Chapter 03 - Overview

8/12/2019 Chapter 03 - Overview

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ETAP

PowerStation4.0

User Guide

Copyright 2001

Operation Technology, Inc.

All Rights Reserved

This manual has copyrights by Operation Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Under thecopyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of

Operation Technology, Inc. The Licensee may copy portions of this documentation only for the

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trade names of Operation Technology, Inc. or other entities.

Access, Excel, ODBC, SQL Server, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows Me, Windows

98, Windows XP, and Microsoft Word are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

AutoCad is a registered trademark of Autodesk. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation.

PowerPlot is a registered trademark of Jackson & Associates.

Crystal Reports is a registered trademark of Seagate Software.

MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of MathWorks

Screen shot(s) reprinted by permission from Microsoft Corporation.

Operation Technology, Inc. believes that the information contained herein is accurate as of its

publication date, and such information is subject to change without notice. This information is

provided as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not

limited to the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-

infringement. Operation Technology, Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in

this publication or any other documents referenced in this publication.

Operation Technology, Inc.Southern California

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(949) 462-0400 User Support


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Chapter 3

Overview

PowerStation organizes your work on a project basis. Each project provides all the necessary tools and

support for modeling and analyzing an electrical power system. A project consists of an electrical system

that requires a unique set of electrical components and interconnections. In PowerStation, each project

provides a set of users, user access controls, and a separate database in which its elements and

connectivity data are stored.

Operation Technology, Inc. 3-1 ETAP PowerStation 4.0


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Overview Introduction

Access to an existing project file is through a special project file with an .oti extension. The program

database is stored through ODBC into a database file such as Microsoft Access ( *.mdb). These files

work together to provide access control and storage for each project and are named exactly like your

project. PowerStation places all output reports from your program into the same sub-directory where the

database resides.

With PowerStation you can graphically build one-line diagrams and underground raceway systems andperform load flow, short-circuit, motor starting, transient stability, protective device coordination, and

cable derating studies of your electrical system.

The engineering properties of each circuit element can be edited directly from the one-line diagram and/or

underground raceway system. Calculation results are displayed on the one-line diagram for your

convenience.

One of the powerful features of PowerStation is the data integration of cables. A cable not only contains

data representing its electrical properties but it also contains the physical routing information to indicate

the raceways through which it is routed.

PowerStation also contains built-in librariesthat are easily accessible from project files. In addition, youcan add to the existing library data or create new libraries.

This Chapter includes the following sections:

One-Line Diagram

Underground Raceway System (UGS)

Ground Grid Systems

Panel Systems

Dumpster

Library

Cable System

3-D Database

Project View

Project Toolbar

Mode Toolbar

Configuration Toolbar

PSMS Toolbar

Study Case Toolbar

Message Log

In the next three pages maps are provided to describe the general structure and user interface of

PowerStation. These maps include:

ETAPmap Edit Mode

ETAPmap Study Mode

ETAPmap Motor Starting



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Overview ETAP Map Edit Mode

PSMS

Online

Monitoring,

Simulation,Playback &

Supervisory

Control

AC Elements(Edit Toolbar)

Drag & drop AC

elements

Instruments(Edit Toolbar)

Drag & drop PT, CT,

Relays, & Meters.

Schedule Report

ManagerPrint Bus, Branch, &

Load Schedules using

CrystalReports

Display

Options

Options to display

annotations ofelements on the

One-LineDiagramfor Edit Mode.

Base & Revision

Data Indicator

MSG Logger

View the latest messages related

to PowerStation Projects.

Can be expanded or reduced.

Project ViewCreate new

and manipulate

one-line diagramsPresentations,

U/G Cable Raceways,

Ground Grid Systems,Configurations,

and Study Cases;

access Dumpster,

Libraries and all

elements.

Help Line

Displays the

descriptionfor every

entry field.

One-Line Diagram

In Edit Mode

Nested

Composite Network

Dumpster

Can have

unlimited cells

DC Elements(Edit Toolbar)

Drag & drop DC elementsincluding UPS, VFD,

Charger, & Inverter.

Select Mode

Edit Mode: Drag/Drop & Connect ElementsStudy Mode: Load Flow, Short-Circuit, etc.

Menu Bar

Files, Printing, Conversions, Project Standards, Settings & Options, Edit Libraries,

Set Defaults, Select Annotation Fonts, Print Libraries, Base & RevisionData, etc.

Project Toolbar

Files, Printing, Cut, Copy, Paste, Zooming, Grid, Continuity Check, Calculator & Help

Select Status Configuration

Unlimited Configurations to Save

Status of Switching Devices/Loads



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Overview ETAP Map - Study Mode



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Overview ETAP Map Motor Starting

Motor Starting Study

The Study Toolbar changesaccording to the selected

Study Mode.

Nested Networks

Open Composite Motorsor Networks to see the

results invarious units.

Time Slider

diffe es.

Display study results on the one-line diagram at

rent simulation tim

Motor Starting Study Case Toolbar

Select & edit Motor Starting Study Cases, set output report file name, & selectformats to view Crystal Reports or text reports of motor starting results.

RunDynamic

Acceleration

or

Static Starting

studies

Display OptionsResults & Info

annotations

GetOnline

or

Archiveddata



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Overview One-Line Diagram

3.1 One-Line DiagramPowerStation provides a fully graphical editor to construct your one-line diagram. From the One-Line

Diagram Edit Toolbar, you can graphically add, delete, move, or connect elements; zoom in or out;

display grid on or off; change element size, orientation, symbol, or visibility; enter properties; set

operating status; etc.

You can use composite networksand motors with unlimited nesting

capabilities to create uncluttered

and easy to follow one-line

diagrams. Composite networks

allow up to 20 connections from

outside the network, making them

very flexible so they can be used

in a variety of configurations.

Note that the nesting capabilities

of a one-line diagram do not

affect the calculation results inany way. Calculation programs

consider all one-line diagram

components nested to any level.



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Overview Underground Raceway System

3.2 Underground Raceway System (UGS)PowerStation provides a fully graphicalU/G Raceway System (Underground Raceway System). Each

PowerStation project supports a unique U/G raceway system with multiple views of the U/G system.

Each view is conceptually a cross-section of desired raceways and heat sources that are in the same

vicinity.

The figure above shows how to access the U/G Raceway System. Use the U/G Raceway System Edit

Toolbar to add raceways (duct bank and/or direct buried), conduits for duct bank raceways, and locations

for direct buried raceways, external heat sources, and cables to the U/G raceway system. From U/G

raceway system presentations you can graphically arrange raceways, conduits, cables, and external heat

sources to represent cable routing and provide a physical environment to conduct cable ampacity derating

studies. These studies include cable temperature calculation, ampacity optimization, cable sizing, and

transient cable temperature calculation.

Underground Raceway System



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Overview Ground Grid Systems

3.3 Ground Grid SystemsThe safety of people who work and live around electric power installations is of great concern. The

proper design of a grounding system is a key element to improve safety conditions and to protect the lives

of all individuals who are in close proximity of electrical power systems. During unbalanced faults, the

ground potential rise of a grounded structure presents a risk of electrocution to anyone who comes in

contact with the grounded structure. PowerStation provides a three dimensional, fully graphical tool, thatallows for the design of a proper ground grid system, which adheres to IEEE or FEM standards.

Ground Grid

To begin working with the Ground Grid Systems, one must first insert a ground grid on the One-Line

Diagram. To do so, the Ground Grid button located on the AC Edit tool bar must be selected. By double

clicking on the ground grid itself from the One-Line Diagram, and after choosing which the standard

(IEEE or FEM) to be used for the design, the Ground Grid Editor screen can be accessed. A few of the

many useful design features built into the Ground Grid Systems module are: calculation of safe step and

touch potentials for any type of ground grid shape, 3D graphic profiles and tabular results of the step and

touch voltage values, optimum numbers of parallel ground conductors and rods, ground resistance and

ground potential rise, cost of conductors and rods used, account for soil type and configuration.

Ground Grid Systems Screen



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Overview Panel Systems

3.4 Panel SystemsPowerStation allows for the modeling of electrical panels used in electrical power systems, directly on the

One-Line Diagram. The number of panels that can be represented is unlimited, since PowerStation

supports the nesting of panels. Therefore, a panel can be connected to a sub-panel, and in turn, a sub-

panel can be connected to yet another downstream panel elsewhere in the circuit. Each panel can be

modeled as either a 3 phase or a single-phase panel. The 3 phase panels could be either 3 wire or 4 wireconfigurations, while single-phase panels can be 2 or 3 wire configurations. Internally, each panel is

comprised of protective devices and a collection of circuits that supply system loads.

PanelSystems

Panels are added to the One-Line Diagram by clicking on the Panel Systems button located in the AC Edit

Tool bar, and dropping the panel anywhere on the One-Line Diagram. Once added to the diagram, double

clicking on the panel symbol will open the Panel Editor, and allow for panel and circuit information to be

specified. The user can customize useful information such as Panel ID, Phase Connections, Panel Rating,Number of Circuits, Circuit schedule, and Load Summary.



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Overview Dumpster

3.5 DumpsterThe system Dumpster consists of a number of Cells that contain elements that you have deleted or copied

from the one-line diagram or underground raceway systems. When you initially cut an element or group

of elements from the one-line diagram or underground raceway system, PowerStation places these in a

Dumpster Cell. These Cells are kept within the Dumpster until you explicitly purge them from the

Dumpster. When a Cell is purged from the Dumpster, PowerStation automatically deletes all elements inthe Cell from the projects database. While an element or group of elements are inside a Dumpster Cell,

you may move or paste copies of the contents of the Cell back into the one-line diagram or underground

raceway system. Thus, the Dumpster provides a convenient holding location for elements while you are

actively constructing a one-line diagram or underground raceway system. The Dumpster presentation can

be activated only from the Project View.

What Happens to IDs When Elements are Copied or Cut into the Dumpster?

Elements that are placed in the Dumpster using the Copy command will have new IDs.

Elements that are Cut into the Dumpster will retain their original IDs.

IDs of the elements Purged from the Dumpster are reusable.

What Happens to IDs When Elements are Pasted or Moved From the Dumpster?

Elements that are pasted from the Dumpster will have new IDs.

Elements that are moved from the Dumpster will retain their original IDs.

Purging Elements from a Project

When you a Dumpster Cell, elements within that Cell are removed from the project database

completely (permanently).

All the Dumpster Cells (entries) may be removed from the project using Purge All.

Editing Within the Dumpster You CANNOT copy, size, rotate, or change symbols of elements inside the Dumpster.

Elements may be relocated inside the Dumpster.

You can hide or show protective devices (PDs) inside the Dumpster.

Status of PDs and loads CANNOT be changed inside the Dumpster.

Navigators within the editors are NOT functional for elements in the Dumpster.

Elements CANNOT be reconnected inside the Dumpster.



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Overview Dumpster

Controlled Dumpster

The controlled dumpster is a mechanism for locking information into the dumpster and is used only when

the PowerStation project is passwords-enabled.

When PowerStation cuts any elements from a UGS or one-line diagram, the dumpster cell to which theelements are assigned is designated as a controlled dumpster cell. When the dumpster cell is designated

as a controlled dumpster, the designation has NO meaning unless the project is passwords enabled.

When passwords are enabled, the controlled dumpster is treated as a special entity with the following

attributes:

1. The controlled dumpster is displayed as a controlled dumpster by displaying the designation (C) or

(CC) on its title (in the Dumpster list window).

The designation C (Controlled Dumpster Cell) is used to indicate that this is a controlled

dumpster cell which is not checked. These cells cannot be purged until they are checked.

The designation CC (Checked Controlled Dumpster Cell) is used to indicate that this is acontrolled dumpster cell and it has been checked by a checker. A user with Project or Base

Editor permissions can purge these cells.

2. The background of a (C) controlled dumpster is painted the color of INI values, ControlUGSColor or

ControlOLVColor. The background is painted in the specified color only when the project setting has

Project/Options/Display changed data in RED selected or the project user is a Checker.

3. When moving a cell from a controlled dumpster to the one-line diagram or UGS, twobehaviors are exhibited:

If the controlled dumpster cell is a (C) dumpster, the elements are simply moved as normal, i.e.,

no special action is taken to flag elements checked or unchecked. The dumpster cell is thendestroyed as normal.

If the controlled dumpster cell is a (CC) dumpster, the elements are moved as normal but, in

addition, all property values are forced dirty and are flagged as unchecked (will show red in the

editors). This is, for all purposes, identical to dropping a new element on the one-line diagram or

UGS. The dumpster cell is then destroyed as normal.

4. When in checker mode, the controlled dumpster cells appear in the checkers list and can be

checked as any other element can be checked. The act of checking a controlled dumpster

changes its designation from (C) to (CC). This also sets the dumpster background color to

normal.

5. A Project Editor (or Base Editor) cannot purge a controlled dumpster with designation (C).

The Project Editor can purge a controlled dumpster with designation (CC). The checkermust check a controlled dumpster cell before it can be purged.



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Overview Library

3.6 LibraryPowerStation provides the library structure for the following circuit elements: cable, cable fire protection,

motor (nameplate, model, characteristic, load), low voltage circuit breaker, high voltage circuit breaker,

fuse, overload heater, harmonic, and battery. The PowerStation library file is named etaplib.liband is

located in the Lib folder in PowerSTN directory. Using Library Quick Pick you can view and retrieve

library data from the element editors in your project.

To edit or add library data, double-click on the Libraries folder in Project View to expand the folder.

Then double-click on the library of your choice to open its editor. From a library editor you can add, edit,

copy, and delete library data. The Library menu on the menu bar offers another method to access and edit

library data. You can create an unlimited number of library headers and data entries for each library.



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Overview Library

You can also create new libraries by right clicking on the Library folder in Project View and selecting

Create. Use the right-click menu options to locate and open other PowerStation library files, or Save,

Save As, or Purge the library in current use.

To convert ETAP DOS library files, select the Convert ETAP DOS Lib command from the Library

Menu on the menu bar, select the library type to be converted, and then locate and convert the ETAP

DOS library file.

Each PowerStation project file can be attached (associated with) one library only. To attach a project file

to a different library, use the Open Library command from the Project View (right-click on Libraries) or

Library icon on the Project Menu Bar.

There are a number of libraries available for many devices in PowerStation. Each library is customized

for the specific device it pertains to. Details regarding each library can be found in the library section

from the list below:

Battery

Cable

Cable Fire Protection

Fuse

Harmonic

Interruption Cost

Induction Motor Nameplate

Induction Motor Model

Induction Motor Characteristic

Induction Motor Load

Low Voltage Circuit Breaker

High Voltage Circuit Breaker

Overload Heater

Reliability



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Overview Cable Systems

3.7 Cable SystemsData integration between the One-Line Diagram and U/G Raceway System includes electrical

properties, routing, and physical attributes of cable. For example, a cable contains data representing its

electrical properties and bus connections that are used for Load Flow studies, and it also contains the

physical data and routing information associated with the raceways through which it is routed.

Cables in PowerStation are categorized in three groups (One-Line, Equipment, and UGS).

One-Line Cable

One-Line cables, cables that are placed in the one-line diagram,appear as a graphical element in the

one-line diagram or Dumpster presentations. This is a cable that you add to the one-line diagram as a

branch to connect buses. To route a one-line cable through a raceway, click on the Existing Cable icon on

the Edit Toolbar in an underground raceway presentation, select a cable from the drop-down list, and then

drop it inside a raceway conduit or location. You can also route a one-line cable through a raceway from

the Cable Editor, Routing page. Note that this action will attach (assign) the cable to the raceway but willnot place it in a specific conduit or location.

Equipment Cable

Equipment Cable, a cable that is placed in an editor as a feeder for a load,is attached to equipment

such as motors and static loads as a feeder cable, but does not appear graphically as a branch element on

the one-line diagram. This is a cable that you add to equipment from the property editors (Cable/Vd

page) of static load and motors. To route an equipment cable through a raceway, click on the Existing

Cable icon on the Edit Toolbar in an underground raceway presentation, select a cable from the drop-

down list, and then drop it inside a raceway conduit or location. You can also route an equipment cable

through a raceway from the Cable Editor, Routing page. Note that this action will attach (assign) the

cable to the raceway but will not place it in a specific conduit or location.

UGS Cable

UGS cables, cables that are placed only in underground raceways, are used exclusively within the

underground raceway system. This is a cable that is routed through an underground duct bank or direct

buried raceway, but does not exist in the one-line diagram or as an equipment cable. Raceway cables can

be graphically placed in raceway conduits or locations by clicking on the New Cable icon on the Edit

Toolbar in underground raceway presentations. Raceway cables can be graphically dragged to a one-line

diagram to make it into a one-line cable. However, a raceway cable cannot become an equipment cable.



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Overview 3-D Database

3.8 3-D DatabasePowerStation organizes an electrical system into a single project. Within the project, PowerStation

provides three major system components.

PresentationUnlimited, independent graphical presentations of the one-line diagram to represent the one-line

diagrams for any propose such as impedance diagram, study results, plot plan, etc.

ConfigurationUnlimited, independent system configurations to keep track of the status of switching devices (open

and closed), motors and loads (continuous, intermittent, and Spare), MOVs (open, closed, throttling,

and spare).

Revision DataBase data & up to 15 Revision data to keep track of changes and modifications of the engineering

properties (nameplate, settings, etc.) of elements.

These three system components are organized in an orthogonal fashion to provide you with great power

and flexibility in constructing and manipulating your PowerStation project. Using the concept of

Presentation, Status Configuration, and Revision Data, you can create numerous combinations of

networks of diverse configurations and varying engineering properties that allow you to fully investigate

and study the behavior and characteristics of the electrical networks using one database. This means that

there is no need to copy your database for different system configurations, What If studies, etc.

PowerStation uses a 3-D database concept to implement Presentations, Configurations, and Base &Revision Data. The use of this multi-dimensional database concept allows you to independently select a

particular Presentation, Configuration Status, or Revision Data within the same project database. These

selections can be used in conjunction with multiple loading categories and multiple study cases to quickly

and efficiently perform system design and analysis without the possibility of data discrepancies caused by

multiple copies of a single project file being used to account for various system changes.



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3.8.1 PresentationsWhen a new project is created, a one-line diagram presentation will be created and displayed on your

screen. This is where you build a one-line diagram presentation of your electrical system. PowerStation

allows you to create as many presentations of a one-line diagram as you wish. This powerful feature

provides you with the ability to customize each one-line diagram presentation with different graphicalrepresentations, as shown below. One presentation may have some or all protective devices visible, while

another presentation may have a completely different layout which is best suited for displaying load flow

results, and so on.

Two Presentations of a One-Line Diagram

Customized Features of Presentations

One-line diagram presentations have many independent features such as:

Graphical Locationof elements and connectors Sizeof the elements (five sizes)

Symbols(ANSI & IEC standard symbols for AC & DC elements)

Element Grouping including connectors

Element Orientation (0, 90, 180, & 270 degrees)

Annotation Orientation(-90, -45, 0, 45 & 90 degrees)

Visibility Options(hide & show) for switching & protective devices

Display Options of Annotations (results, AC, AC-DC, & DC elements)

Display Options for each operating Mode(Edit, Load Flow, Short-Circuit, etc.)

Griddisplay option and its size

Continuity Checkoption (on or off)

Status Configurationassociation Print Options(print size, centering, printer type, paper size, etc.)

Additionally, each presentation remembers (stores) the last configuration, operating mode, zoom ratio,

view location, print setup, etc.



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3.8.2 Status ConfigurationPowerStation provides the configuration capability allowing you to configure the operating status of the

various electrical elements that you use to construct the one-line diagram in your project. Electrical

components such as circuit breakers, fuses, and switches can have open or closed status. Loads and

motors may be operating continuously, intermittently, or can be spare. The following comments helpdefine the operation of the configuration concept:

When you attach a configuration to a one-line diagram presentation, all elements in that presentation

assume the predefined status as they have been saved under that configuration.

Each configuration is independent of the others since the status of elements can be set independently

for each configuration.

Any configuration can be attached to any one-line diagram presentation. Conversely, any or all one-

line diagram presentations can be attached to the same configuration at the same time.

You can create as many configurations as you desire.

To attach or associate a configuration to a presentation, activate the presentation, open the

Configuration drop down list from the Mode & Configuration Toolbar, and select a configuration

status.

Switching Status Configuration from Normal to Stage 1

Using status configuration capabilities, you no longer need to keep several copies of one project to

perform electrical system studies for different configurations. In addition, when you modify engineering

properties or add new elements to the one-line diagram, the changes will be automatically saved for all

configurations.



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Changing Status of Devices

The status of switching devices (fuse, contactor, HV circuit breaker, LV circuit breaker, switch, double-

throw switch, and panels main disconnect) can be changed from their editors or from the right-click

menu, as shown below.

Status Change of a Switching Device for Configuration Normal

The status of load devices (synchronous motor, induction motor, lumped load, MOV, static load,

capacitor, and filter) can be changed from their editors, as shown below.

Status Change of Load Devices for Configuration Stage1



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Create New Status ConfigurationsYou can create new configurationsonly from the Project View. To do this, right-click on Status under

Configurations and select Create New. The status of the elements for the newly-created configuration is

shown in the Dialog Box.

Create a new Status Configuration XYZ

The following Status Configurations are reserved for PSMS and cannot be renamed or purged. These

configurations are active when PSMS is online.

OnLine Online Monitoring Mode

Playback Playback Mode

Advisory Advisory Control Mode

Supervisory Supervisory Control Mode

Duplicate Status ConfigurationsTo create a new configuration, which has the same element status as an existing configuration, from the

Project View, right-click on an exiting configuration and select Duplicate.

Duplicating Configuration Stage 1 to XYZ



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3.8.3 Revision DataRevision Data is the third orthogonal system component that is provided by PowerStation. The

engineering data associated with the elements in your project are stored in the project database.

PowerStation provides ready access to 16 different revisions of the engineering data associated with each

element. PowerStation establishes revision level 0 of the data as Base Data. You may use Revision 1-15at any time to vary engineering parameters associated with any or all of the elements on the one-line

diagram withoutimpacting, or changing, the Base Data. PowerStation constrains your project to the use

of one revision at a time, and you must be in Base Data in order to add or delete system elements or make

connectivity changes to your one-line diagram.

The primary use for the Revision Data is to enable you to run What if studiesfor an electrical system

where you can readily vary the engineering data of the networks components and compare the results

with the Base Data or other Revisions. For example, you can change the impedance of a transformer in a

Revision (keeping the Base Data untouched) and compare the short-circuit results with the Base Data.

Other applications of Revision Data is for future modifications of the system without changing your

Base Data, e.g., add a new substation to an existing system and keep all new modifications in a RevisionData. In this case, the Base Data represents the actual existing system and a Revision Data represents the

future modifications. To do this, you first need to add the new elements for the substation to the Base

Data and flag them as Out of Serviceso they will not affect the study results of the existing system. In

Revision Data, set the flag to In Serviceand enter all other required properties. When the new substation

is commissioned, merge the Revision Data to Base Data to save that particular modification.

You can change the names of any Revision Data from the Project Menu Bar (Revision Data under

Settings)

Changing Names of Revision Data



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PowerStation provides a number of Revision Data utilities that allow you to readily switch, merge, and

purge Revision Data. For example, different Revisions can be merged together to form a new Revision to

study the effect of all changes and modifications at the same time.

Revision Data is integrated with user access control to restrict user access from manipulation of Base

Data, i.e., only users with access levels Project Editor or Base Editor can manipulate Base Data. This

user access restriction provides peace-of-mind in knowing that specific sections of the project can only bealtered by those authorized to make these kinds of changes.

PowerStation keeps track of delta differences between a Revision and the Base Data, i.e., the delta is zero

when you activate a Revision for the first time. When you are in a particular Revision Data and you

change a single property of an element, that element (with its new engineering properties) is saved for this

Revision. In this case, the delta between this Revision and Base Data is one element only. Any

subsequent change in the properties of this element in the Base Data will not affect this Revision.However, any changes to the Base Data for other elements that have not been altered in this Revision will

be used when you run studies with this Revision Data active.

PowerStation provides a method to flag the delta difference between any Revision and Base Data. These

flags are shown in green in the Project View. In the example shown below, Gen3 is flagged as anelement that has parameters different from the Base Data. Also note that the Cable components is

flagged green with integer 2printed next to it, meaning that there are two cables in this Revision that are

different from the Base Data.

Note that:

An element CANNOT exist in a Revision without existing in the Base Data.

You CANNOT purge the Base Data.

You can merge a Revision into Base Data or into other Revision Data.

When you merge the Base Date into a Revision, that Revision is deleted, i.e., there is no delta

difference between that Revision and the Base Data.

You CANNOT save or close a project while you are in a Revision level of data.



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Overview Project View

3.9 Project ViewPowerStation provides a special view of your project called the Project View. The Project View is a

graphical tree representation that includes Presentations, Configurations, Study Cases, Libraries, and

Components associated with your project. The Project tree can be expanded to display these items.

Clicking on a "" symbol (inside a square) increases the tree expansion, showing more details. Clickingon a "" symbol (inside a square) decreases the tree expansion, showing fewer details. Selecting an itemby right clicking on it will display a context menu that allows you to perform some actions on the selected

item.

User ID and Access

One-Line Diagram Presentations

Right-Click to Create New

resentations

UGS presentations are created only from the Project View

Dumpster can be accessed only from the Project View

Status Configuration

(Rightclick to Rename, Purge, or Duplicate)

Project Filename

Right-click to create new Study Cases

Right-click to Open, Save, Save As,

Create, and Purge Libraries

Right-click to View, Copy/Merge, and

Purge Motor Nameplate Library

Right-click to Findan element or edit its properties.

You can find elements in the last active one-linediagram presentation, or in any desired presentation.



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Overview Project Toolbar

3.10 Project Toolbar

The Project Toolbar contains icons that allow you to perform shortcuts of many commonly used functions

in PowerStation. All of these functions are described in detail in different sections such as One-Line

Diagram Menu Bar and One-Line Diagram Presentation, both of which explain the graphical user

interface of the one-line diagram.

Create Create a new project file

Open Open an existing project file

Save Save the project file

Print Print the one-line diagram or U/G raceway system

Cut Cut the selected elements from the one-line diagram or

U/G raceway system to the Dumpster

Copy Copy the selected elements from the one-line diagram orU/G raceway system to the Dumpster

Paste Paste elements from a Dumpster Cell to the one-line diagram or

U/G raceway system

Zoom In Magnify the one-line diagram or U/G raceway system

Zoom Out Reduce the one-line diagram or U/G raceway system

Zoom to Fit Page Re-size the one-line diagram to fit the window

Show Grid Lines Display the grid lines on the one-line diagram

Check Continuity Check the system continuity for non-energized elements

Power Calculator Activate Power Calculator

Help Point to a specific area to learn more about PowerStation

Power CalculatorThe Power Calculator relates Mw, Mvar, Mva, kV, Amp, and PF together for three-phase systems and

displays them in either kVA or Mva units. You have an option to keep one of the four variables (Mva,

Mw, Mvar, or PF) fixed and calculate the rest.



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Overview Mode Toolbar

3.11 Mode ToolbarPowerStation consists of the One-Line Diagram (AC and DC Power System) and the Underground

Raceway System. In general, PowerStation has three modes of operation; Edit, AC Study, and DC

Study. The AC Study mode consists of Load Flow, Short-Circuit, Motor Starting, Transient Stability,

and Relay Coordination analysis.

Mode Toolbar Indicating Motor Starting Mode

Edit Mode

Edit mode enables you to build your one-line diagram, change system connections, edit engineering

properties, save your project, and generate schedule reports in Crystal Reports formats. The Edit

Toolbars for AC Elements, DC Elements, and Instrumentation Elements will be displayed to the right of

the screen when this mode is activated by pressing the pencil icon.

Mode Toolbar Indicating Motor Starting Mode

This mode provides a wide variety of tasks including:

Drag & Drop Elements

Connect Elements

Change IDs

Cut, Copy, & Paste Elements

Move From Dumpster

Insert OLE Objects

Cut, Copy & OLE Objects

Merge PowerStation Projects

Hide/Show Groups of Protective Devices

Rotate Elements

Size Elements

Change Symbols

Edit Properties

Run Schedule Report Manager

AC, DC, and Instrumentation Edit Toolbars



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Study Mode

Study modes enable you to create and modify study cases, perform system analysis, view alarm/alert

conditions and view output reports and plots. When a study mode is active (selected), the Study Toolbar

for the selected study is displayed on the right of the screen. By clicking on the buttons on the Study

Toolbar, you can run studies, transfer data, and change display options. The available study modes andassociated Study Toolbars are shown below.

Load Flow

Short-Circuit

ANSI Short-Circuit Duty

ANSI 30 Cycle Faults

ANSI Unbalanced Faults

IEC Short-Circuit Duty

IEC 909 Short-Circuit

IEC Unbalanced Faults

IEC 363 Short-Circuit

Motor Stating Dynamic Acceleration

Static Starting

Harmonics

Harmonic Load Flow

Harmonic Frequency Scan

Transient Stability

Transient Stability

Generator Start-Up

Relay (Device) Coordination

Optimal Power Flow

Reliability Assessment

DC Load Flow

DC Short-Circuit

Battery

Battery Sizing

Battery Discharge

In addition to the Study Toolbar, a Study Case Toolbaris displayed automatically when one of the studymodes becomes active. The Study Case Toolbar allows you to control and manage the solution

parameters and output reports.



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3.11.2 Underground Cable Raceway Systems (UGS)When working with the Underground Cable Raceway presentations, the Mode Toolbar changes as shown

below.

Edit Mode

Edit mode enables you to build your underground raceway system, change system

configurations, edit engineering properties, and save your project. This mode allows for a

wide variety of tasks including Drag & Drop Elements, Copy, Cut, Paste, Size, and Edit

Properties.

Note that elements can be added directly to the system from the UGS Edit Toolbar.

Study Mode

The study mode enables you to create and modify solution parameters (Study Cases), perform steady-

state and transient temperature calculations, optimize cable ampacities, size cables, and view output

reports and plots.

Study Toolbar for Underground Cable Raceway Systems

3.11.3 Ground Grid Systems (GGS)When working with the Ground Grid presentation, the Mode Toolbar change as shown below.

Edit Mode

Edit mode enables you to build your ground grid based on the

IEEE (regular shapes) or Finite Element Method (Irregular shapes).

Study Mode

The study mode enables you to create and modify solution parameters

(Study Cases), perform calculations, optimize number of conductors,

optimize number of conductors and rods, and view output reports and

plots.

Edit and Study Toolbar for

Ground Grid Systems



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Overview Configuration Toolbar

3.12 Configuration ToolbarFrom this drop down list you can activate any one of the existing status configurations and change the

status of switching devices (open / close), loads (continuous / intermittent / spare), and MOVs (open /

closed / throttling / spare) to the pre-saved settings. Note that when you change the status of any device,

it is changed for the active configuration only and does not effect other configurations.

You can create new configurationsonly from the Project View. To do this, right-click on Status under

Configurations and select Create New. The status of elements for the newly created configuration is a

duplicate of the default Configuration. To create a new configuration, which has the same element status

as an existing configuration, from the Project View, right-click on the exiting configuration and select

Duplicate.



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Overview PSMS Toolbar

3.13 PSMS ToolbarPSMS mode is operational only for PowerStation Management System (PSMS). PSMS is an online

extension to ETAPPowerStation power system analysis software. By combining Window NTclient-

server modular architecture with state-of-the-art remote monitoring, simulator, and supervisory control

applications, PSMS can interface with any combination of computer workstations, data storage devices

(historians), IEDs, and other SCADA systems.

PSMS enables you to connect your existing power system to PowerStation; collect, monitor, and log live

data; set alarms; simulate system responses; execute control actions; run What if" studies; and view

output reports and plots.

While monitoring and logging in the background, you can simulate Load Flow, Short-Circuit, Motor

Starting, Transient Stability, Optimal Power Flow or Operation of the system with data that reflects the

current status and loading of the system. Previously stored system configuration data, and loading canalso be used for simulations.

Monitoring Mode

Takes the active one-line diagram (presentation) into online monitoring mode. PSMS monitoring is a

sophisticated modern alternative to traditional monitoring systems. In monitor mode, PSMS acquires

real-time data from the electrical system via the monitoring devices, processes the data (using State

Estimator and Load Distributor), resets the alarms, stores all parameters, and finally graphically displays

the data on the graphic one-line diagram.

Playback Mode

In playback mode, PSMS retrieves data from the historian and displays it on the one-line diagram.

Control Mode

This mode allows the user to open or close circuit breakers and receive status confirmations.

Advisory Mode and Supervisory Control

PSMS Optimal Load Management (OLM) program is the most powerful tool for power system control,

planning, design, and operation. OLM allows for optimization of the system through utilization of

available controls including:

Generator voltage/var Control

Generator MW Control Transformer LTC Control

Shunt Compensation Control

Series Compensation Control

Switching Capacitor Control

Load Shed Control

Contact Operation Technology, Inc. for a complete product description of PSMS.



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Overview Study Case Toolbar

3.14 Study Case ToolbarThis toolbar is displayed automatically when you are in one of the study modes. The Study Case Toolbar

allows you to control and manage the study solution parameters and output reports.

Study Case

The Study Casedrop-down list lets you select a previously created study case name and display it. The

solution parameters specified in the displayed study case are used when you run a new study. To create a

new study case, select Study Casesfrom the Project View and right-click on the desired study case type

such as load flow, short-circuit, motor starting, transient stability, and U/G raceway systems.

Edit Study Case

Click on the Edit Study Case icon to edit the selected study case. Study Case Editors include Load Flow,

Short-Circuit, Motor Starting, Transient Stability, and U/G Raceway System.

Output Report

The Output Report drop-down list lets you select a previously created output report and display it.

When you run a study, the displayed file name will be used for the output report and plot. To create a

new file name for your reports, select Prompt from the Output Reportdrop-down list and perform a

study. PowerStation will prompt you to enter a new file name for the output report and plots.

List Output Reports

Click on this icon to list all PowerStation output reports. From this drop-down list, you can preview all

previously created output reports, which can be in the form of Crystal Reports or text reports.

Report Format

From this drop-down list, select a report format you want to use for your output report. These formats

include standard text format and Crystal Reports formats.

Alert View (AC Load Flow and AC Short Circuit)

After running the AC Load Flow or AC Short Circuit analysis, this report format identifies buses and

cables in the system that are either faulted, at critical or marginal levels, by using a color coded display

method for each affected element. Alert View will also output this information on a printed report.

View Report Manager

Click on the View Report Managericon to display the contents of the current output file. If TextRept(text report) is selected as the report format, the output report will be displayed in Microsoft Word,

WordPad, Notepad, or any program you have selected in the PowerStation INI file to view text files. If

one of the Crystal Reports formats is selected, then the PowerStation Report Viewer allows you to browse

and print your customized report. Text reports generated by PowerStation are 132 characters wide and 66

lines per page. See Printing and Plotting for details on how to format text reports for 8 1/2 by 11 papers.



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Overview Message Log

3.15 Message LogPowerStation uses the message log to record certain activities when you are working with your

PowerStation project. For example, PowerStation records an entry whenever you open or close a project.

In addition, PowerStation records entries when you delete OLE objects or update OLE links and

whenever some internal errors are encountered. The greatest use of the message log is reserved for the

on-line operations of PowerStation (PowerStation Management System).

The display size of the message log can be changed by pulling the top end up or down. For most

applications you can minimize the display size of the message log to zero.

The operation of the message log is completely transparent to you, the user. PowerStation automatically

tends it. You may, however, customize the log by setting the maximum number of entries that

PowerStation will display in the message log at any given time. Additionally, you may set the size of the

text logs generated by PowerStation. To customize the message log, see Section 1.6, INI File. The

default entries for Slog Size and Max Display Mugs are:

Slog Size=128Max Display Mugs=255



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Overview Tutorial

3.16 TutorialThis tutorial provides a brief overview of the basic operation of the PowerStation program. Once you

finish this tutorial, you will be familiar with some the key features and capabilities of the program and the

various options available for performing power system analysis.

Starting PowerStation

Start the ETAP PowerStation program by double-clicking on the icon.

Opening the Example Project File

Follow these simple steps to open the EXAMPLE project file:

Enter your User Name in the LogonEditor and select theProject Editoroption in the SelectAccessLevelEditor.

As previously mentioned, PowerStation organizes all work as projects. Each project provides all the

necessary tools and support for modeling and analyzing an electrical power system. Projects consist of

electrical systems that require unique electrical components and interconnections. The Example project

includes a one-line diagram of an electrical system. Notice the toolbars on the top and the right-hand side

of the one-line diagram.

One-line Diagram and EditorsPowerStation provides a fully graphical user interface for constructing your one-line diagram. Here you

can graphically add, delete, relocate, and connect elements, zoom in or out, display grid off or on, change

element size, change element orientation, change symbols, hide or show protective devices, enter

properties, set operating status, etc.



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Overview Tutorial

PowerStations One-Line Diagram is a one-line representation of a power system. The one-line diagram

is the starting point for all studies. You can graphically construct your electrical system by connecting the

buses, branches, motors, generators, and protective devices in any order from the One-Line Diagram Edit

Toolbar. You can connect the elements to the buses graphically or from their editors. You can double-

click on elements to open their editors and edit the engineering properties, which include ratings, settings,

loading, connections, etc.



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Overview Tutorial

Editors

Double-click on the Power Grid (Utility) symbol on the One-Line Diagram and view the UtilityEditor. This is where you enter data for the utility machine model.

Select different pages of this editor and look at the type of information that you can provide tomodel a utility machine.

Click on OK and close the editor.

Double-click on other elements and explore their editors. Each available element has acustomized editor.



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Overview Tutorial

Double-click on the synchronous motor Syn1and view its editor. This is where you enter dataused for synchronous motor models

Editors are designed so that you can enter a minimum amount of information and be able to run different

studies. Voltage and HP data are all you need to perform most studies . If you are interested in

modeling a motor dynamically for motor acceleration or transient stability studies, you need to enter more

detailed information such as the motor model, inertia, and load model.

To illustrate this point a simple exercise is included at the end of this tutorial.

Click on OK and close the editor.



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Overview Tutorial

Composite NetworksYou may consider a composite network to be an aggregate of all components in a sub-system since it can

contain buses, branches, loads, sources, and even other composite networks or composite motors. You

can nest your subsystems to an unlimited number of layers. This allows you to construct systems and nest

elements by their voltage levels, by physical layout, by the geometrical requirements of elements, by

study requirements, by relays and control device requirements, by logical layout of elements, etc. Youhave full control as to how the system should be nested.

Double-click on the composite network Sub3 Net. The Sub3 Net view, which is a one-linediagram nested inside the main one-line diagram, appears.

To change the number of pins, right-click on Sub3 Net and select Pins.



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Overview Tutorial

Composite networks can have 4, 8, 12, 16, or 20 external connection points (pins). These are thetop pin (~Top1); left pins (~Left1 to ~Left9), right pins (~Rt1 to ~Rt9), and the bottom pin

(~Bot1). Right-click on the background of the composite network Sub3Net to hide or show

unconnected pins.

Composite Network Sub3 Net with 8 Pins

The pins for the composite motors can be connected to any bus, branch, load, or protective device. Oncea pin is connected internally or externally to an element, it becomes a proxy for that element and all

connection rules for the element apply to the connected pin. To illustrate this, both AC & DC elements

are added to Sub3 Net and are displayed here.

The number of levels that you can nest composite networks inside of other composite networks is

unlimited. There is no limitation on the number of elements that you can include inside a composite

network. The user interface characteristics of composite networks are the same as the One-Line Diagram

where you can include both AC and DC elements.



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Overview Tutorial

Composite Motors

Double-click on the composite motor Comp Mtr1. The Comp Mtr1 view, which is a one-linediagram nested inside the main one-line diagram, appears.

1

2

Composite motors are used as a tool to group motors in the system. The elements that you can include

inside a composite motor are:

AC Composite MotorInduction Motor

Synchronous Motor

Lumped Load

Static Load

MOV

Composite Motor

Circuit Breaker (LV & HV)

FuseContactor

Switch

Instrument Transformers

Relays

DC Composite MotorDC Motor

DC Lumped Load

DC Static Load

DC Elementary Diagram

DC Composite Motor

DC Circuit Breaker

DC Fuse

The number of levels that you can nest composite motors inside composite motors is unlimited.



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Overview Tutorial

One-Line Diagram Menu Bar

The One-Line Diagram Menu Bar contains a comprehensive collection of menu options. This menu bar

is displayed when a one-line diagram is active. The One-Line Diagram menu bar contains a list of menu

options which, when an option is selected, activates a drop-down list of commands. Someof the menu

options also activate an additional list of menus (an arrow pointing to the right denotes an additional

menu). For example, select Project, Settings, and Data Type.

Project Toolbar

The Project Toolbar contains icons that allow you to perform shortcuts of many commonly used functions

in PowerStation.

Mode Toolbar

In general, PowerStation has three modes of operation; Edit, AC Study, and DC Study. The AC Studymode consists of Load Flow, Short-Circuit, Motor Starting, Harmonics, Transient Stability, Relay

Coordination, Optimal Load Flow, and Reliability Analysis. The DC Study mode consists of DC Load

Flow, DC Short-Circuit, and Battery Sizing analysis.



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Overview Tutorial

Edit Mode

Edit mode enables you to build your one-line diagram, change system connections, edit engineering

properties, save your project, and generate schedule reports in Crystal Reports formats. The Edit

Toolbars for both AC and DC elements will be displayed to the right of the screen when this mode is

active.

To addelements to the one-line view:

Click on any of the elements on the right-hand side toolbar. The cursor symbol changes to

the symbol shape.

Move the cursor to any location on the one-line view.

Click again and the element is added to the one-line view.

To connectelements in the one-line view:

For practice, add a bus and a transformer to the one-line view.

Move your cursor to the top pin of the transformer close enough that a red square appears.

Left-click, hold, and drag the cursor to the bus close enough that the bus becomes red.

Release the mouse button, and the connection is completed.



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Overview Tutorial

Study Modes

Study modes enable you to create and modify study cases, perform system analysis, and view output

reports and plots. When a study mode is active (selected), the Study Toolbar for the selected study is

displayed on the right side of the screen.

By clicking on the buttons on the Study Toolbar, you can run studies, transfer data, and change display

options. As an example, Load Flow Analysis Mode is described in this document.

Load Flow Analysis Mode

Go to Load Flow Mode by clicking on the Load Flow Analysis button on the Mode Toolbar.

Note that the right-hand side tool is now changed to the Load Flow Toolbar. Also, the Study

Case Toolbar appears on the top toolbar.

Click on the Run Load Flowicon on the Load Flow Toolbar.Study results will be displayed on the one-line diagram.

Review the calculation results and familiarize yourself with the type of

Run Load Flow

Display Options

Report Manger

Alert

information displayed on your one-line diagram.

Click on the Display Options and explore the variety of options available for the displayedresults.

Click on the Alert to display Critical and Marginal limit violations for the selected output report.

Click on the Report Manager to view and/or print any part of the output report.



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Overview Tutorial

Click on the Edit Study Case button on the Study Case Toolbar and study the solution parametersand alert settings available for Load Flow Analysis.



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Overview Tutorial

6. Enter 2000 for HP and click on any other field. The program automatically enters typical nameplate

data for the specified motor size. Click on OK.

7. Switch to Load Flow Mode.

8. Run load flow.

Note that the Study Case (solution parameters) for this run is LF 100A and

the output report filename is LF100rpt.

Load Flow Anal sis

Run Load Flow



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Overview Tutorial

9. Look at the results displayed before and after Mtr2 is added. Use the Display Options to change

display

Load Flow Results Before Motor Addition

L d Fl R lt Aft M t Additi

Documents

Chapter 03 - Overview