CHALLENGES IN EMBEDDED

SYSTEM DESIGN

Presented by

SUNIL A.G.

CONTENTS Introduction to embedded systems. Design of embedded system in general Amount of hardware needed. Optimizing power dissipation. Testing ,reliability and verification. Security requirements of system summary

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS What is an embedded system?

An embedded system is an engineering artifact involving computation that is subject to physical constraints.

An embedded system is a computer system that cannot be programmed by the user because it is pre-programmed for a specific task and embedded within the equipment which it serves

SYSTEMS DESIGN IN GENERAL.

Embedded systems design.Systems design is the process of deriving, from

requirements, a model from which a system can be generated more or less automatically.

software design is the process of deriving a program that can be compiled;

Hardware design, the process of deriving a hardware description from which a circuit can be synthesized

two types of physical constraints

reaction constraints and execution constraint

Reaction constraints are studied in control theory

execution constraints, in computer engineering.

AMOUNT AND TYPE OF HARDWARE NEEDED Optimizing: microprocessors, and single purpose processors in the

system

according to the performance,power dissipation, cost and other designmetrics the system.

hardware (memory RAM, ROMor internal and external flash or secondarymemory in the system, peripherals and devices internal and external to the system,ports and buses in the system and powersource or battery in the system).

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DESIGN METRICS Design metrics examples –Power dissipation, physical size, number of development and manufacturing costs.Reliability Designing reliable product by

appropriatedesign and thorough testing, verificationand validation is a challenge.

OPTIMIZING THE POWER DISSIPATION Clock Rate Reduction Operating Voltage Reduction Wait, Stop and Cache Disable

Instructions –Clever real- time programming. It is by using of 'Wait' and 'Stop'

instructions anddisabling or controlling certain units whennot needed is one method of saving powerduring program executio

COMMON SECURITY REQUIREMENTS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS.

TESTING, VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION

Testing – to find errors and to validate thatthe implemented software is as per thespecifications and requirements to getreliable product. Verification – refers to an activity to ensurethat specific functions are correctlyimplemented. Validation – refers to an activity to ensurethat the system that has been created is asper requirements agreed upon at theanalysis phase, and to ensure its quality

APPLICATION

Input Devices–Switches, DIP Switches, and Keypads interfacing, output devices–LEDs

Seven-Segment Displays, Tri-state Indicators and LCDs interfacing.

Interfacing to Other Devices such as sensors, stepper motor and DC motor speed control,.

Analogue-to-digital conversion, the RS-232 Interface.

SUMMARYWe learnt Challenges in system design Meeting design metrics Power dissipation reduction Enabling and controlling of processesand hardware units Flexibility, upgradeability and reliability summary

THANK YOU