaltotheRegions.TheyalsocoordinatethePS&EpreparationwiththeRegionsandmaintainbridgeconstructioncostrecords.

TheConstructionSupportUnitEngineersareresponsibleforcheckingthecontractorsfalsework,shoring,andformingplans.Shopplanreviewandapprovalarecoordinatedwiththedesignunits.Actualcheckoftheshopplansisdoneinthedesignunit.Fieldrequestsforplanchangescomethroughthisofficeforarecommendationastoapproval.

TheBridgePlansEngineerprocessesas-builtplansinthisunit.RegionProjectEngineersareresponsibleforpreparingandsubmittingas-builtplansatthecompletionofacontract.

TheSchedulingEngineermonitorsthedesignworkschedulefortheBridgeandStructuresOffice,updatestheBridgeDesignSchedule(BDS)andmaintainsrecordsofbridgecontractcosts.OtherdutiesincludecoordinatingprogressreportstoRegionsbytheUnitSupervisorsandS&EEngineersthroughtheProjectDeliveryInformationSystem(PDIS).

TheBridgeProjectsUnitdedicatesonepositiontoprovidingtechnicalassistanceforthedesignanddetailingofexpansionjoint,bridgebearingandbarrier/railprojects.

Inaddition,theunitisresponsibleforupdatingtheBridge Design Manual M23-50.TheunitcoordinateschangestotheWSDOTStandardSpecificationsandfacilitatesupdatesorrevisionstoWSDOTBridgeOfficedesignstandards.

3. Mega Project Bridge Manager TheMegaProjectBridgeManagerprovidesleadership,guidanceandprojectmanagementresponsibilitiesforvariouscomplex,uniqueandmonumentalbridgedesignandconstructionprojects.MegaBridgeProjectsaredefinedassuspension,cable-stayed,movable,segmentaloracomplexgroupofinterchange/corridorbridgesandincludeconventionalanddesign-buildprojectdeliverymethods.TheMegaProjectBridgeManagerrepresentstheBridgeandStructuresOfficeinCostEstimateValidationProcessactivities,ValueEngineeringStudiesandResearchProjectsregardingmajorbridgeprojects.

C. Bridge Preservation Engineer TheBridgePreservationEngineerdirectsactivitiesanddevelopsprogramstoassurethestructuralandfunctionalintegrityofallstatebridgesinservice.TheBridgePreservationEngineerdirectsemergencyresponseactivitieswhenbridgesaredamaged.

1. Bridge Preservation Office (BPO) TheBridgePreservationOfficeisresponsibleforplanningandimplementinganinspectionprogramforthemorethan3,200fixedandmovablestatehighwaybridges.Inaddition,BPOprovidesinspectionservicesonsomelocalagencybridgesandonthestatesferryterminals.AllinspectionsareconductedinaccordancewiththeNationalBridgeInspectionStandards(NBIS).

BPOmaintainsthecomputerizedWashingtonStateBridgeInventorySystem(WSBIS)ofcurrentinformationonmorethan7,300state,county,andcitybridgesinaccordancewiththeNBIS.Thisincludesloadratingsforallbridges.BPOpreparesaBridge Listofthestatesbridges,whichispublishedeverytwoyears,maintainstheintranet-basedBridgeEngineeringInformationSystem(BEIST),andpreparestheannualRecommendedBridgeRepairList(RBRL)basedonthelatestinspectionreports.

BPOisresponsibleforthebridgeloadratingandriskreduction(SCOUR)programs.Itprovidesdamageassessmentsandemergencyresponseserviceswhenbridgesaredamagedbecauseofvehicleorshipcollisionornaturalphenomenonsuchas:floods,wind,orearthquakes.

WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.13 Page 1.2-3 February 2014


D. Bridge Management Engineer TheBridgeManagementUnitisresponsiblefortheprogramdevelopment,planningandmonitoringofallstatewidebridgeprogramactivities.TheseincludeP2fundedbridgereplacementsandrehabilitation,bridgedeckprotection,majorbridgerepair,andbridgepainting.

Inaddition,theBridgeManagementUnitmanagesthebridgedeckprotection,decktestingandthebridgeresearchprograms.Itisresponsiblefortheplanning,development,coordination,andimplementationofnewprograms(e.g.,SeismicRetrofitandPreventativeMaintenance),experimentalfeatureprojects,newproductevaluation,andtechnologytransfer.

TheBridgeManagementEngineeristheBridgeandStructuresOfficesofficialPublicDisclosurecontact.(SeeSection1.3.9PublicDisclosurePolicyRegardingBridgePlans).

E. Computer Support Unit TheComputerSupportUnitisresponsibleforcomputerresourceplanningandimplementation,computerusersupport,liaisonwithManagementInformationSystems(MIS),computeraidedengineeroperationsupport,andsoftwaredevelopmentactivities.Inaddition,theunitworkscloselywiththeBridgeProjectsUnitinupdatingthismanualandStandard Plans.

F. Consultant Liaison Engineer TheConsultantLiaisonEngineerpreparesbridgeconsultantagreementsandcoordinatesconsultantPS&EdevelopmentactivitieswiththoseoftheBridgeOffice.TheConsultantLiaisonEngineernegotiatesbridgedesigncontractswithconsultants.

G. State Bridge and Structures Architect TheStateBridgeandStructuresArchitectisresponsibleforreviewingandapprovingbridgepreliminaryplans,retainingwalls,preparingrenderings,coordinatingaestheticactivitieswithRegions(i.e.suggestingcorridorthemesandapprovingpublicart),andotherdutiestoimprovetheaestheticsofourbridgesandstructures.TheStateBridgeandStructuresArchitectworkscloselywithbridgeofficeandregionstaff.Duringthedesignphase,designersshouldgettheArchitectsapprovalforanychangestoarchitecturaldetailsshownontheapprovedpreliminaryplan.

H. Staff Support Unit TheStaffSupportUnitisresponsibleformanysupportfunctions,suchas:typing,timekeeping,payroll,receptionist,vehiclemanagement,mail,inventorymanagement,andotherdutiesrequestedbytheBridgeandStructuresEngineer.Otherdutiesinclude:filingfielddata,plansforbridgesundercontractorconstructed,anddesigncalculations.Thisunitalsomaintainsofficesuppliesandprovidesotherservices.

I. Office Administrator TheOfficeAdministratorisresponsibleforcoordinatingpersonnelactions,updatingtheorganizationalchart,orderingtechnicalmaterials,andotherdutiesrequestedbytheBridgeandStructuresEngineer.StaffdevelopmentandtrainingarecoordinatedthroughtheOfficeAdministrator.TheOfficeAdministratoralsohandleslogisticalsupport,officeandbuildingmaintenanceissues.

2-4 WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.13 February 2014


1.2.3 Design Unit Responsibilities and ExpertiseThefollowingisanupdatedsummaryofthestructuraldesign,reviewandplanpreparationresponsibilities/expertisewithintheBridgeDesignSection.ContacttheUnitSupervisorforthenameoftheappropriatestaffexpertfortheneededspecialty.

Unit Supervisor Responsibility/Expertise

Richard Stoddard BridgeTrafficBarriersandRailRetrofits ConcreteDesignTechnicalSupport SeismicDesignTechnicalSupport

TBD CoastGuardPermits SpecialProvisionsandCostEstimates PreliminaryDesign Falsework,FormingandTemporaryStructures Bridge Design Manual M23-50 BridgeProjectsScheduling

Richard Zeldenrust OverheadandBridge-MountedSignStructures LightStandard&TrafficSignalSupports RepairstoDamagedBridges StructuralSteelTechnicalSupport

EmergencySlideRepairs RetainingWalls(includingStructuralEarth,SoldierPileand Tie-Back,Geosynthetic,andSoilNail) Pre-ApprovalofRetainingWallSystems NoiseBarrierWalls

DeWayne Wilson BridgePreservationProgram(P2Funds) Establishneedsandpriorities(Seismic,Scour,Deck Overlay,SpecialRepairs,Painting,Replacement,Misc StructuresPrograms) BridgeManagementSystem BridgeEngineeringSoftwareandCAD ConsultantLiaison BearingsandExpansionJoints FloatingBridges SpecialStructures

Tim Moore MegaProjectsManager

Paul Kinderman BridgeArchitect


WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.11 Page 1.3-1 March 2012

1.3 Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA) Procedure1.3.1 GeneralA. The purpose of the QC/QA procedure is to improve the quality of the structural designs and plans.

The key element to the success of this process is effective communication between all parties. The goals of the QC/QA procedure are:

Designed structures that improve public safety and meet state regulations. Designed structures which meet the requirements of the WSDOT Bridge Design Manual

M 2350, AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, current structural engineering practices, and geometric criteria provided by the Region.

Designed structures that are aesthetically pleasing, constructible, durable, economical, inspectable, and require little maintenance.

Design contract documents that meet the customers needs, schedule, budget, and construction staging requirements.

Structural design costs are minimized. An organized and indexed set of design calculations are produced. Design criteria and

assumptions are included in the front after the index. Plan quality is maximized. The QA/QC procedure allows for change, innovation, and continuous improvement.

Thegoalsarelistedinorderofimportance.Ifthereisaconflictbetweengoals,themoreimportantgoal takes precedence.

The Unit Supervisor determines project assignments and the QC/QA process to be used in preparation ofthestructuraldesign.TheintentoftheQC/QAprocessistofacilitateplanproductionefficiencyand costeffectiveness while assuring the structural integrity of the design and maximizing the quality of the structural contract documents.

B. TheBridgeandStructuresOfficeQC/QAprocedureisacomponentofthegeneralWSDOTtemplatefor project management process. Included as part of the current WSDOT project management process areprojectreviewsatspecificmilestonesalongtheprojecttimeline.TheexpectedcontentofthedocumentsbeingreviewedateachspecificmilestonearedescribedintheDeliverableExpectationsMatrixdevelopedandimplementedbytheWSDOTDesignOfficeinMay2006.Thismatrixcanbeviewed via the link www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/fulltext/ProjectMgmt/DEM/DE_Matrix.pdf.

The overall matrix is generic for WSDOT design, but there is a line in the matrix that outlines the specificcontentexpectationsforstructures(bridgesretainingwalls,noisebarrierwalls,overheadsignstructures,etc.).Thisstructuresspecificmatrixlineincludesalinktoaseparatematrix.This structures matrix can be viewed via the link www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/fulltext/ProjectMgmt/DEM/Bridge.pdf.

The Bridge Preliminary Plan as described in Chapter 2 is equivalent to the Geometric Review milestone of the generic WSDOT matrix and the Permitting Submittal Review milestone of the structurespecificmatrix.

Intermediate stage constructability reviews conducted for certain projects by Region Design PEOfficesorLocalAgenciesareequivalenttotheGeneralPlansReviewmilestoneofthegenericWSDOTmatrixandtheIntermediatePS&ESubmittalReviewmilestoneofthestructurespecificmatrix.


Page 1.3-2 WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.11 March 2012

TheBridgePlansturn-inasdescribedinSection12.4.3isequivalenttothePreliminaryContractReviewmilestoneofthegenericWSDOTmatrixandthePS&EPre-submittalReviewmilestoneofthestructurespecificmatrix.

TheBridgePS&Eturn-inasdescribedinSection12.4.3isequivalenttotheFinalContractReviewmilestoneofthegenericWSDOTmatrixandtheFinalPS&ESubmittalReviewmilestoneofthestructurespecificmatrix.

1.3.2 Design/Check ProceduresA. PS&EPreparedbyWSDOTBridgeandStructuresOffice

1. Design Team ThedesignteamusuallyconsistsoftheDesigner(s),Checker(s),StructuralDetailer(s),andaSpecificationandEstimateEngineer,whoareresponsibleforpreparingasetofcontractdocumentsonorbeforethescheduledduedate(s)andwithinthebudgetallocatedfortheproject.Onlargeprojects,theUnitSupervisormaydesignateadesignertobeaProjectCoordinatorwithadditionalduties,suchas:assistingthesupervisorincommunicatingwiththeRegion,coordinatingandcommunicatingwiththeGeotechnicalBranch,andmonitoringtheactivitiesofthedesignteam.

TheQC/QAproceduresmayvarydependingonthetypeandcomplexityofthestructurebeingdesigned,andtheexperiencelevelofthedesignteammembers.Moresupervision,review,andcheckingmayberequiredwhenthedesignteammembersarelessexperienced.Ingeneral,itisagoodpracticetohavesomeexperienceddesignersoneverydesignteam.Alldesignteammembersshouldhavetheopportunitytoprovideinputtomaximizethequalityofthedesignplans.

2. Designer Responsibility Thedesignerisresponsibleforthecontentofthecontractplansheets,includingstructuralanalysis,completenessandcorrectness.Agoodsetofexampleplans,whichisrepresentativeofthebridgetype,isindispensableasanaidtolessexperienceddesignersanddetailers.

Duringthedesignphaseofaproject,thedesignerwillneedtocommunicatefrequentlywiththeUnitSupervisorandotherstakeholders.Thisincludesacquiring,finalizingorrevisingroadwaygeometrics,soilreports,hydraulicsrecommendations,andutilityrequirements.ConstructabilityissuesmayalsorequirethatthedesignercommunicatewiththeRegionorConstructionOffice.Thedesignermayhavetoorganizeface-to-facemeetingstoresolveconstructabilityissuesearlyinthedesignphase.ThebridgeplansmustbecoordinatedwiththePS&EpackagesproducedconcurrentlybytheRegion.

ThedesignershalladvisetheUnitSupervisorassoonaspossibleofanyscopeandprojectcostincreasesandthereasonsfortheincreases.TheUnitSupervisorwillthennotifytheRegionprojectofficeifthedeliveryschedulewillhavetobechanged.IfRegionconcurswithachangeinthedeliverydate,theUnitSupervisorwillnotifytheBridgeProjectsEngineerortheBridgeSchedulingEngineerofthereviseddeliverydates.

ThedesignerorProjectCoordinatorisresponsibleforprojectplanningwhichinvolvesthefollowing:

a. Determinesscopeofwork,identifiestasksandplansorderofwork.

b. Preparedesigncriteriathatareincludedinthefrontofthedesigncalculations.ComparestaskswithBDMofficepracticeandAASHTObridgedesignspecifications.

(1) Insuresthatdesignguidelinesaresufficient?

(2) JustificationfordeviationfromBridge Design Manual/AASHTO?



(3) Justificationfordesignapproach?

(4) Justificationfordeviationfromofficepracticesregardingdesignanddetails?

(5) Otherdifferences.

c. MeetwiththeRegiondesignstaffandotherprojectstakeholdersearlyinthedesignprocesstoresolveasmanyissuesaspossiblebeforeproceedingwithfinaldesignanddetailing.

d. Identifycoordinationneedswithotherdesigners,units,andoffices.

e. Earlyintheproject,thebridgesheetnumberingsystemshouldbecoordinatedwiththeRegiondesignstaff.Forprojectswithmultiplebridges,eachsetofbridgesheetsshouldhaveauniquesetofbridgesheetnumbers.

f. AtleastmonthlyorasdirectedbythedesignUnitSupervisor:

(1) UpdateProjectScheduleandListofSheets.

(2) Estimatepercentcomplete.

(3) Estimatetimetocomplete.

(4) WorkwithUnitSupervisortoadjustresources,ifnecessary.

g. DeveloppreliminaryquantitiesforallcostestimatesafterthePreliminaryPlanstage.

h. Nearendofproject:

(1) Developquantities,Not Included in Bridge Quantity List, and Special Provisions Checklist thataretobeturnedinwiththeplans.(SeeSection12.4.4).

(2) PreparetheBarList.

(3) Coordinateallfinalchanges,includingreviewcommentsreceivedfromtheBridgeSpecificationsandEstimatesEngineer.RefertoSection12.4.3(B).

(4) MeetwithRegiondesignstaffandotherprojectstakeholdersattheconstructabalityreview/roundtablereviewmeetingstoaddressfinalprojectcoordinationissues.

ThedesignershouldinformtheUnitSupervisorofanyareasofthedesign,whichshouldreceivespecialattentionduringcheckingandreview.

(5) PreparetheQA/QCChecklist,andobtainsignatures/initialsasrequired.Thisappliestoallprojectsregardlessoftypeorimportance(bridges,walls,signstructures,overlay,trafficbarrier,etc.).RefertoAppendix1.5-A3-1.

Thedesigncalculationsarepreparedbythedesignerandbecomeaveryimportantrecorddocument.Designcalculationswillbeareferencedocumentduringtheconstructionofthestructureandthroughoutthelifeofthestructure.Itiscriticalthatthedesigncalculationsbeuserfriendly.Thedesigncalculationsshallbewellorganized,clear,properlyreferenced,andincludenumberedpagesalongwithatableofcontents.Thedesigncalculationsshallbearchived.Computerfilesshouldbearchivedforuseduringconstruction,intheeventthatchangedconditionsarise.Archive-readydesignandcheckcalculationsshallbeboundandsubmittedtotheUnitSupervisorconcurrentlywiththeturn-inoftheBridgePS&Esubmittal.Calculationsshallbestoredinthedesignunituntilcompletionofconstruction.Afterconstruction,theyshallbesenttoarchives.(SeeSection1.3.8ArchivingDesignCalculations,DesignFiles,andS&EFiles).

ThedesigneroranotherassignedindividualisalsoresponsibleforresolvingconstructionproblemsreferredtotheBridgeOfficeduringthelifeofthecontract.TheseissueswillgenerallybereferredthroughtheBridgeTechnicalAdvisor,theUnitSupervisor,theConstructionSupportUnit,ortheHQConstruction-Bridge.



3. Checker Responsibility ThecheckerisresponsibletotheUnitSupervisorforqualityassuranceofthestructuraldesign,whichincludescheckingthedesign,plansandspecificationstoassureaccuracyandconstructability.TheUnitSupervisorworkswiththecheckertoestablishthelevelofcheckingrequired.Thecheckingprocedureforassuringthequalityofthedesignwillvaryfromprojecttoproject.Followingaresomegeneralcheckingguidelines:

a. Design Calculations maybecheckedbyeitheroftwomethods:

(1) Designcalculationsmaybecheckedwithaline-by-linereviewandinitialingbythechecker.Ifitismoreefficient,thecheckermaychoosetoperformhis/herownindependentcalculations.

(2) Iterativedesignmethodsmaybebestcheckedbyreviewofthedesignerscalculations,whilestandardandstraight-forwarddesignsmaybemostefficientlycheckedwithindependentcalculations.Allthedesignerandcheckercalculationsshallbeplacedinonedesignset.

(3) Revisionofdesigncalculations,ifrequired,istheresponsibilityofthedesigner.

b. Structural Plans

(1) Thecheckersplanreviewcommentsarerecordedonacopyofthestructuralplans,includingdetailsandbarlists,andreturnedtothedesignerforconsideration.Thesecheckprintsareavitalpartofthecheckingprocess,andshallbepreserved.Ifthecheckerscommentsarenotincorporated,thedesignershouldprovidejustificationfornotdoingso.Ifthereisadifferenceofopinionthatcannotberesolvedbetweenthedesignerandchecker,theUnitSupervisorshallresolveanyissues.CheckprintsshallbesubmittedtotheUnitSupervisoratthetimeof100%PS&Eturn-in.

(2) IfassignedbytheUnitSupervisor,astructuraldetailershallperformacompletecheckofthegeometryusingCADDorhandcalculations.

(3) Revisionofplans,ifrequired,istheresponsibilityofthedesigner.

c. Quantities and Barlist

(1) Thecheckershallprovideanindependentsetofquantitycalculations.Thesetogetherwiththedesignersquantitycalculationsshallbeplacedinthejobfile.

(2) ResolutionofdifferencesbetweenthedesignerandcheckershallbecompletedbeforetheBridgePS&Esubmittal.Thecheckershallalsocheckthebarlist.

4. Structural Detailer Responsibility Thestructuraldetailerisresponsibleforthequalityandconsistencyofthecontractplansheets.ThestructuraldetailershallensurethattheBridgeOfficedraftingstandardsasexplainedinChapter11ofthismanualareupheld.

a. RefertoChapter11,fordetailingpractices.

b. Providenecessaryandadequateinformationtoensurethecontractplansareaccurate,complete,andreadable.

c. Detailplansheetsinaconsistentmannerandfollowaccepteddetailingpractices.

d. Checkplansforgeometry,reinforcingsteelcongestion,consistency,andverifycontroldimensions.

e. Checkforpropergrammarandspelling.



f. Onmultiplebridgecontracts,workwiththeDesigner/ProjectCoordinatortoensurethatthestructuraldetailingofallbridgeswithinthecontractshallbecoordinatedtomaximizeconsistencyofdetailingfrombridgetobridge.Extraeffortwillberequiredtoensureuniformityofdetails,particularlyifmultipledesignunitsand/orconsultantsareinvolvedinpreparingbridgeplans.

g. Maintainanongoingunderstandingofbridgeconstructiontechniquesandpractices.

5. Specialist Responsibility AllbridgeandwallprojectsinitiatedwithasignedBridgePreliminaryPlan.

TheprimaryresponsibilityofthespecialististoactasaknowledgeresourcefortheBridgeandStructuresOffice,WSDOT,othergovernmentalagenciesandconsultants.Designersareencouragedtoconsultspecialistsforcomplexprojectsearlyinthedesignprocess.Supervisorsoverseeingadesignprojectshouldactivelyidentifyanycomplexorunusualfeatures,earlyinthedesignprocess,andencouragethedesignersinvolvedtoseekinputfromthesuitableSpecialist.TheSpecialistsmaintainanactiveknowledgeoftheirspecialtyarea,alongwithacurrentfileofproductsanddesignprocedures.TheSpecialistsmaintainindustrycontacts.Specialistsprovidetrainingintheirareaofexpertise.

Specialistsareexpectedtoremainengagedwiththedesigneffortsbeingcarriedoutintheofficerelatedtotheirspecialty.AtthediscretionoftheDesignUnitSupervisor,theSpecialistsmayberequestedtoreview,commentonandinitialplansintheirareaofexpertisepreparedbyotherdesigners.SpecialistsareexpectedtoreviewselecteddesignworkforconsistencywithotherWSDOTprojects,andforadherencetocurrentofficepracticeandcurrentindustrypractice.Specialistreviewsaretypicallycursoryinnature,andarenotintendedtofulfilltheroleofstructuralchecker.SpecialistsshallinitialtheProjectTurn-InQA/QCWorksheetofBDMAppendix1.5-A3atthe100%completionstageofcertainprojectsincluding:

a. Bearing and Expansion Joint Specialist Allexpansionjointorbearingrehabprojects.Allnewbridgeswithmodularexpansionjoints,uniquestripsealjoints(highskew,raisedsteelslidingplatesatsidewalk,trafficislands,etc.),andbearingsotherthanplainelastomericpads.

b. Concrete Specialist Allpost-tensionedsuperandsubstructures,andcomplexprestressedgirdersuperstructures(longspans,largeskews,taperedgirders,etc.).Allstructuresutilizingmassconcrete,self-consolidatingconcrete(SCC),shotcreteorGrade80reinforcement.

c. Steel Specialist Allnewandretrofitsteelsuperstructureprojects,orprojectsinvolvingsignificantorcomplexwelding.

d. Seismic Specialist Allretrofitprojects,andnewbridgeswithcomplexseismicdesignrequirements.

SpecialistsassisttheBridgeandStructuresEngineerinreviewingandvotingonamendmentstoAASHTOspecifications.

SpecialistsareresponsibleforkeepingtheirrespectivechaptersoftheBridge Design Manual M23-50uptodate.

TheConcrete,Steel,andSeismicSpecialistsactasSupervisorsfortheStructuralDetailerswithintheirunit.Theyareresponsiblefortheday-to-daysupervisionoftheStructuralDetailers,includingtimesheetandevaluationresponsibilities.TheSpecialistsarealsoreliedupontoassisttheDesignUnitSupervisorinallocatingdetailingstaff,andcompletingStructuralDetailerstaffingprojections.



AsecondaryresponsibilityoftheSpecialististoserveasUnitSupervisorwhenthesupervisorisabsent.

SignStructuredesign,Walldesign,andTrafficBarrier&RaildesignarethreespecialtyareaswheredesignandreviewworkhastraditionallybeendirectedtodedicatedstaffineachofthethreemaindesigngroupswithintheBridgeDesignOffice(seeBDM1.2.3).DesignguidanceorreviewrequestsforunusualoruniqueprojectsinvolvingthesethreespecialtyareasshouldbedirectedtotheapplicableDesignUnitSupervisorfordesignorreview.

6. Specification and Estimating Engineer Responsibilities TherearecurrentlyfourspecialistpositionsintheBridgeandStructuresOffice.ThefourspecialtyareasintheDesignSectionarebearingsandexpansionjoints,concrete(includingprestressedconcrete),seismicdesignandretrofit,andstructuralsteel.

7. Design Unit Supervisor Responsibility

a. TheUnitSupervisorisresponsibletotheBridgeDesignEngineerforthetimelycompletionandqualityofthebridgeplans.

b. TheUnitSupervisorworkscloselywiththeProjectCoordinatorandthedesignteam(designer,checker,andstructuraldetailer)duringthedesignandplanpreparationphasestohelpavoidmajorchangeslateinthedesignprocess.Activitiesduringthecourseofdesigninclude:

(1) Evaluatethecomplexityoftheprojectandthedesignersskillandclassificationleveltodelivertheprojectinatimelymanner.Determineboththedegreeofsupervisionnecessaryforthedesignerandtheamountofcheckingrequiredbythechecker.

(2) Assistthedesignteamindefiningthescopeofwork,identifyingthetaskstobeaccomplishedanddevelopingaprojectworkplan.

(3) Makesuitablestaffingassignmentsanddevelopadesignteamtimeestimatetoensurethattheprojectcanbecompletedontimeandwithinbudget.

(4) Reviewandapprovedesigncriteriabeforestartofdesign.

(5) Helpleaddesignerconductface-to-faceprojectmeetings,suchas:projectkick-offandwrap-upmeetingswithRegion,geotechnicalstaff,bridgeconstruction,andconsultantstoresolveoutstandingissues.

(6) Participateincoordinating,scheduling,andcommunicatingwithstakeholders,customers,andoutsideagenciesrelatingtomajorstructuraldesignissues.

(7) Facilitateresolutionofmajorprojectdesignissues.

(8) Assistthedesignteamwithplanning,anticipatingpossibleproblems,collectivelyidentifyingsolutions,andfacilitatingtimelydeliveryofneededinformation,suchasgeometrics,hydraulics,foundationinformation,etc.

(9) Interactwithdesignteamregularlytodiscussprogress,problems,scheduleandbudget,analysistechniques,constructabilityanddesignissues.Alwaysencourageforwardthinking,innovativeideasandsuggestionsforqualityimprovement.

(10) Arrangeforandprovidethenecessaryresources,timeandtoolsforthedesignteamtodothejobrightthefirsttime.Offerassistancetohelpresolvequestionsorproblems.

(11) Helpdocumentanddisseminateinformationonspecialfeaturesandlessonslearnedforthebenefitofothersandfutureprojects.

(12) Mentorandtraindesignersanddetailersthroughtheassignmentofavarietyofstructuretypes.



c. TheUnitSupervisorworkscloselywiththedesignteamduringtheplanreviewphase.Revieweffortsshouldconcentrateonreviewingthecompletedplandetailsanddesigncalculationsforcompletenessandforagreementwithofficecriteriaandofficepractices.Reviewthefollowingperiodicallyandattheendoftheproject:

(1) DesignCriteria

Seismicdesignmethodology,accelerationcoefficient(avalue),andanyseismicanalysisassumptions.

Foundationreportrecommendations,selectionofalternates.

DeviationsfromAASHTO,thismanual,andproperconsiderationofanyapplicableDesignMemorandums.

(2) DesignTimeandBudget

d. Estimatetimetocompletetheproject.PlanresourceallocationforcompletingtheprojecttomeetthescheduledAdDateandbudget.Monitormonthlytimespentontheproject.

Attheendofeachmonth,estimatetimeremainingtocompleteproject,percentcompleted,andwhetherprojectisonorbehindschedule.

Planandassignworkforcetoensureatimelydeliveryoftheprojectwithintheestimatedtimeandbudget.Atmonthlysupervisorsschedulingmeetings,notifytheBridgeProjectsEngineerifaprojectisbehindschedule.

e. AdviseRegionofanyprojectscopecreepandconstructioncostincreases.Asaminimum,usequarterlystatusreportstoupdateRegiononprojectprogress.

f. Useappropriatecomputerschedulingsoftwareorothermeanstomonitortimeusage,toallocateresources,andtoplanprojects.

g. Reviewconstructabilityissues.Arethereanyproblemsuniquetotheproject?

h. Reviewthefinalplansforthefollowing:

(1) Scanthejobfileforunusualitemsrelatingtogeometrics,hydraulics,geotechnical,environmental,etc.

(2) Overallreviewofsheet#1,thebridgelayoutfor:

Consistencyespeciallyformultiplebridgeproject

Missinginformation

(3) ReviewfootinglayoutforconformancetoBridgePlanandforadequacyofinformationgiven.Generally,thefieldpersonnelshallbegivenenoughinformationtolayoutthefootingsinthefieldwithoutreferringtoanyothersheets.Plandetailsshallbeclear,precise,anddimensionstiedtobasereferences,suchas:asurveylineordefinedcenterlineofbridge.

(4) Reviewthesequenceoftheplansheets.Theplansheetsshouldadheretothefollowingorder:layout,footinglayout,substructures,superstructures,miscellaneousdetails,barriers,andbarlist.Alsocheckforappropriatenessofthetitles.

(5) Reviewoveralldimensionsandelevations,spotcheckforcompatibility.Forexample,checkcompatibilitybetweensuperstructuresandsubstructure.Alsospotcheckbarmarks.

(6) Usecommonsenseandexperiencetoreviewstructuraldimensionsandreinforcementforstructuraladequacy.Whenindoubt,questionthedesignerandchecker.

i. Stampandsigntheplansinblueink.



8. Bridge Design Engineers Responsibilities TheBridgeDesignEngineeristhecoach,mentor,andfacilitatorfortheWSDOTQC/QABridgeDesignProcedure.TheleadershipandsupportprovidedbythispositionisamajorinfluenceinassuringbridgedesignqualityforstructuraldesignsperformedbybothWSDOTandconsultants.ThefollowingsummarizesthekeyresponsibilitiesoftheBridgeDesignEngineerrelatedtoQC/QA:

a. PriortotheBridgeDesignEngineerstampingandsigninganyplans,he/sheshallperformastructural/constructabilityreviewoftheplans.Thisisaqualityassurance(QA)functionaswellasmeetingtheresponsiblechargerequirementsofstatelawsrelatingtoProfessionalEngineers.

b. ReviewandapprovethePreliminaryBridgePlans.Theprimaryfocusforthisresponsibilityistoassurethatthemostcost-effectiveandappropriatestructuretypeisselectedforaparticularbridgesite.

c. ReviewuniqueprojectspecialprovisionsandStandardSpecificationmodificationsrelatingtostructures.

d. FacilitatepartnershipsbetweenWSDOT,consultants,andtheconstructionindustrystakeholderstofacilitateandimprovedesignquality.

e. Encouragedesignercreativityandinnovationthroughforwardthinking.

f. ExerciseleadershipanddirectionformaintainingaprogressiveanduptodateBridge Design Manual M23-50.

g. CreateanopenandsupportiveofficeenvironmentinwhichDesignSectionstaffareempoweredtodohighqualitystructuraldesignwork.

h. Createprofessionalgrowthopportunitiesthroughanofficeculturewherelearningisemphasized.

i. Encouragecontinuingprofessionaldevelopmentthroughtrainingopportunities,attendanceatseminarsandconferences,formaleducationopportunities,andtechnicalwriting.

9. General Bridge Plan Stamping and Signature Policy ThestampingandsigningofbridgeplansisthefinalstepintheBridgeQC/QAprocedure.Itsignifiesareviewoftheplansanddetailsbythoseinresponsiblechargeforthebridgeplans.AtleastoneLicensedStructuralEngineershallstampandsigneachcontractplansheet(exceptthebarlist).

ForcontractplanspreparedbyalicensedCivilorLicensedStructuralEngineer,theUnitManagerandthelicensedCivilorLicensedStructuralEngineerco-sealandsigntheplans,exceptthebridgelayoutsheet.ThebridgelayoutsheetissealedandsignedbytheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineeror,intheabsenceoftheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineer,theBridgeDesignEngineer.

ForcontractplansnotpreparedbyalicensedCivilorLicensedStructuralEngineer,theUnitManagerandtheBridgeDesignEngineerco-sealandsigntheplansexceptthebridgelayoutsheet.ThebridgelayoutsheetissealedandsignedbytheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineeror,intheabsenceoftheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineer,theBridgeDesignEngineer.

ForNon-StandardRetainingWallsandNoiseBarrierWalls,SignStructures,SeismicRetrofits,ExpansionJointandBearingModifications,TrafficBarrierandRailRetrofits,andotherspecialprojects,theUnitManagerwitheitherthelicenseddesignerortheBridgeDesignEngineer(ifthedesignerisnotlicensed)co-sealandsigntheplansexceptforthelayoutsheet.ThelayoutsheetsfortheseplansaresealedandsignedbytheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineer,orintheabsenceoftheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineer,theBridgeDesignEngineer.



B. Consultant PS&E Projects on WSDOT Right of Way PS&EpreparedbyconsultantswillfollowasimilarQC/QAprocedureasthatshownaboveforWSDOTpreparedPS&Esand,asaminimum,shallincludethefollowingelements:

1. WSDOT Consultant Liaison Engineers Responsibilities

a. Reviewscopeofwork.

b. NegotiatecontractandconsultantsTaskAssignments.

c. Coordinate/NegotiateChangestoScopeofWork.

2. Bridge Scheduling Engineer Responsibilities

a. Addreviewtothebridgeschedule.

b. Assignreviewtoabridgeunitsupervisor.

c. Make2copiesofthereviewplansandspecifications1forthedesignreviewerand1fortheSpecificationsEngineerReviewer

d. MakeacopyoftheLayoutfortheBridgeInventoryEngineer.

3. WSDOT Design Reviewers or Coordinators Responsibilities

a. Earlyintheproject,reviewconsultantsdesigncriteria,andstandarddetailsforconsistencywithWSDOTpracticesandotherbridgedesignsinproject.

b. ReviewthejobfileaspreparedbythePreliminaryPlanEngineer.

c. Identifyresourcesneededtocompletework.

d. Initiateaprojectstart-upmeetingwiththeConsultanttodiscussdesigncriteria,submittalscheduleandexpectations,andalsotofamiliarizehimself/herselfwiththeConsultantsdesigners.

e. Reachagreementearlyinthedesignprocessregardingstructuralconceptsanddesignmethodstobeused.

f. Identifywhoisresponsibleforwhatandwhenallintermediateconstructability,BridgePlans,andBridgePS&Ereviewsubmittalsaretobemade.

g. Monitorprogress.

h. Facilitatecommunication,includingface-to-facemeetings.

i. VerifythattheConsultantsdesignhasbeencheckedbytheConsultantscheckeratthe100%submittal.Thecheckerscalculationsshouldbeincludedinthedesignerscalculationset.

j. ReviewconsultantsdesigncalculationsandplansforcompletenessandconformancetoBridgeOfficedesignpractice.Theplansshallbecheckedforconstructability,consistency,clarityandcompliance.Also,selectivelycheckdimensionsandelevations.

k. Resolvedifferences.

4. WSDOT Design Unit Supervisors Responsibilities

a. Encourageandfacilitatecommunication.

b. Earlyinvolvementtoassurethatdesignconceptsareappropriate.

c. EmpowerDesignReviewerorCoordinator.

d. FacilitateresolutionofissuesbeyondauthorityofWSDOTReviewerorCoordinator.

e. Facilitateface-to-facemeetings.



5. WSDOT S&E Engineers Responsibilities See Section12.4.8.

6. WSDOT Bridge Design Engineers Responsibilities

a. Cursoryreviewofdesignplans.

b. SignatureapprovalofS&Ebridgecontractpackage.

C. Consultant PS&EProjectsonCountyandCityRightofWay

CountiesandcitiesfrequentlyhireConsultantstodesignbridges.WSDOTHighwaysandLocalProgramsOfficedeterminewhichprojectsaretobereviewedbytheBridgeandStructuresOffice.

WSDOTHighwaysandLocalProgramssendthePS&EtotheBridgeProjectsEngineerforassignmentwhenareviewisrequired.TheBridgeandStructuresOfficesConsultantLiaisonEngineerisnotinvolved.

AWSDOTDesignReviewerorCoordinatorwillbeassignedtotheprojectandwillreviewtheprojectasoutlinedforConsultantPS&EProjectsonWSDOTRightofWay(seeSection1.3.2.B).

TwosetsofplanswiththereviewerscommentsmarkedinredshouldbereturnedtotheBridgeProjectsUnit.OnesetofplanswillbereturnedtoHighwaysandLocalPrograms.TheBridgeSchedulingEngineerwillfiletheothersetintheBridgeProjectsUnit.

ThefirstreviewshouldbemadeofthePreliminaryPlanfollowedlaterbyreviewofthePS&Eanddesigncalculations.Commentsaretreatedasadvisory,althoughmajorstructuralissuesmustbeaddressedandcorrected.Anengineerfromthecounty,city,orconsultantmaycontactthereviewertodiscussthecomments.

1.3.3 Design/Check Calculation FileA. File of Calculations TheBridgeandStructuresOfficemaintainsafileofallpertinentdesign/

checkcalculationsfordocumentationandfuturereference.(SeeSection1.3.8ArchivingDesignCalculations,DesignFiles,andS&EFiles).

B. Procedures Afteranassignedprojectiscompletedandthebridgeisbuilt,thedesignershallturninaboundfilecontainingthedesign/checkcalculationsforarchiving.Thefrontcovershouldhavealabel(SeeFigure 1.3.8-1).

C. File Inclusions Thefollowingitemsshouldbeincludedinthefile:

1. Index Sheets Numberallcalculationsheetsandprepareanindexbysubjectwiththecorrespondingsheetnumbers.

Listthenameoftheproject,SRNumber,designer/checkerinitials,date(month,day,andyear),andUnitSupervisorsinitials.

2. Design Calculations Thedesigncalculationsshouldincludedesigncriteria,designassumptions,loadings,structuralanalysis,onesetofmomentandsheardiagramsandpertinentcomputerinputandoutputdata(reducedto8by11sheetsize).

Thedesigncriteria,designassumptions,andspecialdesignfeaturesshouldfollowinthatorderbehindtheindex.

Computer-generateddesigncalculationsmaybeusedinsteadoflonghandcalculations.ThecalculationsheetsshallbeformattedsimilartoWSDOTstandardcalculationsheets(WSDOTForm232-007)forlonghanddesigns.TheheaderforelectroniccalculationsheetsshallcarryWSDOTlogoalongwithprojectname,S.R.number,designerandcheckersname,date,supervisingengineer,andsheetnumbers.

Allcomputer-generatedorlonghanddesigncalculationsshallbeinitialedbythedesignerandchecker.Checkersinitialmaynotbenecessaryifseparatecheckcalculationsareprovided.


WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.12 Page 1.3-11 August 2012

OutputfromcommercialsoftwareshallbeintegratedintodesigncalculationswithacoversheetthatincludestheWSDOTlogoalongwithprojectname,S.R.number,designerandchecker'sname,date,supervisingengineer,andsheetnumbers.

Consultantsubmitteddesigncalculationsshallcomplywiththeaboverequirements.

DesigncalculationspreparedbytheBridgeDesignOfficeorConsultantsneednotbesealedandsigned.Designcalculationsareconsideredpartoftheprocessthatdevelopscontractplanswhicharethefinaldocuments.

See Appendix1.5-A4-1forexamplesofExceltemplateforcomputer-generateddesigncalculations.Codeandotherreferencesusedindevelopingcalculationsshallbespecified.Ingeneral,whenusingExcelspreadsheet,enoughinformationandequationsshallbeprovided/showninthespreadsheetsothatanindependentcheckercanfollowthecalculations.

3. Special Design Features Briefnarrativeofmajordesigndecisionsorrevisionsandthereasonsforthem.

4. Construction Problems or Revisions Notallconstructionproblemscanbeanticipatedduringthedesignofthestructure;therefore,constructionproblemsariseduringconstruction,whichwillrequirerevisions.Calculationsforrevisionsmadeduringconstructionshouldbeincludedinthedesign/checkcalculationfilewhenconstructioniscompleted.

D. File Exclusions Thefollowingitemsshouldnotbeincludedinthefile:

1. Geometriccalculations.

2. Irrelevantcomputerinformation.

3. PrintsofOfficeStandardSheets.

4. Irrelevantsketches.

5. Voidedsheets.

6. Preliminarydesigncalculationsanddrawingsunlessusedinthefinaldesign.

7. Testholelogs.

8. Quantitycalculations.

1.3.4 PS&E Review PeriodSeeSection12.4.10forPS&EReviewPeriodandTurn-inforADCopyactivities.

1.3.5 AddendaPlanorspecificationrevisionsduringtheadvertisingperiodrequireanaddendum.TheSpecificationsandEstimateEngineerwillevaluatetheneedfortheaddendumafterconsultationwiththeHQConstructionBridge,Region,andtheHQorRegionPlansBranch.TheBridgeDesignEngineerortheUnitSupervisormustinitialalladdenda.

Foraddendatocontractplans,obtaintheoriginaldrawingfromtheBridgeProjectsUnit.Useshadingorcloudingtomarkallchanges(exceptdeletions)andplacearevisionnoteatthebottomofthesheet(RegionandHQPlansBranchjointlydetermineaddendumdate)andadescriptionofthechange.Returnthe11by17signedoriginalandcopytotheSpecificationsandEstimateEngineerwhowillsubmitthecopytotheHQPlansBranchforprocessing.SeeChapter12foradditionalinformation.

Forchangestospecifications,submitacopyofthepagewiththechangetotheSpecificationsandEstimateEngineerforprocessing.



1.3.6 Shop Plans and Permanent Structure Construction ProceduresThissectionpertainstofabricationshopplans,weldprocedures,electricalandmechanicalitems,geotechnicalprocedures,suchas:drilledshaftsandtiebackwalls,andothermiscellaneousitemsrelatedtopermanentconstruction.

Thefollowingisaguideforcheckingshopplansandpermanentstructureconstructionprocedures.

A. Bridge Shop Plans and Procedures

1. Markonecopyofeachsheetwiththefollowing,nearthetitleblock,inredpenorwitharubberstamp:

OfficeCopy Contract(number) (Checkersinitials)(Date) ApprovalStatus(A,AAN,RFCorStructurallyAcceptable)

2. OntheBridgeOfficecopy,markwithredpenanyerrorsorcorrections.Yellowshallbeusedforhighlightingthecheckeditems.TheredpenmarkswillbecopiedontotheothercopiesandreturnedtotheRegionProjectEngineer.Commentsmadewithredpen,especiallyfor8by11or11by17sizesheets,shallbeclear,neat,andconducivetobeingreproducedbyXerox.ThesecommentsshouldbebubbledsotheystandoutonablackandwhiteXeroxcopy.Useoflargesheetsshouldbediscouragedbecausetheserequireextrastaffassistanceandtimetomakethesecopiesbyhand.

3. Itemstobecheckedaretypicallyasfollows:CheckagainstContractPlansandAddenda,SpecialProvisions,PreviouslyApprovedChangesandStandardSpecifications.

a. Materialspecifications(ASTMspecifications,hardness,alloyandtemper,etc.).

b. Sizeofmemberandfasteners.

c. Lengthdimensions,ifshownontheContractPlans.

d. Finish(surfacefinish,galvanizing,anodizing,painting,etc.).

e. Weldsizeandtypeandweldingprocedureifrequired.

f. Strandorrebarplacement,jackingprocedure,stresscalculations,elongations,etc.

g. Fabricationreaming,drilling,andassemblyprocedures.

h. Adequacyofdetails.

i. Erectionprocedures.

Forprestressedgirdersandpost-tensioningshopplanreviewseeSections5.6.3Aand5.8.6Crespectively.

4. ItemsNotRequiringCheck

a. Quantitiesinbillofmaterials.

b. LengthdimensionsnotshownonContractPlansexceptforspotcheckingandisemphasizedbystampingtheplans:Geometry Not Reviewed by the Bridge and Structures Office.

5. ProjectEngineersCopy

DonotusetheProjectEngineerscopy(commentsorcorrectionsareingreen)astheofficecopy.TransfertheProjectEngineerscorrections,ifpertinent,totheofficecopyusingredpen.TheProjectEngineerscommentsmayalsobereceivedbye-mail.



6. MarkingCopies

Whenfinished,marktheofficecopywithoneoffivecategoriesinredpen,lowerrightcorner.

a. A

Approved,NoCorrectionsrequired.

b. AAN

ApprovedAsNotedminorcorrectionsonly.Donotplacewrittenquestionsonanapprovedasnotedsheet.

c. RFC

ReturnedforCorrectionmajorcorrectionsarerequiredwhichrequiresacompleteresubmittal.

d. StructurallyAcceptable

ThisisappropriateforitemsthatarenotrequiredtobeApprovedperthecontract,suchas:workplatforms,submittalsfromvariouslocalagenciesordevelopers,andotheritemsthatarereviewedasacourtesy.

e. StructurallyAcceptableButDoesNotConformtotheContractRequirements

Thisisappropriatewhenadeviationfromthecontractisfoundbutisdeterminedtobestructurallyacceptable.

IfindoubtbetweenAANandRFC,checkwiththeUnitSupervisororConstructionSupportEngineer.Anacceptabledetailmaybeshowninred.MarktheplansApproved As NotedprovidedthatthedetailisclearlynotedSuggested Correction Otherwise Revise and Resubmit.

Donotmarktheothercopies.TheConstructionSupportUnitwilldothis.

NotifytheConstructionSupportEngineerifthereareanystructurallyacceptabledeviationstothecontractplans.TheConstructionSupportEngineerwillnotifyboththeRegionProjectEngineerandHQConstruction-Bridge,whomayhavetoapproveachangeorderandprovidejustificationforthechangeorder.

NotifytheUnitSupervisorandtheConstructionSupportEngineerifproblemsareencounteredwhichmaycauseadelayinthecheckingoftheshopplansorcompletionofthecontract.Typically,WSDOTadministeredcontractsrequirereviewstobecompletedwithin30days.ThereviewtimestartswhentheProjectEngineerfirstreceivesthesubmittalfromtheContractorandendswhentheContractorhasreceivedthesubmittalbackfromtheProjectEngineer.TheBridgeOfficedoesnothavetheentire30-dayreviewperiodtocompletethereview.Therefore,designersshouldgiveconstructionreviewshighpriorityandcompletereviewsinatimelymannersocostlyconstructiondelaysareavoided.Timeisalsorequiredformarking,mailingandotherprocessing.ItisthegoaloftheBridgeandStructuresOfficetoreturnreviewedsubmittalsbacktotheProjectEngineerwithin7to14daysoftheirreceiptbytheBridgeConstructionSupportUnit.

ReturnallshopdrawingsandContractPlanstotheConstructionSupportUnitwhencheckingiscompleted.IncludealistofanydeviationsfromtheContractPlansthatareallowedandalistofanydisagreementswiththeProjectEngineerscomments(regardlessofhowminortheymaybe).

IfdeviationsfromtheContractPlansaretobeallowed,aChangeOrdermayberequired.AlerttheConstructionSupportUnitsothattheirtransmittallettermayinformtheRegionandtheHQConstruction-Bridge.

UndernocircumstancesshouldthereviewermarkontheshopplansthatachangeorderisrequiredornotifytheProjectEngineerthatachangeorderisrequired.TheauthorityfordeterminingwhetherachangeorderisrequiredrestswithHQConstruction-Bridge.



B. Sign Structure, Signal, and Illumination Shop Plans InadditiontotheinstructionsdescribedunderSection1.3.6ABridgeShopPlansandProcedures,thefollowinginstructionsapply:

1. ReviewtheshopplanstoensurethatthepolesizesconformtotheContractPlans.Determineifthefabricatorhassuppliedplansforeachpoleortypeofpolecalledforinthecontract.

2. TheProjectEngineerscopymayshowshaftlengthswherenotshownonContractPlansorwhetherachangefromContractPlansisrequired.Manufacturersdetailsmayvaryslightlyfromcontractplanrequirements,butmustbestructurallyadequatetobeacceptable.

C. Geotechnical Submittals TheBridgeOfficeandtheGeotechnicalServicesBranchconcurrentlyreviewthesesubmittalswhichmayincludespecialdesignproprietaryretainingwalls,drilledshafts,groundanchors,andsoldierpiles.HQConstructionOffice-Bridgeisincludedforthereviewofdrillshaftinstallationplans.TheConstructionSupportUnitcombinesthesecommentsandpreparesaunifiedreplythatisreturnedtotheProjectEngineer

1.3.7 Contract Plan Changes (Change Orders and As-Builts)A. Request for Changes Thefollowingisintendedasaguideforprocessingchangestothedesign

plansafteraprojecthasbeenawarded.

ForprojectswhichhavebeenassignedaBridgeTechnicalAdvisor(BTA),structuraldesignchangeorderscanbeapprovedattheProjectEngineerslevelprovidedtheinstructionsoutlinedintheConstruction Manual M41-01arefollowed.

Forallotherprojects,allchangesaretobeforwardedthroughtheConstructionSupportUnit,whichwillinformtheHQConstructionEngineer-Bridge.Responsestoinquiriesshouldbehandledasfollows:

1. Request by Contractor or Supplier Adesigner,BTA,orUnitSupervisorcontacteddirectlybyacontractor/suppliermaydiscussaproposedchangewiththecontractor/supplier,butshallclearlytellthecontractor/suppliertoformallysubmittheproposedchangethoughtheProjectEngineerandthatthediscussioninnowayimpliesapprovaloftheproposedchange.DesignersaretoinformtheirUnitSupervisoriftheyarecontacted.

2. Request From the Region Project Engineer RequestsforchangesdirectlyfromtheProjectEngineertodesignerortheUnitSupervisorshouldbediscouraged.TheProjectEngineershouldcontactHQConstruction-Bridge,whointurnwillcontactthedesignerorUnitSupervisorifclarificationisneededregardingchanges.TheConstructionSupportUnitshouldbeinformedofanychanges.

3. Request From the Region Construction Engineer RequestsfromtheRegionConstructionEngineeraretobehandledlikerequestsfromtheRegionProjectEngineer.

4. Request From the HQ Construction - Bridge RequestsforchangesfromHQConstruction-BridgeareusuallymadethroughtheConstructionSupportUnitandnotdirectlytotheDesignUnit.However,sometimes,itisnecessarytoworkdirectlywiththeDesignUnit.TheConstructionSupportUnitshouldbeinformedofanydecisionsmadeinvolvingchangestotheContractPlans.

5. Request From the Design Unit RequestforchangesfromtheDesignUnitduetoplanerrorsoromissionsshallbediscussedwiththeBridgeDesignEngineerpriortorevisingandissuingnewplansheets.

B. Processing Contract Revisions ChangestotheContractPlansorSpecificationssubsequenttotheawardofthecontractmayrequireacontractplanrevision.Revisedoradditionalplansheets,whichclearlyidentifythechangeontheplans,maybeneeded.Whenarevisionoranadditionaldrawingisnecessary,requesttheoriginalplansheetsfromtheConstructionSupportUnitsBridgePlansEngineerandpreparerevisedorneworiginalplansheets.



Sign,date,andsendthenewplansheetstotheBridgePlansEngineer.SendtwopapercopiestoHQConstruction-Bridge.TheConstructionSupportUnitrequiresonepapercopy.TheDesignUnitrequiresoneormorepapercopies.Onepaperprint,stampedAs Constructed Plans,shallbesenttotheProjectEngineer,whoshalluseittomarkconstructionchangesandforwardthemasAs-Built PlanstotheBridgePlansEngineeruponprojectcompletion.TheDesignerisresponsibleformakingtheprintsanddistributingthem.

ThisprocessappliestoallcontractsincludingHQAdandAward,RegionAdandAward,orLocalAgencyAdandAward.

Whenevernewplansheetsarerequiredaspartofacontractrevision,theinformationinthetitleblocksofthesesheetsmustbeidenticaltothetitleblocksofthecontracttheyarefor(e.g.,JobNumber,ContractNo.,Fed.AidProj.No.,Approvedby,andtheProjectName).ThesetitleblocksshallalsobeinitialedbytheBridgeDesignEngineer,UnitSupervisor,designer,andreviewerbeforetheyaredistributed.Ifthechangesaremodificationsmadetoanexistingsheet,thesheetnumberwillremainthesame.Anewsheetshallbeassignedthesamenumberastheoneintheoriginalsthatitmostcloselyresemblesandshallbegivenaletterafterthenumber(e.g.,ifthenewsheetappliestotheoriginalsheet25of53,thenitwillhavenumber25Aof53).TheBridgePlansEngineerintheConstructionSupportUnitshallstorethe11by17originalrevisionsheets.

Everyrevisionwillbeassignedanumber,whichshallbeenclosedinsideatriangle.Theassignednumbershallbelocatedbothatthelocationofthechangeonthesheetandintherevisionblockoftheplansheetalongwithanexplanationofthechange.

AnyrevisedsheetsshallbesenttoHQConstruction-Bridgewithawrittenexplanationdescribingthechangestothecontract,justificationforthechanges,andalistofmaterialquantityadditionsordeletions.

C. As-Built Plan Process Formoreinformationontheas-builtplanprocessforbridges,seetheAs-Built Plans Manual,preparedbytheBridgeandStructuresOffice,datedAugust2003.CopiesareavailablefromtheBridgePlansEngineer.

1.3.8 Archiving Design Calculations, Design Files, and S&E FilesA. Upon Award TheBridgePlansEngineerwillcollecttheDesignFile(JobFile),S&EFileand

DesignCalculations.FileswillbeplacedinatemporarystoragespacemarkedasDesignUnitDocumentTemporaryStorage.Thesecabinetswillbelocked,andonlytheBridgePlansEngineer,theSchedulingEngineer,andtheOfficeAdministratorwillhavekeystothem.TheDesignFiles,S&EFiles,andDesignCalculationsarestoredunderthecontractnumber.

ABridgeandStructuresstaffmembermayaccesstheDesignFiles,S&EFiles,orDesignCalculationsbyrequestingthefilesfromtheBridgePlansEngineerortheSchedulingEngineer,whowillcheckoutthefilesandnotethedateandpersonsname.IfapersonotherthanaBridgeandStructuresOfficestaffmemberrequeststhesedocuments,theapprovaloftheBridgeDesignEngineerorBridgeProjectsEngineerwillberequiredforreleaseofthedocuments.

B. Upon Contract Completion Thedesignerwillplaceajobfilecoverlabelonthefilefolder(seeFigure 1-3.8-1)andupdatethefilewithanycontractplanchangesthathaveoccurredduringconstruction.

Twoyearsafterphysicalcompletionofthecontract,theBridgePlansEngineerwillboxandsendthedocumentstotheOfficeofSecretaryofStateforarchivestorage,exceptasotherwiseapprovedbytheBridgeDesignEngineer.

TheBridgePlansEngineerwillmaintainarecordofthedocumentslocationandarchivestatus.



SR # County CS # Bridge Name Bridge # Contract # Contents Designed by Checked by Archive Box # Vol. #

Cover LabelFigure 1.3.8-1

1.3.9 Public Disclosure Policy Regarding Bridge PlansTheBridgeManagementEngineeristheBridgeandStructuresOfficesofficialPublicDisclosurecontactandshallbecontactedforclarificationand/ordirection.

ExecutiveOrder,E1023.0 Public Disclosure,whichreplacedDirectiveD72-21 Release of Public Records,providesaspecificproceduretofollowwhenthereisarequestforpublicrecords. (Seewwwi.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/policies/default.htm.)

TheBridgeandStructuresOfficeistheownerofonlytwotypesofofficialrecords:(1)DesignCalculations(untiltheyareturnedovertotheStateArchivesOffice)and(2)BridgeInspectionDocuments.

Norecordswillbedisclosedwithoutawrittenrequest.Thisrequestistobespecific.

As-builtplansavailableontheBridgeandStructureswebsitearenotofficialas-builtplans.TheRegionsaretheownersoftheofficialas-builtplansandtheprocedureforprovidingrequestedcopiesoftheseplansissimilartotheprocedureoutlinedabovewiththefollowingmodifications:

IfyoureceiveawrittenorverbalrequestforasetofplansfromapersonindirectlyworkingforWSDOT(i.e.contractor,consultant),advisethemtocontactandrequesttheplansfromtheWSDOTProjectEngineer.

IftherequestcomesfromapersondirectlyworkingonaBridgeOfficeprojectasanon-callconsultant,havethemcontactandrequesttheplansfromtheBridgeandStructuresOfficesConsultantLiaisonEngineer.

IftherequestcomesfromapersonnotworkingforWSDOT,theymustsubmittheirwrittenrequesttothepersonandaddressnotedbelowanditwillbeforwardedtotheappropriateRegiontoprovidetherequesteddocuments.

Writtenrequestsmustbesentto:

RecordsandInformationServiceOffice WashingtonStateDepartmentofTransportation 310MapleParkAvenue P.O.Box47410 Olympia,WA98504-7410 Attn:Ms.CathyDowns



1.3.10 Use of Computer SoftwareA. Protection of Intellectual Property ManyofthesoftwaretoolsusedbytheBridgeandStructures

Officearelicensedfromcommercialsoftwarevendors.WSDOTiscommittedtousingthesetoolsonlyasallowedbylawandaspermittedbysoftwarelicense.WSDOTemployeesshallcomplywiththetermsandconditionsofalllicensingagreementsandprovisionsoftheCopyrightActandotherapplicablelaws.

BeforeusinganysoftwaretoolsWSDOTemployeesshallreadandunderstandInstructionalLetter4032.00 Computer Software Piracy Prevention, and the Protection of Intellectual Property.1

B. Policy on Open Source Software ItisthepolicyoftheBridgeandStructuresOfficetolicenseitsownengineeringsoftwareasopensource,andtopreferandpromotetheuseofopensourcesoftware,withinthebridgeengineeringcommunity.

Tosupportthispolicyonopensourcebridgeengineeringsoftware,theBridgeandStructuresOfficeisafoundingandparticipatingmemberoftheAlternateRouteProject.ThepurposeoftheAlternateRouteProjectistoserveasafocalpointforthecollaborativeandcooperativedevelopmentofopensourcebridgeengineeringsoftwaretools.

C. Approved Software Tools AlistofapprovedsoftwaretoolsavailableforusebyWSDOTbridgedesignengineersisavailableatwwwi.wsdot.wa.gov/eesc/bridge/software.NotethatthislistisonlyavailableontheWSDOTintranet.WSDOTdoesnotrequireconsultingengineerstouseanyspecificsoftwaretools,solongastheuseofthetoolsareinaccordancewithsoundengineeringpractice,anddoesnotviolatesoftwarelicensingagreementsandCopyrightlaw.

Whenusingpersonaldesigntoolscreatedbyothers,suchasaspreadsheetorMathCADdocument,thedesignerisresponsibleforthoroughlycheckingthetooltoensuretheintegrityofthestructuralanalysisanddesign.



1.4 Coordination With Other Divisions and AgenciesDuringthevariousphasesofdesign,itisnecessarytocoordinatetheelementsofthebridgedesignfunctionwiththerequirementsofotherdivisionsandagencies.E-mailmessages,telephonecalls,andotherdirectcommunicationwithotherofficesarenecessaryandappropriate.Adequatecommunicationsareessentialbutorganizationalformatandlinesofresponsibilitymustberecognized.However,awrittenrequestsentthroughproperchannelsisrequiredbeforeworkcanbedoneordesignchangesmadeonprojects.

1.4.1 Preliminary Planning PhaseSee Chapter2.1ofthismanualforcoordinationrequiredatthepreliminaryplanningphase.

1.4.2 Final Design PhaseA. Coordination With RegionFinalcoordinationofthebridgedesignwithRegionrequirements

mustbeaccomplishedduringthefinaldesignphase.ThisisnormallydonewiththeRegionProjectEngineer,RegionDesignEngineer,orRegionPlansEngineer.DetailssuchasdivisionofquantityitemsbetweentheRegionPS&EandbridgePS&Eareveryimportanttoafinalcontractplanset.TheRegionPS&EandbridgePS&EarecombinedbytheRegionPlansBranch.However,coordinationshouldbeaccomplishedbeforethistime.

DuringthedesignofaprojectforaRegionlevelcontract,theRegionshallprovideacopyoftheproposedstructuralplans(suchasretainingwalls,barrier,largeculverts,etc.)totheBridgeandStructuresOffice.TheBridgeandStructuresOfficewillreviewtheseplansandindicateanyrequiredchangesandthensendthembacktotheRegion.

TheRegionshallincorporatethechangespriortocontractadvertisement.

Aftercontractadvertisement,theRegionshallreturntheoriginalplansheetstoBridgeandStructuresOffice.ThesesheetsshallbeheldintemporarystorageuntiltheRegioncompletestheAsConstructedPlansforthem.

TheRegionshallthentransmittheAsConstructedPlanstoBridgeandStructuresOfficewheretheywillbetransferredtotheoriginalplansforpermanentstorage.Uponrequest,theRegionwillbeprovidedcopiesoftheseplansbytheBridgeandStructuresOffice.

B. Technical Design MattersTechnicalcoordinationmustbedonewiththeHQMaterialsLaboratoryFoundationEngineerandwiththeHQHydraulicEngineerformatterspertainingtotheirresponsibilities.Aportionofthecriteriaforaprojectdesignmaybederivedfromthiscoordination;otherwiseitshallbedevelopedbythedesignerandapprovedbytheBridgeDesignEngineer.

Thedesignershouldensureuniformityofstructuraldetails,biditems,specifications,andotheritemswhentwoormorestructuresaretobeadvertisedunderthesamecontract.



1.5 Bridge Design Scheduling1.5.1 GeneralTheBridgeProjectsEngineerisresponsibleforworkforceprojections,scheduling,andmonitoringprogressofprojects.TheBridge Design Schedule (BDS)isusedtotracktheprogressofaprojectandisupdatedmonthlybytheBridgeSchedulingEngineer.Atypicalprojectwouldinvolvethefollowingsteps:

A. RegionsadviseBridgeandStructuresOfficeofanupcomingproject.

B. TheBridgeProjectsUnitdeterminesthescopeofwork,estimatesdesigntimeandcosttopreparepreliminaryplans,design,andS&E(seeSection1.5.2).TheUnitSupervisormayalsodothisandnotifytheBridgeProjectsEngineer.

C. TheprojectisenteredintotheBDSwithstartandduedatesforsitedatapreliminaryplan,projectdesign,PS&E,andtheAdDate.

D. Bridgesitedatareceived.

E. Preliminarydesignstarted.

F. FinalDesignStartedDesignerestimatestimerequiredforfinalplans(seeSection1.5.3).

G. MonthlyScheduleUpdateEachUnitSupervisorisresponsibleformaintainingaworkforceprojection,monitoringmonthlyprogressforassignedprojects,andreportingprogressoranychangestothescopeofworkorscheduletotheBridgeProjectsEngineer.

H. ProjectturnedintoS&Eunit.

1.5.2 Preliminary Design ScheduleThepreliminarydesignestimatedonebytheBridgeProjectsUnitisbasedonhistoricalrecordsfrompastprojectstakingintoconsiderationtheuniquefeaturesofeachproject,theefficienciesofdesigningsimilarandmultiplebridgesonthesameproject,designersexperience,andotherappropriatefactors.

1.5.3 Final Design ScheduleA. Breakdown of Project Man-Hours RequiredUsingaspreadsheet,listeachitemofworkrequired

tocompletetheprojectandtheman-hoursrequiredtoaccomplishthem.Certainitemsofworkmayhavebeenpartiallycompletedduringthepreliminarydesign,andthispartialcompletionshouldbereflectedinthecolumns%CompletedandDateCompleted.SeeAppendix1.5-A1and1.5-A2.

Thedesignerordesignteamleadershouldresearchseveralsourceswhenmakingthefinaldesigntimeestimate.Thefollowingarepossiblesourcesthatmaybeused:

TheBridgeDesignSummarycontainsrecordsofdesigntimeandcostsforpastprojects.ThissummaryiskeptintheBridgeProjectsUnit.Thetimesgivenincludepreliminaryplan,design,check,drafting,andsupervision.

TheBridgeProjectsUnithasBridgeConstructionCostSummarybooks.Thesearegroupedaccordingtobridgetypesandhaverecordsofdesigntime,numberofdrawings,andbridgecost.

B. Estimate Design Time RequiredThedesignerordesignteamleadershalldetermineanestimateofdesigntimerequiredtocompletetheproject.Theuseofaspreadsheet,orothermeansisencouragedtoensuretimelycompletionandadherencetotheschedule.Use150hoursforonemanmonth.



Thefollowingpercentagesshouldbeusedforthefollowingactivities:

Activity No. Percentage1 402 203 204 55 56 57 5

Total 100%

Theindividualactivitiesincludethespecificitemsasfollowsundereachmajoractivity.

ActivityNo.1 DesignSeeSection1.3.2.A.2Includes:

1. ProjectcoordinationandmaintainingtheDesignFile.

2. Geometriccomputations.

3. Designcalculations.

4. Completecheckofallplansheetsbythedesigner.

5. Computequantitiesandpreparebarlist.

6. Preparingspecialprovisionschecklist.

7. AssemblebackupdatacoveringanyunusualfeatureintheDesignFile.

ActivityNo.2 DesignCheckSeeSection1.3.2.A.3Includes:

1. Checkingdesignatmaximumstresslocations.

2. Checkingmajoritemsonthedrawings,includinggeometrics.

3. Additionalcheckingrequired.

ActivityNo.3 DrawingsSeeSection1.3.2.A.4Includes:

1. Preparationofalldrawings.

ActivityNo.4 RevisionsIncludes:

1. Revisionsresultingfromthecheckerscheck.

2. RevisionsresultingfromtheUnitSupervisorsreview.

3. RevisionsfromS&EEngineersreview.

4. RevisionsfromRegionsreview.

ActivityNo.5 QuantitiesIncludes:

1. Computequantitiesincludingbarlist.

2. Checkquantitiesandbarlist.

ActivityNo.6 S&ESeeSection12.4Includes:

1. PrepareS&E.

2. Prepareworkingdayschedule.

ActivityNo.7 ProjectReviewIncludes:

1. UnitSupervisorandSpecialistsreview.



C. Monthly Project Progress ReportThedesignerordesignteamleaderisresponsiblefordeterminingmonthlyprojectprogressandreportingtheresultstotheUnitSupervisor.TheUnitSupervisorisresponsibleformonthlyprogressreportsusinginformationfromthedesignerordesignteamleader.Anydiscrepanciesbetweenactualprogressandtheprojectschedulemustbeaddressed.Reportanyrevisionstotheworkforceassignedtotheproject,hoursassignedtoactivities,orprojectschedulerevisionstotheBridgeProjectsEngineerandRegion.

Thedesignermayuseacomputerspreadsheet,totracktheprogressoftheprojectandasanaidinevaluatingthepercentcomplete.OthertoolsincludeusinganExcelspreadsheetlistingbridgesheetplansbytitle,bridgesheetnumber,percentdesigncomplete,percentdesigncheck,percentplandetailscompleted,andpercentplandetailschecked.Thisdataallowsthedesignerordesignteamleadertorapidlydeterminepercentofprojectcompletionandwhereresourcesneedtobeallocatedtocompletetheprojectonschedule.



1.6 Guidelines for Bridge Site VisitsThefollowingguidelinesareestablishedtohelpallstaffindeterminingtheneedforvisitingbridgesitespriortofinaldesign.Theseguidelinesshouldapplytoconsultantsaswellastoourownstaff.Inallcases,theRegionprojectengineershouldbemadeawareofthesitevisitsotheymayhavetheopportunitytoparticipate.Regionparticipationisveryusefulpriortopreparingthepreliminarybridgeplans.

1.6.1 Bridge Rehabilitation ProjectsThissectionpertainstomajorbridgerehabilitationprojectsandexcludesrailandminorexpansionjointrehabilitationprojects.Itiscriticalthatthedesignteamknowasmuchaspossibleaboutthebridgewhichistoberehabilitated.Recentbridgeinspectionreports,preparedbyinspectorsfromtheBridgePreservationOffice(BPO),containusefulinformationontheconditionofexistingbridges.Thebridgeinspectionreports,aswellasas-builtplans,areavailableontheIntranetthroughBridge Engineering Information System (BEIST).BPOmaintainsBEIST.

As-builtdrawingsandcontractdocumentsarealsohelpful,butmaynotnecessarilybeaccurate.Atleastonebridgesitevisitisnecessaryforthistypeofproject.Insomecases,anin-depthinspectionwithexperiencedBPOinspectorsisappropriate.Thedecisiontoperformanin-depthinspectionshouldincludetheUnitSupervisor,Region,theBridgeDesignEngineer,andtheBridgePreservationEngineer.

ItmaybenecessarytouseBPOsUnderBridgeInspectionTruck(UBIT)ifthereisaneedtoaccessdetailsandobtainmeasurementsduringthefieldvisit.AdvanceplanningandcoordinationwithBPOwillbenecessaryifUBITequipmentisrequiredbecauseofBPOsheavyworkloadandtheneedtoprovidetrafficcontrolwellinadvanceofthesitevisit.

1.6.2 BridgeWideningandSeismicRetrofits

Forthistypeofbridgeproject,itisimportantthatthedesignteamisfamiliarwiththefeaturesandconditionoftheexistingbridge.ThereisgoodinformationregardingtheconditionofexistingbridgesonBEISTandattheBridgePreservationOffice.As-builtdrawingsandcontractdocumentsarealsohelpful,butmaynotnecessarilybeaccurate.Asitevisitisrecommendedforthistypeofprojectifthebridgetobewidenedhasuniquefeaturesorisotherthanastandardprestressedgirderbridgewithelastomericbearings.

1.6.3 RailandMinorExpansionJointRetrofits

Generally,photographsandsiteinformationfromtheRegionalongwithas-builtplansandconditionsurveyinformationareadequateformostofthesetypesofprojects.However,ifthereisanydoubtabouttheadequacyoftheavailableinformationorconcernaboutaccelerateddeteriorationofthestructuralelementstoberetrofitted,asitevisitisrecommended.

1.6.4 New BridgesGenerally,photographsandsitedatafromtheRegionareadequateformostnewbridgedesigns.However,ifthenewbridgeisareplacementforanexistingbridge,asitevisitisrecommended,particularlyiftheprojectrequiresstagedremovaloftheexistingbridgeand/orstagedconstructionofthenewbridge.

1.6.5 Bridge DemolitionIfbridgedemolitionisrequiredaspartofaproject,asitevisitwouldhelpthedesignteamdetermineifthereareuniquesiterestrictionsthatcouldaffectthedemolition.Ifuniquesiterestrictionsareobserved,theyshouldbedocumented,includedinthejobfile,andnotedonthespecialprovisionschecklist.

Beforemakingasitevisit,theBridgePreservationOfficeandtheRegionshouldbecontactedtodetermineifthereareanyuniquesiteconditionsorsafetyhazards.Propersafetyequipmentandproceduresshouldalwaysbefollowedduringanysitevisit.



Whenmakingasitevisit,itisimportanttoobtainasmuchinformationaspossible.Digitalphotographs,videorecordswithspokencommentary,fieldmeasurements,andfieldnotesareappropriateformsoffieldinformation.Awrittenorpictorialrecordshouldbemadeofanyobservedproblemswithanexistingbridgeorobvioussiteproblems.Thesitevisitdatawouldthenbeincorporatedintothejobfile.Thisinformationwillbeavaluableassetinpreparingconstructibleandcost-effectivestructuraldesigns.

Itisimportanttoincludesitevisitsaspartoftheconsultantsscopeofworkwhennegotiatingforstructuraldesignwork.

1.6.6 Proximity of Railroads Adjacent to the Bridge SiteDuringthesitevisit,itshouldbenotediftherearerailroadtracksorrailroadstructuresadjacenttotheproposedbridgesite.Ifthereare,thiswillrequirethataRailroad Shoring Planbeincludedinthebridgeplansforanyfoundationexcavationadjacenttotherailroad.ThereasonforincludingtheRailroad Shoring Planistoobtainadvanceapprovaloftheshoringplanfromtherailroadsothatwaitingfortherailroadsapprovalwillnotcauseadelayduringconstruction.ThecontractorwillhavetoresubmitarevisedRailroad Shoring PlantotherailroadforapprovalifthecontractorwishestochangeanydetailsoftheapprovedRailroad Shoring Planduringconstruction.

AtthePS&Esubmittalphase,theSpecificationsandEstimatesEngineerwillsendcopiesoftheRailroad Shoring PlantotheWSDOTRailroadLiaisonEngineersoitcanbesenttotherailroadforapproval.



1.99 References1. LRFD Bridge Design Specifications,LatestEditionandInterims.AmericanAssociationofState

HighwayandTransportationOfficials(AASHTO),Washington,D.C.

2. Design Manual,WSDOTM22-01.

3. Construction Manual,WSDOTM41-01.

4. As-Built Plans Manual,WSDOTBridgeandStructuresOffice,August2003.

5. AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design,LatestEditionandInterims.AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficials(AASHTO),Washington,D.C.

WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.06 Page 1.1-A1-1 July 2011

Bridge Design Manual Appendix 1.1-A1 Revision QA/QC Worksheet

Name Approval Signature Date

Revision Author

Revision Checker

Chapter Author

Bridge Design Engineer

BDM Coordinator

Check of Revised Sheets

Revision Description:


Page 1.1-A1-2 WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.06 July 2011


Breakdown of Project Appendix 1.5-A1 Manhours Required Form


Monthly Project Appendix 1.5-A2 Progress Report Form

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WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.11 Page 1.5-A3-1 March 2012

Appendix 1.5-A3 QA/QC Signature Sheet


Page 1.5-A3-2 WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.11 March 2012


Bridge & Structures Appendix 1.5-A4 Design Calculations

1 1 Sheet No. of Sheets CodeS.R. Made By Check By Date

7/7/10Supv Reference

Bridge & StructuresDesign Calculations

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C:\AAWork\Bridge Template.xlsx Sheet1



Chapter 1 General InformatinChapter 1 Contents1.1 Manual Description 1.2 Bridge and Structures Office Organization 1.3 Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA) Procedure 1.4 Coordination With Other Divisions and Agencies 1.5 Bridge Design Scheduling 1.6 Guidelines for Bridge Site Visits 1.99 References Appendix 1.1-A1Appendix 1.5-A1Appendix 1.5-A2Appendix 1.5-A3Appendix 1.5-A4