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The 8051 Microcontroller andEmbedded Systems

CHAPTER 0

INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTING

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Before you can drive the Robotic Car, you must

pass your HW Code Test then your PDL.

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OBJECTIVES

l Convert any number from base 2, base 10, or base 16 to either of the other two basesl Add and subtract hex numbersl Add binary numbersl Represent any binary number in 2's complementl

Represent an alphanumeric string in ASCII codel Describe logical operations AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND, NORl Use logic gates to diagram simple circuitsl Explain the difference between a bit, a nibble, a byte, and a wordl Give precise mathematical definitions of the terms kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, and

terabyte.

l Explain the difference between RAM and ROM and describe their usel Describe the purpose of the major components of a computer systeml List the three types of buses found in computers and describe the purpose of each type of

bus

l Describe the role of the CPU in computer systemsl List the major components of CPU and describe the purpose of each

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

l Binary logic

Figure 02 Binary Signals

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

l Logic gates

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

l Logic design using gates

Figure 03 Two Implementations of a Half-Adder

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

Figure 04 Block Diagram of a Half-Adder

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

Figure 05 Full-Adder Built from a Half-Adder

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

Figure 06 3-Bit Adder Using 3 Full-Adders

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

Figure 07 Address Decoders

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SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER

Figure 08 D Flip-Flops

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SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER

l Some important terminology

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SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER

l Internal organization of computers

Figure 09 Inside the Computer

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SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER

l More about the data bus

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SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER

l More about the address bus

Figure 010 Internal Organization of Computers

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SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER

l Inside CPUs

Figure 011Internal Block Diagram of a CPU

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SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER

l Internal working of computers

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Next

l Lecture Problems Textbook Chapter 0 Answer as many questions as you can and

submit via MeL before the end of the lecture.(HINT: Do the easy questions first)

l Proteus Exercise Textbook Chapter 0 Do as much of the Proteus exercise as you can

and submit via MeL before the end of the lecture.