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chap1student
Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Chapter 1
Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
1-1
Instructor: Quinn V. Bui, DC, MPH, MS
Semester: Fall, 2005
Credit: 4
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Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy – ____________________
Physiology – __________________
Structure is always related to function
1-3
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Levels of Organization
Atom – ________ atom, lithium atom
Molecule – water molecule, ______ molecule
Macromolecule – protein molecule, _____ molecule Organelle – _____________, Golgi apparatusCell – muscle cell, nerve cellTissue – loose connective tissue, muscle tissue Organ – ______, femurOrgan System – skeletal system, digestive system
Organism - _________1-4
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Characteristics of Life
Movement – _______________; motion
Responsiveness – _____________ a change
Growth – increase in size
Respiration – obtaining __________; removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from foods
Reproduction – production of new organisms and new cells
1-6
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Characteristics of Life
Absorption – passage of ____________ through membranes and into body fluids
Circulation – movement of substances in body fluids
Assimilation – changing of _________________ into different substances
Excretion – removal of wastes
Digestion – breakdown of food substances
1-7
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Requirements of Organisms
Water- ______________ substance in body- required for _______________ processes- required for transport- regulates ___________________
Food- supply energy- supply raw materials
1-8
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Requirements of Organisms
Oxygen- ___________________- used to release energy from nutrients
Heat- _________________- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
Pressure - ___________________ – important for breathing - hydrostatic pressure – keeps ___________flowing
1-9
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Homeostasis
Body’s maintenance of a stable ____________________
Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes
•Receptors - ____________________•Control center - tells what a particular value should be•Effectors - ________________________ change internal environment
1-10
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Serous Membranes
Thoracic Membranes•_________ pleura•_________ pleura•________pericardium•Parietal pericardium
Visceral layer – ____________________Parietal layer – __________________________
Abdominopelvic Membranes•Visceral peritoneum•_____________________
1-13
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Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Position – body ______________, facing _________, upper limbs at the sides, __________ forward
Terms of Relative Position•________________________•Anterior versus Posterior•___________________•Ipsilateral versus Contralateral•Proximal versus Distal•Superficial versus Deep
1-18
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Body Sections•Sagittal / Midsagittal or Median•Transverse / Cross•Coronal or Frontal•Oblique
1-19
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Clinical ApplicationMedical Imaging
1-22
•Noninvasive procedures•Provide images of ____________________ structures
Magnetic Resonance Imaging•Requires ______________•Produces computerized ____________, _________, and __________ sections of area being studied
________________ •Use of high-frequency sound waves•Relatively _____ and inexpensive