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Channelling Popular Discontent:Holocaust
Where did Anti-semitism come from?
● Jews spread through Europe during the middle ages
● Jews were often isolated within the communities○ Very faithful to their religion○ Faith in their religion helped ensure they were
fairly educated● Often had to be quite mobile for various
reasons● As rights increased for everyone and also
increased for the jewish people○ Leading to further integration within the
community
Anti-semitic origins
● Jews were looked at as Jesus killer/God killer● Jew were often involved with money lending
○ Europeans would blame the Jews for taking their money from them(swindling them)
○ Often Jews were expelled by lords/monarchs when they couldn’t pay back their loans to the Jews
● Martin Luther○ “Set fire to their synagogues or schools
● 19th century - Jews were used to change and were relatively educated○ With the rise of the middle class often Jews
were able to easily integrate into these positions
○ Europeans looked at this as a threat○ Jews became the backbone of European
middle class
Influential Thinkers behind Hitler’s Anti-SemitismJohann Fichte “Letter to the German Nation” (1762-1814)
● Law of blood to be part of a nation● You can’t join a nation, you must be born into
a nation (Point 4 on Nazi 25 points)● Against Jews gaining civil rights
Edouard Drumont ‘The Jewish France’ (1844-1917)
● Thought Jews were building a state within a state(Anti-nationalists)
● He helps develop that there is a greater international plan
● Jewish race ‘scientifically’ has negative characteristics
Influential Thinkers behind Hitler’s Anti-Semitism
Arthur de Gobineau(1816-1882)
● Wrote about how there are higher races and lower races
● Uses ‘scientific’ theory to prove that the aryan race is the master race
● Believe Aristocrats were in their position because of the purity of their aryan genetics
● This corresponds with the Nazi racial theories and their belief in the great man theory
Jews Before the Holocaust
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzxidXqH7uLlcWU5WTVvWEMwZE0/preview
Nuremberg Laws
September 1935
● Jews excluded from citizenship● Prohibited from marrying or having sexual
relations with Germans● Judaism was no longer a religion it was a
racial characteristic● Non-practicing jews still included as their
blood was jewish● ID cards had J put on them to signify them
being Jewish
German Races:
● Nordic Race● Falic Race● Welsh Race
Public Shaming
Austrian Jews after anschlusse
Kristallnacht
November 9/10 1938
● A jew killed a german ambassador in France○ Goebels uses this event to inspire rage
throughout society● SA and Hitler Youth were involved with
breaking shops windows, looted shops, burning down synagogues, public beatings
● Police were informed not to act○ Also instructed to jail young healthy jews
■ 30,000 arrested■ Moved to concentration camps
● Firefighters ensured the burning of synagogues didn’t spread to other buildings
● Jews were blamed for the destruction and fined 1 billion marks
Ghettoization of Jews
● As the Nazi’s gain ground throughout Europe they establish Ghetto’s for the Jewish populations
● Ghettos were enclosed over crowded areas● Vast majority of inhabitant would die from
disease, starvation, or from being deported to a death camp.
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzxidXqH7uLlLVhZcjBnSmVFcEk/preview
Final Solution
● The plan to get rid of the European Jewish population
● Extensively planned● Carried out by Nazi Einsatzgruppen and local
contributors● The extensive use of concentration camps
and then death camps● Towards the end of the war Hitler seems
more committed to killing the Jews even amidst defeat.○ Ramping up the train shipments○ Death camps running constantly trying to
maximize death
Dina Beilter
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzxidXqH7uLlcTRZY0xVc2xJUjA/preview
Tibi Ram
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzxidXqH7uLlQ1FIRUFTM19mSlk/preview
Ambulance
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzxidXqH7uLldl9RZVFVQ2drQWs/preview
Nicholas Winton
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7AhE4HWVbUXTURsZ243WGNEa1k/preview