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Chap. 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange
AP Biology
Mr. Orndorff
March 2004
Internal transport in Aurelia (Fig. 42.1)
Open and closed circulatory systems (Fig. 42.2)
Vertebrate circulatory systems (Fig. 42.3)
Mammalian cardiovascular system (Fig.
42.4)
Heart of mammal
(Fig. 42.5)
Cardiac cycle (Fig. 42.6)
Control of heart rhythm (Fig. 42.7)
Blood flow in veins (Fig. 42.9)
Blood flow velocity, cross-sectional area, and pressure (Fig. 42.10)
Blood flow in capillary beds (Fig. 42.11)
Movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial fluid (Fig. 42.12)
Mam-mal
Blood (Fig.
42.13)
Differentiation of blood cells (Fig. 42.14)
Blood clotting (Fig. 42.15)
Role of gas exchange in
bioenergetics (Fig. 42.17)
Diversity in gill structure (Fig. 42.18)
Fish gill
(Fig. 42.19)
Countercurrent exchange (Fig. 42.20)
Respiratory adaptations of terrestrial animals
TRACHEAL SYSTEM• All insects.• Network of air tubes
to nearly every cell.• Body movements
compress and expand air tubes to keep system ventilated.
LUNGS• Spiders, snails, and
vertebrates.• Network of air tubes
exchange gases with capillaries in lungs.
• Closed circulatory system exchange gases with cells.
Negative pressure breathing (Fig. 42.23)
Avian respiratory system(Fig. 42.24)
Automatic control of breathing
(Fig. 42.25)
Loading and unloading of respiratory
gases (Fig. 42.26)
Oxygen dissociation curves for hemoglobin (Fig. 42.27)
Quartenary protein structure (Fig. 5.23)
Cooperativity (Fig. 6.17)
Carbon dioxide
transport in the blood (Fig.
42.28)
CO2 transport in blood
• In tissues: carbonic anhydrase
CO2 (in excess) + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3 (diffuses into blood plasma)
• In lungs: carbonic anhydrase
H+ + HCO3 (in excess) H2CO3 CO2 (diffuses into lungs) + H2O