Chapter 1-1Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter One Basic Concepts of Matter

Chapter 1-1Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech

Chapter OneChapter One

Basic Concepts of MatterBasic Concepts of Matter


© Gary Braasch/CORBIS

Basic Concepts of MatterBasic Concepts of Matter

Volcano Burning


Solid, liquid, and gas statesSolid, liquid, and gas states

Basic Concepts of Matter Basic Concepts of Matter cont’dcont’d

David Schultz/Getty Images

Water can be found in the solid, liquid, and vapor (gaseous) forms simultaneously.


→ Fig. 1.3 Fig. 1.3

The green color of the The green color of the Statue of Liberty results Statue of Liberty results from the reaction of from the reaction of copper with the copper with the components of air.components of air.

Andy Levin/Photo Researchers




"Good" versus "Bad" Properties for a Chemical Substance"Good" versus "Bad" Properties for a Chemical Substance



← The melting of ice cream is a The melting of ice cream is a physical change involving a physical change involving a change of state; solid turns to change of state; solid turns to liquid.liquid.


As a result of chemical As a result of chemical change, bright steel change, bright steel girders become rusty girders become rusty when exposed to moist air.when exposed to moist air.





(a)(a) A magnet and a mixture A magnet and a mixture consisting of potassium consisting of potassium dichromate (orange crystals) dichromate (orange crystals) and iron fillings.and iron fillings.

(b) The magnet can be used to separate the iron

fillings from the potassium dichromate.

James Scherer James Scherer


Fig. 1.6a


Fig 1.7 Matter falls into two basic classes; pure substances and Fig 1.7 Matter falls into two basic classes; pure substances and mixtures. Mixtures, in turn, may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.mixtures. Mixtures, in turn, may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.



Fig 1.8 A pure substance can be either an element or a compound.Fig 1.8 A pure substance can be either an element or a compound.



→ Fig. 1.9Fig. 1.9

Questions used in Questions used in classifying matter classifying matter into various into various categories.categories.




CAG 1.2



← Fig. 1.10 Outward physical

appearance of naturally occurring

elements



→

Abundance of Abundance of elements in elements in the universe the universe and in Earth’s and in Earth’s crust (in atom crust (in atom percent)percent)



← C.C. 1.2C.C. 1.2 Elemental Elemental Composition of Composition of the Human the Human BodyBody



← Table 1.1Table 1.1


← Fig. 1.12 A Fig. 1.12 A computer reconstruction of the computer reconstruction of the surface of a sample of graphite surface of a sample of graphite (carbon) as observed with a (carbon) as observed with a scanning tunneling microscope. The scanning tunneling microscope. The image reveals the regular pattern of image reveals the regular pattern of individual carbon atoms. The color individual carbon atoms. The color was added to the image by was added to the image by computer.computer.


Image courtesy of Veeco Instruments Inc.



→ Fig. 1.13Fig. 1.13

254 million atoms 254 million atoms arranged in a straight line arranged in a straight line would extend a distance would extend a distance of approximately 1 inch.of approximately 1 inch.



Fig 1.14 Molecular structure of (a) chlorine, (b) phosphorus, and (c) Fig 1.14 Molecular structure of (a) chlorine, (b) phosphorus, and (c) sulfursulfur


← Fig. 1.15Fig. 1.15 Depictions of various simple heteroatomic Depictions of various simple heteroatomic

molecules using models. Spheres of molecules using models. Spheres of different sizes and colors represent different different sizes and colors represent different kinds of atoms.kinds of atoms.



Example 1.2 Example 1.2 Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic, Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic, triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and (3) representing triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and (3) representing an element of a compound.an element of a compound.




Practice Example 1.2 Practice Example 1.2

Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic, triatomic, etc. Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic, triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and (3) representing an element of a (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and (3) representing an element of a compound.compound.

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Chapter 1-1Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter One Basic Concepts of Matter