Challenges to Environment - January28,2012

8/3/2019 Challenges to Environment - January28,2012

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THE CHALLENGE

OF

SUSTAINABILITY


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HAVE IN DEPTH

UNDERSTANDING ON THEDANGER POSED BY AIR ,

WATER AND LAND

POLLUTION.


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POLLUTION


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POLLUTION

Pollution is the introduction of a

contaminant into the environment. It is

created mostly by human actions, but canalso be a result of natural disasters.

Pollution has a detrimental effect on

any living organism in an environment,making it virtually impossible to sustain

life.


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Pollution harms the Earthsenvironment and its inhabitants in

many ways.

The three main types of pollution are:


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LAND POLLUTIONLand pollution is pollution of the Earths

natural land surface by industrial,

commercial, domestic and agricultural

activities. It occurs when waste

is not disposed properly. Health hazarddisposal of urban and industrial wastes,

exploitation of minerals, and improper use

of soil by inadequate agricultural practices

are a few factors.Urbanization

and industrialization are major causes of

land pollution.


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What are the sources of land pollution

Chemical and nuclear plants Industrial factories

Oil refineries

Human sewage Oil leaking from cars

Mining

Overcrowded landfills Deforestation

Construction debris


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EFFECTS OF LAND POLLUTION

Land pollution exterminates wild life

Acid rain kills trees and other plants The vegetation that provides food and shelter is

destroyed Land pollution can seriously disrupt the balance

of nature, and, in extreme cases, can causehuman fatalities Pesticides can damage crops; kill vegetation; and

poison birds, animals, and fish. Most pesticideskill or damage life forms other than those

intended. For example, pesticides used in aneffort to control or destroy undesirable vegetationand insects often destroy birds and small animals.Some life forms develop immunity to pesticidesused to destroy them


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How to Prevent Land Pollution

Here are a few other ways you can reduce

land pollution:

Recycle

Reuse any items that you can

Buy biodegradable products

Store all liquid chemicals and waste in spill-

proof containers

Eat organic foods that are grown without

pesticides


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Use a drip tray to collect engine

oil

Buy products that have little

packaging

Dont use pesticides

Dont dump motor oil on the

ground


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Air pollution is the

accumulation of hazardoussubstances into the

atmosphere that danger

human life and other livingmatter.

AIR POLLUTION


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Primary Air Pollutants Nitrogen oxides (NOx) combustion

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Carbon dioxide (CO2

Volatile organic compounds( benzene, toluene) CA

Particulate matter

Persistent free radicals Lead, cadmium

Toxic metals, such as lead, cadmium and copper.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs

Odors Radioactive pollutants (nuclear)


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Secondary Pollutants Particulate matter formed from gaseous

primary pollutants and compounds inphotochemical smog. Smog is a kind of air

pollution

Ground level ozone formed from NOx andVOCs. Ozone (O3) is a key constituent of the

troposphere. It is also an important

constituent of certain regions of the

stratosphere commonly known as the Ozone

layer.


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What are the sources of air pollution= "Stationary Sources (factories) fuel-burning

heating devices.

= "Mobile Sources" include motor vehicles,

marine vessels, aircraft and the effect of sound

etc= Chemicals, dust

= Fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish, aerosol

sprays and other solvents=Waste deposition in landfills, which

generate methane.

= Military, such as nuclear weapons, toxic

gases, germ warfare and rocketry


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Natural sourcesyDust from natural sources, usually large areas of

land with little or no vegetation

yMethane, emitted by the digestion of food

by animalsySmoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires

yVolcanic activity, which produce sulfur, chlorine,

and ash particulates


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Air pollution is a significant risk factor for multiple health

conditions including respiratory infections, heart disease,and lung cancer. The health effects caused by air

pollution may include difficulty in breathing, wheezing,

coughing and aggravation of existing respiratory and

cardiac conditions. These effects can result in increasedmedication use, increased doctor or emergency room

visits, more hospital admissions and premature death.

The human health effects of poor air quality are far

reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory

system and the cardiovascular system. Individual

reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant

a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, the

individual's health status and genetics.

HEALTH


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y Effects on cardiovascular health

y Effects on asthma and COPD

y Possible links to cancer (CA)y Health effects on relatively clean area

y Effects on children

DANGERS OF AIR

POLLUTION


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How to Prevent Air Pollution

SIMPLE ways to prevent air pollution:

to walk or bike more and drive less. This will

prevent fossil fuels from polluting the air. Dont

smoke

Keep your car maintenance up-to-date

Dont buy products that come in aerosol spray

cans


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When you drive accelerate slowly and use

cruise control

Always replace your cars air filter

Use a push or electric lawnmower rather than a

gas-powered one

Dont use harsh chemical cleaners that can

emit fumes

Inspect your gas appliances and heatersregularly

Use of contorl devices


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WATER POLLUTION

Water pollution is the introduction

of chemical, biological and physical

matter into large bodies of water that

degrade the quality of life that lives in

it and consumes it.


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WATER CONTAMINANTSy Organic :

y Detergents, Disinfection by-products found inchemically disinfected drinking H2O

y Food processing waste, which can include oxygen-demanding substances, fats and grease

y Insecticides and herbicides, a huge rangeof organohalides and other chemical compounds

yVolatile organic compounds (VOCs), such asindustrial solvents, from improper storage.

yVarious chemical compounds found inpersonal hygiene and cosmetic products


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I

Acidity caused by industrial discharges

(especially sulfur dioxide from power plants)

Ammonia from food processing waste

Chemical waste as industrial by-products

Fertilizers containing nutrients--

nitrates and phosphates

Heavy metals from motor vehicles (via urban

stormwater runoff) and acid mine drainage

Silt (sediment) in runoff

from construction sites,


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SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTIONPoint source water pollution refers to contaminants

that enter a waterway from a single, identifiablesource, such as a pipe or ditch. Examples ofsources in this category include discharges from

a sewage treatment plant, a factory, or acity storm drain.

Nonpoint source pollution refers to diffuse

contamination that does not originate from asingle discrete source. NPS pollution is often thecumulative effect of small amounts ofcontaminants gathered from a large area.


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Some sources of water pollution?

Oil spills Failing septic systems

Soap from washing your car

Oil leaking from cars Household chemicals

Animal waste


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CONTROL OF POLLUTIONyDomestic sewerage

yIndustrial wastewateryAgricultural wastewater

yConstruction site stormwater

yUrban runoff (Stormwater)


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Here are a few more ways you can preventwater pollution:

yThe best way to prevent water pollution is to

not throw trash and other harmful chemicalsinto our water supplies.

yDont throw trash, chemicals or solvents

into sewer drainsyInspect your septic system/ drainage system

yAvoid using pesticides and fertilizers that can

HOW TO PREVENT WATER POLLUTION


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y

Sweep your driveway instead of hosingit down

yAlways pump your waste-holding tanks

on your boatyUse non-toxic cleaning materials

yClean up oil and other liquid spills with

yDont wash paint brushes in the sink


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How can you get involved in

pollution prevention?

The best way for you

to get involved withpollution prevention is to

practice efforts on your

OWN or join a project or

program.


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". . . The pollution of the planet is only an outside

reflection of an inner psychic pollution: millions of

unconscious individuals not taking responsibility for

their inner space."

"Are you polluting the world or cleaning up the

mess?

You are responsible for your inner space;

nobody else is, just as you are responsible for the

planet. As within, so without. If humans clear inner

pollution, then they will also cease to create outer

pollution."


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THANK YOU!!!ROWELL LAKANDULA PANUNCIAL

Rn, rm, mn-msn

Documents

Challenges to Environment - January28,2012