Changes in smoking habits among Changes in smoking habits among 11-17 years old adolescents11-17 years old adolescents

1Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health

2Eötvös Lóránd University, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Department of Personality and Health Psychology

Pénzes MelindaPénzes Melinda11

melindapenzes@gmail.commelindapenzes@gmail.com

Mónok KataMónok Kata22

Balázs PéterBalázs Péter11

EstimatedEstimated smoking smoking prevalence prevalence among adolescents in Hungaryamong adolescents in Hungary• 23.2% - 13-15 years (GYTS 2008)

• 39% - 15-24 years: (Eurobarometer 2009)

• 17.9% and 17.6% - Grade 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th boys and girls (HBSC 2006)

• 33% - 15-16 years (ESPAD 2007)

Background and Objectives

SMOKING

Changes in one-year period

Sociodemographicsage

grade settlement

type of schoolschool achievement

Parental smoking

Smoker friends

Anti-smoking school program

Body perception

Weight concerns

Belief that smoking can control weight

Methods

• Self-administered questionnaires – overlapping questions for Survey I and Survey II

• Budapest and Debrecen, Győr, Miskolc, Pécs, Szeged

• SPSS 17.0

• Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, binary logistic regression

2009/2010 winter 2010/2011 winter 2011/ 2012 winter

Grade Grade 66thth & 9 & 9thth Grade Grade 88thth & 11 & 11ththGrade Grade 77thth & 10 & 10thth

actual position

Longitudinal study of body weight control and tobacco smoking among adolescents

This publication was made possible by Grant Number 1 R01 TW007927-01 from the Fogarty International Center, the This publication was made possible by Grant Number 1 R01 TW007927-01 from the Fogarty International Center, the National Cancer Institute, and the National Institutes on Drug Abuse, within the National Institutes of Health (NIH).  Its National Cancer Institute, and the National Institutes on Drug Abuse, within the National Institutes of Health (NIH).  Its

contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the NIH.contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the NIH.

Sample characteristicsResearch Survey I Survey II

Grade 6th 9th Total 7th 10th Total

Students (n) 807 1401 2208 740 1341 2081

Participate in follow up (n) - - - 525 849 1374

Participating schools (n) 36 42 78 33 40 73

Participating classes (n) 63 47 110 42 58 100

Gender (n)

Boy 407 586 993 372 562 934

Girl 400 815 1215 368 778 1146

Age (years)

Mean (SD) 12,1 (0,6) 15,1 (0,7) 14,0 (1,6) 13,1 (0,7) 16,1 (0,7) 15,0 (1,6)

Range 11-15 14-19 11-19 12-17 14-19 12-19

Type of school (%)

Elementary school - - 36,5 - - 32,1

High school - - 27,0 - - 25,3

Vocational school - - 36,4 - - 42,7

School achievement (%)

≤3,50 21,5 43 35,4 27,4 53,5 44,5

≥3,51 78,5 57 64,6 72,6 46,5 55,5

Changes in smoking prevalence I.

Grade 6th 7th Change 9th 10th Change

Experimenters (%)

Survey I and II 24.8 27.1 2.3 61.7 67.4 5.7

Follow up 21.5 33.3 11.8 57.4 69.5 12.1

Current smokers (%)

Survey I and II 6.3 7.8 1.5 34.5 40.0 5.5

Follow up 4.4 7.3 2.9 26.9 38.0 11.1

Experimenters: tried smoking even one puff .

Current smokers: were smoking during the past 30 days.

Total Follow up

Survey I Survey II Change Survey I Survey II Change

Experimenters (%) 48.2 53.2 5.0 43.7 55,7 12.0

Current smokers (%) 24.2 28.5 4.3 18.3 26.4 8.1

Changes in smoking prevalence II.

Survey I – Categories of smokers by gender and school class%

%

Students in follow up

Tried cigarette smoking between Survey I and Survey II (%)

11,9

Boy 12,9

Girl 11,1

7th class 11,7

10th class 12,0

Quitted smoking between Survey I and Survey II (%)

3,4

Boy 3,5

Girl 3,4

7th class 1,9

10th class 4,4

Became current smoker between Survey I and Survey II (%)

11,4

Boy 11,2

Girl 11,5

7th class 4,8

10th class 15,4

Changes in smoking prevalence

%

p<0,05

Survey ISurvey I Survey IISurvey II Survey I-IISurvey I-II

OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI

Gender Boys 1.00 1.00 1.00

Girls 1.21 0.97-1.51 1.42** 1.10-1.84 1.31 1.00-1.71

Settlement Cities 1.00 1.00 1.00

Capital (Budapest) 1.01 0.81-1.27 1.02 0.79-1.32 1.45** 1.11-1.91

Type of school Elementary 1.00 1.00 1.00

High school 2.08* 1.55-2.80 3.00* 2.14-4.20 2.82* 1.99-4.01

Secondary specialized school 2.16* 1.60-2.93 2.64* 1.89-3.71 2.36* 1.64-3.40

Vocational school 2.48* 1.56-4.07 12.06* 5.19-28.02 4.85* 2.16-10.91

School achievement ≤3,50 1.00 1.00 1.00

≥3,51 0.47* 0.37-0.60 0.48* 0.36-0.64 0.51* 0.37-0.70

Parental smoking None 1.00 1.00 1.00

One parent 1.75* 1.37-2.24 1.57** 1.18-2.08 1.21 0.90-1.64

Both parents 1.44** 1.06-1.95 1.35 0.93-1.95 1.10 0.75-1.60

Smoker friends None 1.00 1.00 1.00

1-3 2.69* 2.04-3.54 2.88* 2.09-3.95 2.31* 1.68-3.20

4-5 8.35* 6.13-11.38 9.28* 6.56-13.14 5.81* 3.95-8.55

Anti-smoking school program No 1.00 1.00 1.00

Yes 1.09 0.82-1.44 1.14 0.77-1.68 1.09 0.77-1.53

Predictors of smoking experimentation *p<0.001; **p<0.05

Survey ISurvey I Survey IISurvey II Survey I-IISurvey I-II

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys

OR [95% CI] OR [95% CI] OR [95% CI] OR [95% CI] OR [95% CI] OR [95% CI]

Higher subjective BMI

1.05* 1.10** 1.07* 1.04* 1.02 1.14**

[1.01-1.10] [1.05-1.15] [1.03-1.12] [1.01-1.08] [0.97-1.08] [1.07-1.22]

Desire to lose weight

1.002 0.65 0.89 0.81 1.19 0.54*

[0.70-1.43] [0.41-1.03] [0.65-1.21] [0.54-1.21] [0.77-1.84] [0.30-0.95]

Smoking can help weight reduction

1.68* 1.42 1.48* 1.93* 1.32 1.24

[1.19-2.39] [0.93-2.17] [1.06-2.06] [1.31-2.83] [0.86-2.03] [0.72-2.13]

Smoking has appetite-weight control effect

1.02* 1.02* 1.02* 1.01 1.02* 0.99

[1.01-1.04] [1.01-1.04] [1.01-1.03] [0.99-1.02] [1.01-1.04] [0.98-1.02]

*p<0.05; **p<0.001

Interrelations between weight concerns and current smoking

Conclusion

• Experimenters and current smokers prevalence – girls

– grade 9th 10th

• Experimentation: 13 years old

• Follow up sample– 11.4% became current smoker

– 3.4 % quitted smoking

• Main predictors of smoking experimentation– type of school, poorer school achievement, one parent smoking,

more smoker friends

• Current smokers– higher subjective BMI

– no desire to lose weight

– belief that smoking can decrease weight and appetite

Thank you for your attention!