Chapter 001 Medical Terminology

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Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1

The Language Of

Medicine10thedition

Davi-El len Chabner


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Chapter 1

Basic Word Structure



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Chapter Goals

Identify basic objectives to guide yourstudy of the medical language.

Divide medical words into their

component parts.

Learn the meanings of basic combiningforms, prefixes, and suffixes of the

medical language. Use these combining forms, prefixes, and

suffixes to build medical words.


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Chapter 1

Lesson 1.1


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Objectives in Studying

The Medical Language

Analyze words by dividing them into

component parts.

Relate the medical terms to the structureand function of the human body.

Be aware of spelling and pronunciation

problems.


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QUICK QUIZ:

1. All medical terms have:

A. a combining vowel

B. two rootsC. a suffix

D. a prefix


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QUICK QUIZ: (contd)

2. Which element appears at the beginning

of a medical term?

A. Suffix

B. Prefix

C. Combining vowel

D. Combining form



Word Analysis

HEMAT/O/LOGY



Word Analysis (contd)

HEMAT/O/LOGY

root suffixcombining vowel

hemat means blood

-logy means process of study




Important elements:

Root: foundation of the term

Suffix: word endingPrefix: word beginning

Combining vowel: vowel (usually o) thatlinks the root to the suffix or the root to

another root and aids pronunciationCombining form: combination of the root

and the combining vowel




ELECTR/O/CARDI/O/GRAM




ELECTR/O/CARDI/O/GRAM

root root suffixcombining vowels

electr means electricity

cardi means heart

-gram means record


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GASTR/ITIS


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GASTR/ITIS

root suffix

gastr means stomach

-itis means inflammation

Note: Drop combining vowel when suffix starts

with a vowel (as in itis)


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GASTR/O/ENTER/O/LOGY


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GASTR/O/ENTER/O/LOGY

root root suffix

combining vowels

gastr means stomach

enter means intestines

-logy means process of study


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Word Analysis(contd)

THREE General Rules:

1. Read the meaning of medical terms

from the suffix back to the beginning

of the term and across

2. Drop the combining vowel (usually o)

before a suffix beginning with a vowel:

gastritisnotgastroitis

3. Keep the combining vowel between

two roots: gastroenterology not

gastrenterology


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HYPO/GASTR/IC


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HYPO/GASTR/IC

prefix root suffix

hypo- means below

gastr means stomach

-ic means pertaining to


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EPI/GASTR/IC


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EPI/GASTR/IC

prefix root suffix

epi- means above

gastr means stomach-ic means pertaining to


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Combining Forms

aden/o _________

arthr/o _________

bi/o _________

carcin/o _________

cardi/o _________

Combining Form Meaning


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Combining Forms (contd)

aden/o gland

arthr/o joint

bi/o life

carcin/o cancerous, cancer

cardi/o heart



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QUICK QUIZ:

3. Which term means inflammation

of the gland?

A. ArthritisB. Adenitis

C. Adenoma

D. Cephalic


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Combining Forms

cephal/o _________

cerebr/o _________

cis/o _________

crin/o _________

cyst/o _________



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cephal/o head

cerebr/o cerebrum

cis/o to cut

crin/o to secrete

cyst/o urinary bladder



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cyt/o _________

derm/o or dermat/o _________

electr/o _________

encephal/o _________

enter/o _________



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cyt/o cell

derm/o or dermat/o skin

electr/o electricity

encephal/o brain

enter/o intestines



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QUICK QUIZ:

4. Which term means study of cells?

A. Cystoscopy

B. CystitisC. Cytology

D. Hematology


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Combining Forms

erythr/o _________

gastr/o _________

glyc/o _________

gnos/o _________

gynec/o _________

hemat/o or hem/o _________



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erythr/o red

gastr/o stomach

glyc/o sugar

gnos/o knowledge

gynec/o woman, female

hemat/o or hem/o blood



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hepat/o _________

iatr/o _________

leuk/o _________

log/o _________

nephr/o _________

neur/o _________



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hepat/o liver

iatr/o treatment, physician

leuk/o white

log/o study of

nephr/o kidney

neur/o nerve



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onc/o _________

ophthalm/o _________

oste/o _________

path/o _________

ped/o _________



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onc/o tumor

ophthalm/o eye

oste/o bone

path/o disease

ped/o child



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psych/o _________

radi/o _________

ren/o _________

rhin/o _________

sarc/o _________



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psych/o mind

radi/o x-rays

ren/o kidney

rhin/o nose

sarc/o flesh



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sect/o _________

thromb/o _________

ur/o _________



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sect/o to cut

thromb/o clot, clotting

ur/o urinary tract, urine



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Suffixes

-ac _________

-al _________

-algia _________

-cyte _________

-ectomy _________



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Suffixes (contd)

-ac pertaining to

-al pertaining to

-algia pain

-cyte cell

-ectomy excision, removal



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QUICK QUIZ:

5. Which suffix means to cut out or remove?

A.-ectomy

B. -scopy

C. -itis

D.-opsy


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Suffixes

-emia _________

-genic _________

-globin _________

-gram _________

-ic, ical _________



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Suffixes (contd)

-emia blood condition

-genic produced by or in

-globin protein

-gram record

-ic, ical pertaining to



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Suffixes (contd)

-ion _________

-ist _________

-itis _________

-logy _________

-oma _________



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Suffixes (contd)

-ion process

-ist specialist

-itis inflammation

-logy process of study

-oma tumor, mass, swelling



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Suffixes (contd)

-opsy _________

-osis _________

-pathy _________

-scope _________

-scopy _________



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Suffixes (contd)

-opsy process of viewing

-osis condition, usually abnormal

-pathy disease condition

-scope instrument to visually examine

-scopy process of visually examining



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Suffixes (contd)

-sis _________

-tomy _________

-y _________



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Suffixes (contd)

-sis state of; condition

-tomy process of cutting, incision

-y process, condition



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Prefixes

a-, an- _________

aut-, auto _________

dia- _________

end-, endo- _________

epi- _________

ex-, exo- _________



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Prefixes (contd)

a-, an- no, not, without

aut-, auto- self, own

dia- complete, through

endo- within

epi- above, upon

ex-, exo- out, outside of, outward



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Prefixes (contd)

hyper- _________

hypo- _________

in- _________

peri- _________

pro- _________



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Prefixes (contd)

hyper- excessive, above, more than normal

hypo- deficient, below, under, less than normal

in- into, in

peri- surrounding, around

pro- before, forward



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Prefixes (contd)

re- _________

retro- _________

sub- _________

trans- _________



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Prefixes (contd)

re- back, backward, again

retro- behind

sub- below, under

trans- across, through



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Pronunciation of Terms

Whenis above a vowel, the sound is long.For example:

as in pe

as in pen

When is above a vowel, the sound is short.For example:

as in pple

as in pt

The capitalized syllable is accented.

P i ti f T


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Pronunciation of Terms

(contd)

Examples:

adenitis d--N-ts

biology b-OL--j

cephalic se-FL-k

iatrogenic i-t-r-JN-k

resection r-SK-shn

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Chapter 001 Medical Terminology