Challenges and Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks Based ... · solutions for intelligent transportation applications. Intelligent parking grouping function via Wireless Sensor Networks

Challenges and Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks Based

Intelligent Transportation System

Vipin Kumar Nitin Rastogi and Sachin Malhotra

School of Information &Communication Technology Department of Computer Applications

Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida India Institute of Management Studies, Ghaziabad, India

[email protected] {nitin.rastogi,sachin.malhotra}@imsgzb.com

Abstract – Wireless sensor networks are distribute

in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

application made up of tiny sensing devices, low

power, low cost equipped with processors, memory,

and limited wireless networks communication have

transformed outside transportation networks

through the advanced communications and

computing technologies into the in-vehicle and road

side traffic transportation infrastructure. Wireless

sensor network based ITS technologies have

improved the safety, reliability, security, traffic,

parking management and mobility of the

transportation network through advanced

applications such as electronic toll collected works,

in-vehicle direction-finding systems, accident

avoidance systems, and advanced traffic safety and

parking management systems, and highly developed

traveler information systems. In this paper that

focuses on different ITS technologies and

challengers applications, authors from a number of

countries include contributed covering different ITS

challenger and open issues, applications, and

management practices with the expectation that the

open exchange of results and ideas presented in this

paper will be improved understanding of Intelligent

Transportation Systems technologies and their

applications.

I. Introduction

Public Transport is one of the important

infrastructures of several countries. In developing

country like India bus transport consists of around

70% of public transport. However, lack of systematic

mechanism to monitor and manage the bus-network

is leading to lack of predictability of the bus network.

It gets complex to classify causes after delays, or

predict the arrival times. Bus transport system faces

the ever increasing problem of traffic and congestion.

Not including a well-deployed monitor classification,

it becomes very difficult to plan for optimization and

growth. In order to offering Intelligent Transportation

Systems (ITS) that advance the security,

effectiveness, reduce travel period, fuel expenditure

and carbon path of traffic and transport systems,

different Traffic Techniques offers a seamless

integration of information and communications

technology into a joint integrated system. Wireless

sensor networks (WSN) based Intelligent

Transportation Systems (ITS) designed tiny size,

wireless network power consuming, low

maintenance and very low cost for achieve traffic-

related data that can be used for generate

automatically security warnings at black spots on the

road network has it root in transportation. There

represent a view of WSN based ITS issues and

challenger recent year. Traffic jam and high number

of accidents from in urban areas become maximal

stressful and direct to dramatically result on

economy, human physical condition, parking and

environment. It gets difficult to identify causes after

delays, or expect the arrival times. Motor vehicle

transport system faces the still rising problem of

traffic and congestion. Not including a well-deployed

screen structure, it becomes very complex to

arrangement for optimization and development. The

operations intelligent transportation systems can be

considerably improved by monitoring the traffic

operations and analyze them to provided that useful

information both to the travelers and bus operating

authorities. For examples.

Gathered information can be used to

presuppose likely causes behind the

experiential bus delays, the bottleneck traffic

integration, heavy traffic time slots, and

make appropriate scheduling

recommendation

The highway traffic model, route delays,

traffic increase trends can be of great help in

suitable planning. The composed

Information can also be used to achieve

analysis to analyze the effect of various

Vipin Kumar et al , International Journal of Computer Science & Communication Networks,Vol 5(1),39-44

39

ISSN:2249-5789

likely scenarios such as the effect of adding

additional buses, the effect of making

changes in a road on traffic and delays

As opportunity intelligent infrastructure will bring

attach individuals, vehicles and transportation from

first to last wireless communications, it is serious that

strong communication technologies are developed.

Mobile wireless sensor networks are self-organizing

mobile networks where nodes exchange data without

the need for an underlying infrastructure. This may

provide in terms of profile of real-time organization,

intelligent plan and intelligent transportation system

use of this approach for new road charging and

possibly carbon trading plan with through the

Cooperative Vehicle and Highway Systems (CVHS)

for security and control applications.

WSNs attribute such as bandwidth, reliability, point

to point transmission in the wireless communication

networks. The sensor node is use tiny size and almost

impossible to manually configuration each and every

node change or replace node. Self configuration and

self organizing capability need to the sensor networks

like in ad hoc networks. Not large distance

communication in the environment sensor networks

solutions for intelligent transportation applications.

Intelligent parking grouping function via Wireless

Sensor Networks is presented in this paper, a wireless

sensor networks development for Intelligent

Transportation Systems (ITS) is considered in [1] and

authors also propose new routing protocol to make

the wireless sensor networks more power consuming,

low costly, energy efficient and with less delivery

latency, time reduces.

Wireless sensor network based intelligent

transportation system adaptive vehicle navigation in

multi-hop relay Wi-MAX networks is proposed in

[2]. This paper proposes the WiMAX multi-hop riley

networks as the mutually-vehicle communications to

increase the reliability and performance of mutually-

vehicle communications. Real-time traffic

information is gathering here from different types of

WSN equipped on vehicles and exchanged with

neighbor vehicles [3]. The possibility of used WSN

in road and rail network communication in real ITS

applications.

II. ITS Application: Requirement

Challengers and Issues

In this section, introduction of WSNs are different

other sensor networks, survey of different types of

ITS techniques. The ITS market is born in India. Till

it however, most of the technologies have been

successfully applied in developed countries, there are

majored challenges in implementing such state-of-

the-art technologies in India, as listed below. WSNs

providing in , reducing travel time, metropolitan

traffic by enhancing safety and fuel consumption at

the aim of improving our daily life. ITS has some

significant challenges and issues will be discussed

Base station: Base stations only one sink even

through most of the sensor node, there can be

requirement application depend on the several sinks

node. Intelligent transport system support associated

with several sink nodes or base station should be able

in WSNs.

Coverage and connectivity in ITS: There are two

different categories of wireless sensor network in

intelligent transport system requirements in ad hoc

wireless sensor networks. Most important role in

provided batter intelligent transport system (ITS) in

sensor deployment, which related to the issue of how

well every point in the sensing field is covered. On

the other hand, due to source constraints and traffic,

parking management and environment condition, It is

designed an resourceful development plan that would

minimize cost, power consumed and decreased

computation reduce node to node or point to point

communication, and higher coverage area, WSNs

application required function that can be measured in

provisions of coverage area. In their application, it is

necessary to defined accurate measures of resourceful

coverage that will impact overall system

performance.

Traffic incident: India Traffic Management sends

incident notification to local media who transmit on

local public broadcasting. We also propose through

announcement to the public through local police

department, region urgent situation management

offices, metropolitan governments and their

agencies. Although the service is free, check with

your individual cell/pad service provider regarding

any fees. To sign up, just visit Nixle.com & select

City of Scottsdale under feature city. Notifications of

incident single include locations visible by the TMC

and may or may not include clearance notifications.

Traffic congestion: Traffic congestion occurs as use

of a street increase. It is characterize by slower speed,

longer journey times and increased vehicular queue.

Congestion is caused by three major reasons.


40

ISSN:2249-5789

Peak and through in normal traffic because

of increased in number of cars on the road

due to special events or otherwise...

Physical position of the road such as a

bottlenecks, etc

The first move towards resolve the challenge is the

count vehicles on a road segment. ITS minimizes

traffic congestion by assigning driver, traffic

management and road planning departments about

live traffic conditions with only traffic patterns.

Drivers can plan his other route using minimum

congestion roads. Intelligent transportation system

helps traffic management and town planners in plan

the better road networks.

Freeway Management System: Traffic Techniques

coalition developed technology and intelligent

transport systems (ITS) in provided that Freeway

Management Systems that facilitate safe and efficient

operations of a regional freeway infrastructure.

Sensors mounted on the road that captures

information on vehicle axle loads, gross weight,

speed, & classification.

Improves the flow of traffic control

Reduce accidents by implement systems that

execute control of vehicle height and load

limits

Its Provide advance information to motorists

on accidents , road works

With default dialing to the emergency,

control

Displays speed limits

Reliability: sensor based intelligent transportation

system many significant decisions must be token

about the received information. So, the lost in some

data packets can lead to undesired system behavior.

The harsh environment condition and the failure

nature of wireless link move up the possibility of lost

which require reliable communication protocol.

Security: Wireless sensor network application of

ITS and other applications, the security is very

important are many Security issue for the wireless

sensor networks. Most important applications of the

wireless sensor network are out of reach. The sensor

node can relative ease be captive by the enemy. The

memory of the sensor node can be relative ease read

out. And the anti also you can write some of the

malicious code into the memory of the sensor. So a

wireless sensor network there can be destroyed by

one occupied sensor node and other hand the sensor

node uses the radio to communication with each

other. The messages tipped off by relative ease

eavesdropped or the revised by others. In the network

layer, there are many attacks [5] [6]. The safety

routing protocols should use some cryptography to

save the messages and create a self confidence

system connecting the nodes for the wireless sensor

networks.

Real-time: Integrated and current-time door-to-door

information systems are an important tool in

developing workable and pertly in the long-distance

and Indian passenger intermodality. Well promoted,

available real-time information is required to

smoothly plan for, and conversation transfers. For the

main issue of fusion of heterogeneous databases,

more advanced metadata are emerging, which make

it easier and cheaper to coalition data sources.

Several efforts to developed transportation

ontologism have been created around the world.

Intelligent transportation system application. In the

approach, upon the explore of the advent of a vehicle

by a static sensor node, of the latter becomes

activates the subsequent static nodes in order to

obtain the condition of the following parts of the

road.

III. WSN Based ITS applications

In this section, WSN requirement in ITS designed in

increase network performance and decrease in

network loaded. In this section we will continue

study of networks performance, provide a WSN in

ITS application needs. It should be start; however,

the many of these new ideas are in flux and subject to

changed.

Traffic Safety Applications: Traffic safety

applications deal with the prevention of accidents. In

the order to the purpose they make sensor devices

work consistently to alert drivers about potentially

hazardous conditions, such as the appearance of

obstacles, animals, adverse road conditions (ice or

water) and vehicles either locked in (queue-end

warning) or driving in the opposite direction

(overtaking assistance, wrong-way driving caveat).

The connection between these devices enables to

inform drivers of events of the line-of-vision, thus

increasing the available time reaction [14] [16].

There are different approaches in In this section,

introduction of WSNs are different other sensor

networks, survey of different types of ITS techniques.

The ITS market is born in India. Till it however, most

of the technologies have been successfully applied in

developed countries, there are majored challenges in

implementing such state-of-the-art technologies in

India, as listed below. WSNs providing in , reducing

travel time, metropolitan traffic by enhancing safety

and fuel consumption at the aim of improving our


41

ISSN:2249-5789

daily life. ITS has some significant challenges and

issues will be discussed

Emergency Vehicle Preemption: Emergency

Vehicle Preemption System designed for emergency

transportation movement for safe passage and travel

for lifesavings and view stabilization [7]. Emergency

transportation the like ambulances and fire fighters

are essential in order to reach in time and avoid to

overcrowding traffic conditions. An Emergency

Vehicle Preemption decreases the accident rate, to

foster mutual help strategies, at least response time

and maximizing the security. This system works with

the help of GPS technologies, infrared systems and

audio communication to deliver safe and secure, the

efficient results

Vehicle Data Collection: Vehicle Data Collection

Systems collected the data of vehicles linked to the

performance and good quality of vehicles for organic

analysis, processing and remote monitoring. The

system bases on vehicle gateway, server software

structure, databases and web based interfaces.

Application of the system provides assistance to the

Engineering, Military and highway, vehicle tracking

and analytical the maintenance. For example, this

system is Georgia Tech Trip Data Collector (GT-

TDC) in drive Atlanta Laboratory (Drive Lab) in

Geogia. The system works on the one-by one vehicle

record, state and motion through the GPS [8].

Highway Data Collection: Transport Data

Collection technology provides achievement of road

traffic data in intelligent transportation system.

Location and communication system work with the

help of sensor on the wireless network provide

originally data to the traffic control center for the

purpose of calculating analyzing and identification

traffic congestion, travel time reduces. other major

role of transport data collected works appliance are

collection of wind speed data, inclement conditions,

complex land, from conditions station for security of

vehicles and data reliable[9],[10].

Automatic road enforcement: A traffic apply

camera system, consist of a camera and a vehicle-

monitoring equipment, is used to detection and

identify vehicles niggled a speed limit or any other

road constituted is required and automatically ticket

criminals based on the license plate number. Traffic

tickets are sent by mail. Applications include.

Speed cameras that identification vehicles

traveling over the legal speed limit. Several

such devices use light detection and ranging

to find out a vehicle's speed or

electromagnetic field loops buried in each

lane of the road.

Red light cameras that explore vehicles that

on through a stop line or designated

stopping place while a traffic red signal

light is visible.

Rotate cameras at the intersections where

particular changes are forbidden on red. The

different type of camera is the most of the

used in towns, cities or heavy occupied

areas.

Traffic Control Applications: India uses a fully

functional Traffic Management Center (TMC) to

supporter-actively move traffic through the

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). ITS

similarity four different systems to either prevention

and/or repair crowd, improving driver information

and actively manage special event and weather

related traffic [15]. The four systems are the

TransSuite developed Traffic Management System

(Traffic Signal ATMS), ICX Camera Camel eon

together with a Mitsubitsi Video Wall, horizon

Dynamic Message Signs (DMS), and the DRES

Media/Public Communication System.

Smart Parking Applications: The lack of parking

spaces in cities or country is a concern which leads to

illegal parking, congestion due to Lower speed

driving and long searching one times the faced by

drivers. In order to minimize inconvenience to

drivers, numerous smart parking systems have been

developed which guide drivers to vacant parking

spots Parking Guidance Information System, audio

system, camera, display in parking space and alarm

space in used in tiny size sensor and enable smart

payment and reservation options. WSNs are useful

for the deployment of smart parking systems as a

option of over in expensive wired sensors. Easy

applications using WSNs may involve detecting the

distribution of a blank parking slots around several

floors by emplacing sensor nodes at the entrance of in

every the bottom [11]. Power of sensor networks

comes from the reality they provide the state of each

parking space. There are a significant number of

applications that take advantage from this quality

[12][13]. WSN is deploy in a grid present over the

parking space, area, individual responsible of the

exposure of vehicles and exit other functions such as

condition of parking spaces or management to other

external subsystems.


42

ISSN:2249-5789

IV. Intelligent Traffic Management System

India Government and road agencies are responsible

for the provision of infrastructure and infrastructure

related in intelligent transportation system enhancing

mobility, reliability, security, mobility and road

safety. System for highways and other hand roads

are different. There are infrastructure related ITS

system are following.

Lane management: Dedicated lanes for

trucks, busses and High-Occupancy

Vehicles (HOV) are commonly used in the

developed world to improve the road system

Incident management: Incidents have a

negative impact on the traffic flow handling

of a road. Improved incident handling

measures can limit factor of an incident. In

predicting the danger of an incident will also

help to clear the incident earlier

CCTV cameras: Closed Circuit Television

(CCTV) cameras receive video or photo

shots of before identification condition. The

universal plan is to ‗smoothen‘ traffic flows.

Virtual loops are often used to analyze video

material automatically

Traffic control: Traffic controllers are used

to regulate traffic flows at intersections

Parking management: Parking

management systems, based on direction-

finding systems, provide drivers with

information regarding the availability of

parking space and display system

Real-time information systems: real time

information system use collected data by

traffic management centers or transportation

agency to inform road users of incidents,

traffic police, emergency phone call and

delays

Weight in Motion (WIM): These systems

are currently used in India, under which

technology assists to

Checking up trucks with regards to

overloading

V. Conclusions

In this paper, we describes in wireless sensor

networks based intelligent transportation system

present challenges and issues façade by several

feature in ITS. ITS Technology, systems and

services that contribute to reliability, fuel consumer,

delay, safety, security, on-road side and on-vehicular

entertainment, traffic management or efficient

passenger transport to fulfill the ITS requirements. In

difference of content and services is required to

provide ITS services at Indian level. Therefore,

information exchange standards should be developed

and implemented between public establishment,

transport operators and ITS providers.

REFERENCES

[1]. Chen, Y.; Cheng, L.; Chen, C. & Ma, J:

―Wireless Sensor Network for Data Sensing in

Intelligent Transportation System‖, Proceeding of the

69th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2009

[2]. Chang, B. J; Huang, B. J. & Liang, Y. H.

―Wireless Sensor Network based adaptive vehicle

navigation in multi- hop Relay WiMAX networks‖

Proceeding of the 22nd

International Conference on

Advanced Information Networking and Applications,

March 2008.

[3]. Kong, F. & Tan, J: ―A collaboration based hybrid

vehicular sensor network Architecture‖, Proceeding

of the International Conference on Information on

Information and Automation, 2008

[4]. Mohamed Amine Kafi, Yacine Challal, Djamel

Djenouri, Messaoud Doudou, Abdelmadjid

Bouabdallah, Nadjib Badache: ― A Study of Wireless

Sensor Networks for Urban Tra_c Monitoring:

Applications and Architectures‖ International

Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and

Technologies, Dec 2012, Canada. Pp.617-626. hal-

00920721

[5] Karlof, C.; Wagner, D.; ―Secure routing in

wireless sensor networks‖ attacks and

countermeasures Sensor Network Protocols and

Applications, 2003. Proceedings of the First IEEE.

2003 IEEE International Workshop on 11 May 2003

Page(s):113 – 127

[6]. G.S. Mamatha, Dr. S.C. Sharma ―Network Layer

Attacks and Defense Mechanisms in MANETS- A

Survey‖ Network Layer Attacks and Defense

Mechanisms in MANETS- A Survey Volume 9–

No.9, November 2010

[7]. Qin, X. and A.M. Khan, 2012. ―Control

strategies of traffic signal timing transition for

emergency vehicle preemption‖. Transportation

Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 25(0): 1-

17.

[8]. Jun, J., R. Guensler and J. Ogle.; ―Differences in

observed speed patterns between crash-involved and


43

ISSN:2249-5789

crash-not-involved drivers: Application of in-vehicle

monitoring technology‖. Transportation Research

Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2011, 19(4): 569-

578

[9]. Messelodi, S., et al., ―Intelligent extended

floating car data collection. Expert Systems with

Applications‖, 36(3, Part 1): 4213-4227, 2009

[10]. Chen, S., et. ―Mobile mapping technology of

wind velocity data along highway for traffic safety

Evaluation‘‘. Transportation Research Part C:

Emerging Technologies, 18(4): 507-518, 2010

[11].Lee, S. Yoon, D. Ghosh, A. ―Intelligent Parking

Lot Application Using Wireless Sensor Networks‖.

In Proceedings of the International Symposium on

Collaborative Technologies and Systems, Irvine, CA,

USA, 19–23 May 2008

[12]. Benson, J.P.; O‘Donovan, T.; O‘Sullivan, P.;

Roedig, U.; Sreenan, C.; Barton, J.; Murphy, A.;

O‘Flynn, B. ―Car-Park Management Using Wireless

Sensor Networks‖. In Proceedings of the 31st IEEE

Conference on Local Computer Networks, Tampa,

FL, USA, 14–16 November 2006; pp. 588-595

[13]. Srikanth, S.V.; Pramod, P.J.; Dileep, K.P.;

Tapas, S.; Mahesh, U.; Patil, S.; Chandra, B. ―Design

and Implementation of a Prototype Smart PARKing

(SPARK) System Using Wireless Sensor Networks‖.

In Proceedings of the International Conference on

Advanced Information Networking and Applications

Workshops, Bradford, UK, 26–29 May 2009; pp.

401-406

[14]. Birk, W, Osipov, E. Eliasson, J. I: ―Road—

Cooperative Road Infrastructure Systems for Driver

Support‖. In Proceedings of the 16th ITS World

Congress, Stockholm, Sweden, 21–25 September

2009

[15]. Chang, Y.; Juang, T.; Su, C.H: ―Wireless

Sensor Network Assisted Dynamic Path Planning for

Transportation Systems‖. In Proceedings of the 5th

International Conference on Autonomic and Trusted

Computing Lecture Notes Computer Science,

Wuhan, China, 3–6 September 2006

[16]. Qin, H.; Li, Z.; Wang, Y.; Lu, X.; Wang, G.;

Zhang, W: ―An Integrated Network of Roadside

Sensors and Vehicles for Driving Safety‖: Concept,

Design and Experiments. In Proceedings of the 2010

IEEE International Conference on Pervasive

Computing and Communications (PerCom),

Manheim, Germany, 29 March–2 April 2010.


44

ISSN:2249-5789

Documents

Challenges and Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks Based ... · solutions for intelligent transportation applications. Intelligent parking grouping function via Wireless Sensor Networks