Challenges and Solutions for RES integration within the

1

Challenges and Solutions for RES integration within the Spanish Power System.

Red Eléctrica’s role

Toledo, 18 June 2010 Juan Fran. Alonso Llorente

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Red Eléctrica de España (REE): Mission and principles.The existence of REE, world pioneer since 1985, as independent andexclusively dedicated to Transmission and System Operation, has provedfundamental for the fast and secure implementation of electricity market andintegration of RES

Designs, builds and maintains the transmission network.

Since 2007 as exclusive transmission company

Operates the system to guarantee the power supply.

Since 2006 also in the extra-peninsular systems

g

REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010

FREE-FLOAT

80%

SEPI: Spanish Stated Owned Holding Company

SEPI 20 %

SHARE CAPITAL (Closure 2009):

2

Transmission GridMain magnitudes (SPPS)

Closure 2009

REE vs. TOT

Lines400 kV [km ct] 17 977 99,8%

≤ 220 kV [km ct] 16 777 98,4%

Subst.≤ 220 & 400 kV [nº bays] 3 385 96,8%

Transformers 400/X kV [MVA] 66 259 98,8%

2

ContentsOverview of the Spanish Power System

Integration of Renewable Generation (RES) in Spain

past and prospects

sensitive aspects of RES for the power system

In System Planning and Access

Defining new technical requirementsDefining new technical requirements

In System Operation: the generation control

Final Remarks and Possible trends


251.509 GWh = 181.614 Net Ordinary Regime+ 81.785 Net Special Regime

3 770 H d t d d

Yearly Demand supply and coverage 2009

- 3.770 Hydro-pump storage demand- 8.120 International exchanges

Special Regime GenerationRenewable:Minihydro

Non Renewable:Cogeneration

Hydro‐power8.9%

Nuclear19.1%Wind

13 7%

Rest of special regime12.4%

Photovoltaic2.0%

Minihydro2.0%


MinihydroBiomassWindIndustrial wasteUrban wasteSolar

CogenerationCoalFuel - Gas oilRefinery gasNatural gas

Coal12.1%

Fuel‐Gas0.7%

Combined cyclles29.0%

13.7%

3


Installed capacity May 2010

Technology MW %H d RE C ti Waste Treat Hydro-power 16.657 17,85

Nuclear 7.455 7,99Coal 10.856 11,63Fuel-Gas 1.849 1,98Combined cycles 24.294 26,04Total (ordinary regime) 61.111 65,49Wind power generation 18.842 20,19Solar power 3.548 3,8Biomass 647 0,69

Hydro17,85% Nuclear

7,99%

Coal11,63%

Combined Cycle26,04%

Wind20,19%

Solar3,80%

Biomass0,69%

Hydro RE2,11%

Cogeneration6,46%

Waste Treat.1,25%


Special regime hydro 1.965 2,11Cogeneration 6.027 6,46Waste treatment 1.170 1,25Total (special regime) 32.199 34,51

Total 93.310

Fuel‐Gas1,98%

26,04%

3.268 MW Solar PV280 MW Solar Thermal


Integration of renewables: prospects and challenges

38.000 MW*

Ambitious national objectives for RES (20% of final energy in 2020) requireadditional integration within the power system (>40% in the electric energy )

8.367 MW* 5.079 MW*

• Grid development• Technical Requirements• Control by TSO and more

Particular features imply technical and management challenges for the powersystem and the generation:

Location far from load and gridVulnerability to incidents(voltage dips)Primary energy: Lack of firmness and control


REE is working to maximise SecureIntegration of RES in Power System

* Draft of NAP to by submitted to EC in June10

… without forgetting other organisational aspects

dispatchable resourcesPrimary energy: Lack of firmness and control

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Challenges for integrating RES generation. REE’s actionsRED ELÉCTRICA works for maximizing the secure integration of RES generation in its

different functions as System Operator and Transmission company:

Development and

reinforcement of

transmission grid

Energy Prospective: access and grid planning

Generation Adequacy Studies

Management of access and planning studies and proposals. Capacity Studies

Regulatory proposals (Grid Code) identifying technical and operational requisites

M t i l ti h i


Management in real-time horizons

Production forecast: Wind and recently solar

Management of Ancillary Services

Contribution to system dispatchability by the development of a specific control arquitecture for RES generation


Managing Access and Planning the GridA good programming of new non-transmission facilities (e.g., generators) musttake into account decision and commissioning processes in transmission grid:

Decision on transmission facilities

Access to the grid• Regulated process to

assess the aceptability ofa new non-transmissionfacility

• Continuous process

Grid Planning• REE carries out the planning studies andproposals• National Goverment, with the collaboration ofRegional Administrations, approve the griddevelopment plan

• Every 4 years, new horizon (10 y)• Every year review with same horizon


Continuous process• Every year, review with same horizonBinding (unlike indicative planning forgeneration)

The actual development of the grid (authorization, construction and ; from 1to more than 10 years)

5


Grid development

WIND POWER: High presence intransmission (>60%, contrary toother systems with high penetration)

NºNodesRdT Today Future

220 & 400 kV 49 > 100

and expected to increase

250 MW150 MW 250 MW 22 MW

150 MW

REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 9

3.830 MW

4.293 MW 2.960 MW

Grid Applications: 14.730 MWT: 11.583 MWD: 3.147 MW

41 MW

435 MW

49 MW

22 MW

400 MW

100 MW

1.800 MW

SOLAR POWER:

TS.- Majoritary in transmission (≈ 80%)

FV.- Minoritary in transmission(≈ 5% ofexisting; few new plans)


RES generation does not avoid distribution grid but requires transmissionexpansion, where the majority of Wind Power (>60%) and Solar Thermal (>80%) isexpected. RES is a relevant motivation in the current Plan:

new lines and reinforcements for avoiding constrains operation facilities associated to physical connection

Main challenges: Grid Development

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facilities associated to physical connection

OH Circuit [km] 12.270UG Cables [km] 386Uprating lines [km] 8.308SS [nº bays *] 3.476Transformers [MVA] 52.450Reactors [Mvar] 2.800Capacitors [Mvar] 1.100

New substations and baysSome 100 buses in 220 kV

and 50 in 400 kV


CASARES

ROMICA

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PEÑARRUBIA

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Particular significance: Spain-France interconnection

6


The development of Spain-France Interconnection with a2 1000 MW DC d d li

Development of the Spain-France Interconnection: A priority

Spain –and Portugal- form a peninsula, also electrically, with weak electricalinterconnections with the European Union.

new 2 x 1000 MW DC underground line-Prioritary Project with “European Coordinator”-1st step for objective of 4.000 MW of commercialcapacity-Necessary for building the IEM-Fundamental for RES integration in Spain (& Portugal)



The transmission grid development in EuropeThe Ten Tear Network Development Plan (TYNDP) is being elaborated byENTSO-E

RES integration is a main motivation: representing > 25% of investment


Presented by ENTSO-E at Florence forum

7


Access and Connection : OverviewProcedures for Access and Connection are managed by REEMain Features

Main Perspective Object - Scope

Access System Operation System behaviour

Procedures

Access ApplicationConnection to Transmission >>> SO (REE)

Connection to Distribution (> 10 MW.) > DO> SO (REE)

REE issues a report evaluating access feasibility, fulfilling system security criteria

Access System Operation System behaviour

Connection Transmission Engineering and Physical Feasibility

2m


pConnection Application >>> Trans.Co.

Agent submits engineering Project and Programme

Trans.Co. elaborates Report of Technical Conditions for Connection

SO (REE) supervises and issues a report

Agent < TECHNICAL ACCESS CONTRACT> Transmission Company

1m1m


TOPOLOGICAL SCOPE NATURE OF LIMITATION

Planning and access studies for special generationThe planning and access studies are carried out with different analysisperspectives and different time horizons, resulting in connection capacitieswhich enable location optimization:

• Transmission node (and associateddistribution)

Load flow capacityShort-circuit power (Scc)Stability

ΣCapNode > CapReg : Nodal capacities are not mutually compatible and resulting grid development needs are not coherent• Electric zones (and associated distribution)

sharing constraintLoad flow capacityShort-circuit power (Scc)Stability

Regional and Zonal Capacities are the “reference” for Regional Administrations (competent f AA f SRG) d f t


for AA of SRG) and for access management• Power System Feasibility Balance P+jQ

Stability

This scenario validates up to the regional level and avoids persistentconstraints within this scope

However, lack of national coordination does not prevent potential constraintswhen regional plans are developed up to their limits

8


Prospects for SRG. Recent regulationNew national regulation oriented to gradual control of generation to beconnected per year, securing economic and technical sustainability:

Non PV: RDL6/2009 (7may09): Register and mechanism (9 requisites, incl A&C)

ResMin 19Nov09 (CM Agreement13nov09): Identification of generation projects withl ti t f Wi d Pl t ( 1 700 MW) d S l Th l l t ( 500 MW)annual contingents : for Wind Plants (≈ 1.700 MW) and Solar-Thermal plants (≈ 500 MW)

{in adition, ≈ 500 MW in Solar PV }

6604

6604

12115

12115

18719

18719

8792

18719

27511

7982

14734

22715

EOL_RdDp

EOL_RdDr

EOL_RdTp

EOL_RdTr

EOL_TOTp

EOL_TOTr

PES

CTA pte PES (RdT)

AutCon pte PES


81

81

250

250

331

331

903

4254

5157

752

1669

2421

0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000

TS_RdDp

TS_RdDr

TS_RdTp

TS_RdTr

TS_TOTp

TS_TOTr

MW

AutCon pte PES

AutAcc pte PES

Preasig pte PES RDL 6/2009

Acumulado PES ÷ Aut. Acceso

Acumulado PES ÷ Aut. Preasig.


Need to identify and regulate requirements, carried out in coordination withthe Wind power industry

Technological vulnerability (voltage dips leading to disconnections).

t t f Situations where

Main Technical Requirements

Voltage (pu)

1

0,2

0,5 1 Time (sec)

start of disturbance

0,80,95 pu

0 15

Clearance of the faultFault length

Situations where generators must

remain connected0,6

2 ph isolatedfault

The “grid code” (PO 12.3) establishes the required

level for Low Voltage Through CapabilityReal Time Risk Assesment

Minimum Requirementproposed for Solar PV


g g p y

Very good response from the wind generators (adaptation except <1,000 MW)New requirements associated to the increasing need for contribution tostability: specially dynamic control of voltageOther challenges: protection equipment and philosophy

9


The contribution to power supply. Records in 2009 (i)Wind generation may have a very relevant contribution to the power demandsupply

Some Maximum Records:12.948 MW 24/02/10 11:21 h11 074 MW 24/02/10 11-12 h


11.074 MW 24/02/10 11-12 h278.507 MWh 04/05/10Maximum contribution to demand:54% 08/11/09


The contribution to power supply . Records in 2009 (ii)… but the contribution to demand supply may also be very low

Some Minimum Records:164 MW 03/06/10 11 h


In consequence, fluctuating nature of wind power is translated in a lowcontribution to power supply guarantee

Minimum contribution to demand:<1% 03/06/10

10


Needs for real time operation

Dispatchable Generation is required to:supply the demand (D)compensate for nondispatchable gener. (NDisG)

System Operability depends on

managing power resources:

‐ Forecast

+Є

prevent contingencies, what implies sufficient and fast enough reserves

Disp.Gen.Requirement= (D+ЄD) ‐ (NDisG+ЄNDG) +/‐ Contingencies

40000

45000

Forecast

‐ Observability and Control

existance of resources

Demand and Requirement (Winter Week)

2,8

3,0

3,2 Evolution of Requirement Ratio (= Daily RequirMax/RequirMin)


15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Lunes Martes Miércoles Jueves Viernes Sábado Domingo

MW

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

2,0

2,2

2,4

2,6

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 59% 69% 79% 89% 99%

Rat

io

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Prevision 2011 (realizada en 2006)


Generation ForecastDespite production programs/forecasts from generators, REE must elaborateown preditions as a guarantee for security of operation, in particular for RES:

WIND: : REE has improved forecasting accuracy for wind by evolution of SIPREOLICO, although there seems to be limitations due to the difficuties of metheorologicalpredictions


SOLAR: REE is using a very approximated estimation tool based in irradiationforecasts. Shortly, a specific tool using real time meteo data and real time generationmeasures

11


Control Need and Actions upon Special Generation

Special Generation has to be dispatched with priority over OrdinaryGeneration.Consequently, whenever possible the SO must solve the technical

t i t b i i i t ti t O di G ticonstraints by issuing instructions to Ordinary Generation:Power Output Reduction

Disconnection of Plants

However, it may be necessary to issue Control Actions on SpecialGeneration, by :a) Production Constraints (reduce or disconnect):


Local zonal congestions (transmission or distribution)

System Stability (instruction depending on technical compliance of plants)

G-D balance in power and regulating reserve (specially off-peak and transitions)

b) Q/V Management: Set-point from SO substitutes reference for cosϕ(established RD661)


Generation Control requirements

Control of RES Generation Plants (GP) by TSO is necessary for maintaningsystem security and to maximize RES production by reducing preventiverestrictions and delay upto real time. This involves in real time:

Observability for “all” plants: GP REAL TIME INFO TSO

(production, voltage, connectivity, …)

Operability for “all significant” plants: TSO INSTRUCTIONS GP

production control (active power)

provision of system services (reactive,regulation,)

For security and efficiency, this interlocution between TSO and GP should not beindividual (several hundreds of plants) but via Generation Dispatch Centers with


individual (several hundreds of plants) but via Generation Dispatch Centers withcontrol capability over a number of plants

Human and technical resources (24 h)

Secure and redundant Connection Dispatching Centre <> REE CC(computer<>computer, telephone)

Connection Dispatching Centre <> Wind Farms-Generators

12


CECRE: Created by REE in 2006, is a control centre devoted to Special Regime Generation and especially to Wind Power:

Integrated in REE’s control structure

Communication with generation Control Centres (SRGCCs) for supervision and control instructions.

REE’s Solution: CECRE

According to RD661/2007 all special regime plants >10 MW must be connected to a SRGCC.

CECRE issues generation instructions through the SCADA system to the Control Centres.

CECOEL / CECORE

CECRE

Link

Direct Link CECRE‐SRG where Setpoint Instruction

is transmitted automatically to be converted by plant


SRGCC: Special Regime Generation Control Centre

CCCONV: Control Centre for conventional generation

Link and telecommand

SRGCCnSRGCC1CCCONV …Link and

telecommand

Iccp L

Link and telecommand

686 WPP via 16 GCCs326 nonWPP via 21 GCCs

(June 2010)

in effective action, was a scenario non used

25 SRCCGs


INTEGRATION IN CECRE OF OTHER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIESIn 2009 new information and functionalities have been incorporated


13

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑARisks of Insufficient Control: Observability

In Spain, an unexpected magnitude of Photo‐Voltaic generation (close to 4 GW)has been connected. However, the plant fragmentation (≤ 100 kW modules dueto retribution conditions) has avoided real time tele‐measurements and theplants are “hidden behind ” the demand.

Lack of observability involves inefficient reserve programming and may become

9D08: Mild&Cloudy

Same forecast from

generators 9D and 10D

y p g g ya serious risk for system operation

Expected


10D08: Clear&Cold

No real time observabilityand unreliableprogrammes

Unavoidable errors whenprogramming RequirementNeeds

Unexpected


Production mismatch (production vs. forecast )


14


The many advantages of renewable energy lead to maximize installation.

In this context, REE works in the solution of the drawbacks of RES generation(technical, organisational, regulatory) in order to preserve the security andquality of supply in the power system.

Integration of RES: Final Remarks and Possible Trends

quality of supply in the power system.

In particular, for Solar PV controllability and technical adequacy

However, still a number of challenges remains:

- Dispatchable Gen: very demanding regime and decreasing running time

RES will be submitted to operating conditions including productionconstraints; specially related to off-peak situations and transitions


In the solution, a significant leap forward is needed based on:

New flexible generation and enlarging energy storage possibilities

More active participation of the demand side

Incorporation to the electric sector energy consumption currently in othersectors: Electric Vehicles


www.ree.es


Juan Francisco Alonso Llorente

Documents

Challenges and Solutions for RES integration within the