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Challenges of Sustainable Use of Marine Resources in ASEAN
Nazir Foead
Conservation Director, WWF Indonesia
Roundtable for ASEAN Chief Justices on Environment5-7 December 2011, Mandarin Oriental Hotel, Jakarta, Indonesia
The Coral Triangle
Nearly 6 million km2, spanning:Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Timor L’Este
Biodiversity: 75% of global coral reef, over 3000 species of reef fish
Linked by market and migratory routes:Australia, China, Europe, Hong Kong, Japan, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Singapore, USA, …
Economy:Tuna from CT traded worth $1.5 billion and coral reef related fishery $2.2 billion annually, food sources for 120 million people in the region and 36% protein dietary
Seychelles
Maldives
BangladeshMyanmar
Thailand Philippines
PalauMarshall Is.
Kiribati
Fiji
Solomon Is.
Malaysia
Indonesia
China
Australia
PapuaNew
Guinea
HongKong
Sri Lanka
Following Sadovy & Vincent 2002
Growing Live Reef Fish Trade
1970s
1980s
1990s
Beyond National Jurisdiction: A case of leather back turtle
Challenges
• IUU (estimated at $1.4 billion in Indonesia annually) in EEZ, high seas
• Overexploitation• Weak MCS • Law enforcement• Ecosystem disintegration/
destruction
• Increasing demand of seafood
• Fishermen livelihood remains low
• ‘Uncoordinated’ policies (between local and national governments, among states, e.g. UN Fish Stocks Agreement)
“Lacey Act” Model in ASEAN
• The law recognizes the illegal terms regulated by foreign law that protects the species
• It applies to import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire or purchase activities.
• The law prohibited the trade and transportation of illegally captured or protected species across states and countries
Building common interests in the region
• IUU and overexploitation endanger food security and economic development, it happens in most ASEAN countries either involving domestic or foreign vessels
• Fish stocks have to be seen as “common properties” which need to be regulated and used mutually in the region
• Strong coordination among ASEAN states will increase leverage to influence the international market and policies