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25.02.2015 Seite 1
Challenges of Decentralized Waste
Water Treatment and Reuse in the
MENA Region
SWIM-Sustain Water MED
Presented by Dr Ismail Al Baz
Sustainable Use of Resources: Water and Energy for Egypt
TU Berlin Campus El Gouna, February 2015
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Agenda
Introduction of main challenges of DCWWTR
in the MENA Region
Introduction of “SWIM-Sustain Water MED”
demonstration project
Presentation of “SWIM-Sustain Water MED”
pilot project Jordan as example of dealing
with challenges of DWWTR
Lessons Learned and recommendations
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In a nutshell…
Objective:
Capacity of sustainable
integrated management of
non-conventional water
resources is improved.
Good practices of sustainable
integrated wastewater
treatment technologies
demonstrated.
Target Group:
Policy-makers from the water,
environmental, agricultural
sector and
Water users in rural and peri-
urban areas
Funding: Duration:
EU and BMZ 2012-2015
Implementation Consortium:
GIZ (4 countries)
Water and wastewater
authorities/utilities (4
countries)
3 environmental consulting
organisations
1 academic institution
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SWIM-Sustain Water MED
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Main Challenges of DCWWTR in the Region
Lack of resources to invest and manage
infrastructure projects in decentralized areas
Lack of experience for design and
construction by the private sector
Operation and maintenance
Strict effluents standards
National laws and license regulations
Selection of the right technology
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In a nutshell…cont’d
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SWIM-Sustain Water MED
MOROCCO
Partner: Water Basin Agency of Souss-Massa et Draa (ABH-SMD)
Location: Ait Idir Village (South Atlas Mountains)
Focus: Eco-sanitation and rainwater management
TUNISIA
Partner: National Sanitation Office (ONAS)
Location: Oueljet El Khodher in the Medenine Governorate (SE)
Focus: Participatory wastewater quality monitoring and control
EGYPT
Partner: Holding Company for Water and Wastewater (HCWW)
Location: Al Gezayra Village in the Ismailia Governorate
Focus: Decentralized Wastewater Treatment and Reuse (rural level)
JORDAN
Partners: Al Balqa Applied University (BAU), IUCN
Location: Public Security Directorate near Amman
Focus: Decentralized Wastewater Treatment and Reuse (peri-urban level)
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SWIM-Sustain Water MEDKey Output Processes
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Regional Steering
Committees
Strategic guidance
Results-based monitoring Stakeholder
engagement
Tendering / procurement
Construction
Regional trainings
Local trainings
Regional conference
Socio-economic +environ.
impact analysis
Website
Publications
Info centers
Guidelines/ manuals /
reports
Demonstration
Capacity
Development
Evaluation
Dissemination
Replication
Regional Networking
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Results ofSWIM-Sustain Water MED
Demonstration Project in Jordan
On-site treatment plant at the
Public Security Directorate in Moqablaine,
near Amman
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Challenges
Over-exploited
groundwater aquifers
-> scarcity
Rapid urbanisation +
Weak sanitation
infrastructure /
operations
–> pollution, health risks
Unsafe usage of treated
wastewater for
agricultural purposes
-> pollution, health risks
Water situation in Jordan:
Opportunities
Jordan advanced with
regard to centralized
wastewater treatment
and reuse
National Water Strategy
‘Water for Life’
National standards for
water quality and reuse
Existing initiatives:
SMART, NICE, etc.
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Implementation approach and objectives of the
Jordanian pilot project:
Steering Committee: MWI, WAJ, MoEnv, MoA, UFZ
Implementing Partners: BAU, IUCN, GIZ
Beneficiary: Public Security Directorate (PSD)
Approach: On-site treatment plant at PSD HQ in Moqablaine in an urban area
Objective:
Provide PSD HQ with a sustainable source of water for its landscaping activities and to thereby reduce its spending on freshwater supplies.
Demonstrate the feasibility of using decentralized wastewater treatment units and reuse methods to reduce freshwater consumption while upholding health and environmental standards.
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Implementation steps • Baseline Assessment (BA) + EIA
• Selection of treatment technology +
reuse system
• Stakeholder consultations
• Tendering selection of construction
company
• Construction/construction supervision
• Training of partner staff
• Replication -> GAM
• Demonstration garden
• Take over of operation and maintenance
and quality monitoring assurance
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Jordan Pilot Project
Why SBR?
• Flexible mode of operation
• Small foot print
• Flexible scale up and
extension
• High quality effluent
• Stabilized sludge
• PSD had positive
experiences with SBR in
other locations
• BA identified CW/UASB
and SBR
• High treatment efficiency
• Meet effluent standards
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Parameter Unit Value
Average flow m3/d 150
Average BOD5
loadkg/d 112
Average TKN
loadkg/d 26
Influent Concentrations
- COD = 1725 mg/l
- BOD5 = 745 mg/l
- TSS = 788 mg/l
- TKN = 175 mg/l
Design Parameters (Source Nabil
Wakileh)
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Results• Effluent quality complies with
national standards
• 50% of freshwater savings
expected
• Cost savings through reduction
in freshwater consumption
• Cost savings through treatment
as opposed to business as
usual
• Strengthened capacities
• Awareness-raising (site visits)
• Opening Ceremony, June 2014
(pilot in test phase)
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Investment & Operation Cost of the WWTP(Source N.Wakileh)
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Overall cost per CM : 1,2 JD/CM
Cost of pumping wastewater: 2,5 JD/CM
Cost of sewer system connection: 2,5 JC/CM
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Water quality before disinfection and tertiary
filtration
Influent Effluent
Date
2014
Al Balqa Applied University labs Al Balqa Applied University labs
BOD5 COD TSS BOD5 COD TSS
03 Aug 32 128 21
13 Aug 697 2400 116 28 120 17.5
20 Aug 35 108 12.4
26 Aug 448 1640 216 40 120 9
Max. 448 1640 116 28 108 9
Min. 697 2400 216 40 128 21
Average 573 2020 116 34 119 15
Required 30 100 50
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Effluent quality after tertiary treatment (source
N.Wakileh)
Standards and
characteristicsUnit
Plant
Laboratories
Test Results
Cooked
Vegetables, Parks,
Playground and
Sides of Roads
within city limits
According to the
Jordanian
Standards
893-2006
A
BOD5 mg/l 8 30
COD mg/l 45 100
TSS mg/l 14 50
Total Nitrogen mg/l 43 45
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Capacity Development
• Eco-sanitation and rainwater
management, Rabat, Morocco,
June 2013
• Decentralized Wastewater
Management, Amman, Jordan,
November 2013
• Water quality monitoring and
environmental impacts, Djerba,
Tunisia, May 2014
-> 2 Trainings for PSD staff
‘Operation and Maintenance’ &
‘Safe and efficient reuse practices’
conducted in Oct/Nov 2014
Visit to the demonstration project in
Deyat Ifrah, Morocco, June 2013
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Reuse – demonstration garden
Preliminary design of the demonstration garden with irrigation network
• Adapted irrigation network
• Plant species tolerant to TWW
• Best-practices manual
• Health and safety measures
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Lessons Learned at national policy-making level
• Need for more long-term policy support to create enabling environment for decentralized sanitation systems, there is need for:
• More political commitment towards integrated rural development
• simplified EIA procedures
• relaxed reuse standards
• centralized management of decentralized wastewater treatment andreuse systems
• an employment / skills training of private sector for the design,construction and O&M of decentralized sanitation systems
• a manual for O&M of decentralized sanitation systems
SWIM Sustain Water MED
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http://swim-sustain-water.eu
Thank you for your attention
