Challenge for Small Navies Outsourcing - Means of Improving … · 2019. 9. 28. · Challenge for Small Navies . Outsourcing – Improving Tooth-to-Tail Ratio . Training & Simulation

| Volume 2 Edition 3 | Page 1

Challenge for Small Navies

Outsourcing - Means of

Improving Tooth-to-Tail Ratio

Doha Hosts

48th Artistic World Championship 2018

IAAF World Athletics Championship 2019

Page 2 | The Dahra Quarter |

Our focus issue for this edition is concerning small navies, we discuss challenges

they face and address a contemporary issue, that of optimising the Tooth-to-Tail Ra-tio through Outsourcing. Simulators are an essential part of our training thus we

have a write up on ‘Do’s and Don’ts’ of Simulator Training in the Training & Simula-tion section. Another article brings out the relevance of education and training for the

military and one of our instructors brings out his experience of teaching in Doha. In the Tech & Innovation part, a member of the Dahra’s Equipment & Maintenance

team speaks about the experience of an important maintenance work undertaken recently.

The Chit-Chat Section gives an insight into the happenings in Qatar.

We soon say goodbye to the heat and the humidity of Summer 2018, and welcome the end-of-year season. Best wishes from the Editorial Team and Happy Reading.

P.S. Please keep the contributions, reviews and feedback coming

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the editorial


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06

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18

table of contents Defence News

Focus Issue

Challenge for Small Navies

Outsourcing – Improving Tooth-to-Tail Ratio

Training & Simulation

Simulator Training

Education & Training for the New Age Soldier

Driving a grey Land Cruiser

Technology & Innovation

Satellite Based Automatic Identification System (AIS)

Retro-Fitment of 900A & 400A MCCBS

North Sea Passage—A New Silk Route

Artificial Intelligence & The Military

Chit - Chat

How Qatar is Beating Plastic Pollution?

Marine Environment Watch in Qatar

A Glimpse of the Doha Metro

Crossword Puzzle

48th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships

Qatar Permanent Residency ID Cards & Its Privileges

The Story of Astrolabe

5G is Here

Why facts don’t change our mind?

Innovative and Fan-Centered 2019 IAAF World Championship

03


Defence News

NEW DEVELOPMENTS QATAR AIR FORCE

Qatar will establish a new airbase called “Tamim Airbase”. The

Air Base will be developed to welcome new aircraft and

systems that are being inducted in the Air Force. This includes

the French Rafale fighters, American F-15 fighters, Eurofighter

Typhoon and other advanced aircraft. The Qatari Emiri Air

Force has seen significant development after 2014, and Doha

has concluded several major deals over the past months. In

December 2017, Qatar signed an agreement with the UK to buy

24 Eurofighter Typhoon after two successive agreements with

the US to buy 36 F-15QA fighters and with France to buy 12

Rafale fighters.

In a path-breaking achievement in 2018, the Air Force has also

welcomed the first female batch as pilot candidates.

NH 90 HELICOPTERS Qatar’s government has finalised an order for 28 NH Industries

NH90 military helicopters that are scheduled to be delivered

between 2022 and 2025. NH Industries is jointly owned by

Airbus Helicopters, Leonardo and Fokker.

Italian aerospace group Leonardo – which acts as overall

prime contractor for the deal valued at more than €3 billion

($3.4 billion) – says that it has booked the order. The contract

covers provision of 12 NH90 NFH naval helicopters, 16 TTH

troop transports, support services, training and certain

infrastructure. The Rome-based group will assemble and

deliver the 12 NFH naval helicopters from its facility in Venice,

while Airbus Helicopters will be responsible for the final

assembly of the 16 TTH transports.

Leonardo says the programme could be extended in future

“with the addition of six plus six units in a mix of TTH and NFH

variants”. Leonardo says that its part of the support and

training deal – for the 12 NFH naval helicopters – spans an

eight-year period.

ORDER OF APACHES

Qatar is on track to receive its recently ordered Boeing AH-64E

Apache Guardian attack helicopters from 2019 through to mid-

2020. The Qatar Emiri Air Force (QEAF) project officer said on

13 August that the first batch of 24 helicopters ordered in 2016

will be received before the end of next year. Deliveries will be

complete by the end of May 2020.

EUROFIGHTER TYPHOON

Qatar made its first payment to BAE Systems for its procurement

from the United Kingdom of Eurofighter Typhoon multirole jets

and Hawk trainer jets.

The deal, worth around £5 billion ($6.6 billion) includes

24 Eurofighter Typhoon multirole jets and nine Hawk trainers,

and a bespoke support and training package. Typhoon deliveries

are expected to begin in 2022.

It includes the formation of a new Royal Air Force Eurofighter

Typhoon squadron that will temporarily integrate personnel from

Qatar. The joint No. 12 squadron will see Qatar Emiri Air Force

pilots and ground-crew based at RAF Coningsby.

No. 12 squadron will have a role in security during the 2022 FIFA

Football World Cup in Qatar

NH 90 Helicopters


Focus Issue

CHALLNGE FOR SMALL NAVIES

The large, well-to-do navies have

principles of Alfred Thayer Mahan, Julian

Corbett etc to guide their strategies, but

what about small navies? What should be

their raison d’etre for existence? This

article will attempt to give a food for

thought in that regard.

What is a Small Navy? It is difficult to

define a small navy. It can be said that a

navy which is not large is a small navy.

But then all navies when compared with

the US Navy should be considered to be

small.

Basil Germond in his paper ‘Small Navies

in Perspective: Deconstructing the

Hierarchy of Naval Forces’ has given

criteria and indicators to rank the navies.

The ranking criteria and the indicators are

given in the Table below.

Based on the criteria given in the Table,

the author has proposed the following

ranking of navies,

Rank 1 – Symbolic Navies

These navies cannot fulfill any mission

properly, including policing territorial

waters. To attain this rank it is enough to

possess an established organizational

structure.

Rank 2 – Navies able to conduct police

and constabulary operations in their

territorial waters (and sometimes in their

EEZs), and to contribute to coastal

defence (mainly in cooperation with allies)

To attain this rank, a navy should

possess a number of patrol boats

adapted to the geographical area to

police.

Rank 3 – Navies able, in addition to Rank

2, to perform coastal defence

autonomously and to participate, within

coalitions, in limited projection operations

Navies go beyond the above-mentioned

duties and enter the field of combat

operations.

Rank 4 – In addition to Rank 3

responsibilities, participate autonomously

in high intensity projection operations

These navies possess range,

sustainability and autonomy.

Rank 5 – Navies are able to perform any

type of mission in any part of the world

without any outside help .

The importance of navies and their role in

the national strategy has been discussed

and analysed over centuries. Several

analysts have concluded that navies form

an essential segment of keeping peace

and ensuring prosperity. Norman

Friedman, in his book ‘Seapower as

Strategy, Navies and National Interests’,

has argued that seapower offers

attractive advantages to any nation

because of its mobility, cost-

effectiveness, inbuilt flexibility and the

ability to effect a development without

actually having to use any force.

If one takes the above argument as a fact

then having a navy is essential for all

maritime nations. The countries which

realised the potential of Seapower and

had the resources to develop and nurture

their navy have become Rank 4/5 navies.

Other navies remained small because

their resources were restricted, due either

Criteria Indicators Order of battle Number of Vessels

Tonnage and type of ships Order of effect Power of weaponry

State of modernity Versatility/ Flexibility Types and diversity of missions

Range/ Sustainability Geographical Reach Capacity for sustained operations

Logistics and afloat support Automation and cooperation/ interoperability

Capacity to operate autonomously

Capacity to operate within a condi-tion

Other qualitative and politi-cal adjustment variables

Professional qualifications Sailors’ moral dispositions Correlation between means and ob-jectives Voluntary limitations

Table— Criteria for ranking navies

Seapower offers attractive advantages to any nation because of its mobility, cost-effectiveness, inbuilt

flexibility and the ability to effect a development without actually having to use any force


to their state’s limited economic

performance or their wealth or to their

government’s ‘low-profile’ defence strategy

and policies.

If a small navy (Rank 2) does want to

embark on path leading to becoming a

higher ranked (Rank 3 and in a few

decades Rank 4) then it faces challenges.

One of the major challenge would be to

acquire capabilities and deploy operational

methodologies so as to fit into a politically-

determined role

Before the end of Cold War, most militaries

leaned towards ‘Threat-based Assessment’

to structure their militaries. This method

used threat analysis to develop strategic

thought and create capabilities. In the 21st

century military force development shifted

to capabilities-based planning. In this

approach, planners use ‘a liberal dose of

military judgment to determine the

appropriate mix of required military

capabilities.” Instead of zeroing in on a

specific opposing threat, this theory

attempts to concentrate on meeting

objectives for tackling more defined

futuristic scenarios.

To elaborate, I will showcase the

development of two small navies, Vietnam

People’s Navy, which took a threat-based

strategy for building its force structure and

Royal Singapore Navy, which took a

capability-based approach.

Vietnam Navy

Vietnam remains distrustful of China as a

result of their historical background of

conflicts. Though some land and maritime

border disputes have been resolved, both

claim sovereignty over Paracel and Spratly

Island groups. Vietnam People’s Navy

(VPN) had ordered six Kilo class

submarines in 2009, which were delivered

in 2014. They also have received four

Gepard class corvettes from Russia, two

for anti-surface role and the next two for

anti-submarine warfare. Vietnam is also

license-producing at least ten 550 ton fast

attack craft that are fitted with anti-ship

missiles which combine with a cruise-

missile equipped Russian Coastal Defence

System and 20 odd Su-27/30 aircraft

capable of maritime strike, to bolster their

defences. VPN was also planning to

procure Dutch Sigma-Class frigates, a

project which has likely been shelved.

VPN’s force development directly indicates

a defensive posture, focus being the

Chinese naval capability. It is investing

significant resources to make certain it can

defend its maritime borders and also

establish claim on its island territories.

Royal Singapore Navy (RSN)

Singapore faces practical and geopolitical

challenges. It is a country which lacks

strategic depth and is boxed in from all

sides by its neighbours, but to its

advantage has access to the most vital Sea

Lines of Communication (SLOCs) and does

not face any direct threat. The country

faces challenges in terms of manning

levels but has countered it by leveraging

technology as a force multiplier. Through

extensive automation RSN’s 141 m LPD is

manned by 65 personnel only. RSN has

evolved its network-centric operations into

a concept called the Integrated Knowledge

Command and Control (IKC2). RSN also

possesses stealth frigates and air-

independent propulsion (AIP) submarines.

Diplomacy forms a part of Singapore’s

defence policy. RSN has taken the route of

security cooperation in Southeast Asia and

expanded it to cooperating with its security

partners in Asia Pacific. Singapore, along

with its partners, has set up security patrols

to counter the transnational, non-traditional

security challenges. RSN supported the

Australian-led Intervention Forces in East

Timor in 1999. Also, Endurance-class LPD

was deployed to the North Arabian Gulf in

2004 in support of UN-mandated

multinational efforts to assist in Iraq’s post-

war construction. In 2009, RSN participated

in Gulf of Aden patrols under CTF 151.

The RSN has been punching above its

weight through deft utilisation of

technology, human capital and diplomacy,

as well as contribution to multilateral

security. The country’s navy has been

developed not based on threats but based

on the nation’s geographic and political

realities.

The Singapore Navy, by making their

presence felt in multi-national operations, in

vicinity and in distant seas, has shown that

a Small Navy can also become a

consequential navy.

Regardless of the approach taken by the

two navies, both have managed to develop

themselves as consequential navies as

Navies aligned to their national strategy

This purpose of this article is to highlight

the challenge faced by small navies of

being relevant. If one learns from history

and the development of other navies, a

small navy can be developed into a

valuable asset in the hands of the policy

makers as means to meet political ends

Contributed by Amit


OUTSOURCING—MEANS OF IMPROVING TOOTH-TO-TAIL RATIO

The concept of ‘Tooth-to-Tail Ratio’ was

first applied to the US forces during World

War II to highlight the enormous

expenditure being incurred on logistic

infrastructure to maintain supplies to the

Allied Forces from production bases in the

US. The term soon caught the fancy of

military thinkers the world over and came to

be used loosely to indicate how

streamlined the structure of a military was.

The concept was not meant to be a

measure of combat effectiveness but was

used primarily to demand downsizing of

armed forces by reducing surplus

manpower to affect savings after World

War II.

Today, the concept is being applied to

identify the core functions of combat

element or the fighting capability and

reduce the non-combat support functions.

In order to improve Tooth-to-Tail ratio,

following are a must,

Definition of “tooth” and “tail” in both

major combat operations and irregular

warfare.

Assess the efforts aimed to improve

the tooth-to-tail relationship and

reinforce those efforts.

Classification of resources as either

m i s s i o n / c o m b a t r e l a t e d o r

infrastructure/support.

Opportunities to convert military

positions to civilian positions.

I d e n t i f y i n g M i l i t a r y ’ s c o r e

competenc ies and exam ine

opportunities for non-core outsourcing.

Outsourcing has already taken over in a big

way in the developed world, where even

some aspects of fighting a war have also

been contracted out.

Outsourcing in the Business World

Outsourcing is a major element in business

strategy which is practiced by both private

and public organisations. It is much more

common to outsource today as compared

to a few decades ago. Outsourcing results

in the supply chain function being

performed by a third party. The decision to

outsource in the civil world is based on,

Growth in the supply chain

surplus provided by the third party

The increase in risk incurred by

using a third party

A business firm should outsource if the

growth in surplus is large with a small

increase in risk.

The motivations behind outsourcing are,

Cost-driven

Strategy-driven

Politically-driven – relevant for

public organisations

Of all three elements, cost savings has

always been the most popular reason for

outsourcing today. More recently, the main

drivers for outsourcing appear to be shifting

from cost to strategic issues such as core

competence and flexibility

Outsourcing in the Military

Outsourcing non-core functions can enable

the armed forces to focus on operational

skills and free up its combat-fit servicemen

to focus on combat deployment. The US

took its first steps towards outsourcing

during the Vietnam War in the 70s by using

civilian transportations to deploy troops to

the field and military contractors to provide

various equipment.

The core responsibilities of militaries all

over the world include protecting civilians,

rescue work during natural disasters and

securing borders. But these same militaries

must expend time and energy on the

mundane tasks any large organization

must deal with, such as payrolls, vehicle

maintenance and logistics services.

That’s where contractors can help. They

can take on the non-core functions of a

military, leaving soldiers to focus on their

core competence. Jobs such as facilities

and vehicle maintenance, technical

training, logistic supplies, cleaning, and

food service can easily be delegated to

private contractors. Such businesses often

can do these jobs better and cheaper.

Modern militaries are using contractors in a

variety of ways, including for consulting,

threat analysis, war-gaming and

simulations, software development,

weapons and vehicle maintenance, and

computer technical support.

Denis Chamberland, a specialist in global

defense contracting, wrote about

outsourcing for National Defense

magazine. He said successful outsourcing

“is about finding just the right balance of

control over the contractor but in a way that

allows it the flexibility to perform those

tasks for which it has been entrusted.”

Focus Issue

Outsourcing non-core functions can enable the armed forces to focus on operational skills and free up its com-bat-fit servicemen to focus on combat deployment


Advantages and Risks of Outsourcing

Advantages. One reason for the trend

towards outsourcing is to be found in the

increasing demands made of the armed

forces. The latter are faced with shrinking

defence budgets and personnel strengths

even as the number and duration of

missions increase. Purchasing private

expertise promises to provide at least

temporary solutions to capability shortfalls

and thus to absorb resource shortages.

Thus the benefits for the military are,

Cost-Savings

Access to high-quality services cost-

effectively

Access to similar services with the

same level of quality at much lower

cost.

Removes the burden of changing or

maintaining infrastructure

Saves cost on investing in expensive

software and technologies

Expertise

Benefits from expert and skilled

services

Focus on core business

Diverts secondary processes to a

specialised external provider

Technology

Military relies on Commercial Off the

Self (COTS) technology. This means

that more and more frequently the

military is relying on contractors to

maintain and sometimes even operate

the technological systems they

develop.

Risks

Risks of outsourcing. In order to derive

maximum benefits of outsourcing the

military needs to understand the risks along

with the advantages. The risks are,

Third parties may be unreliable to

deliver certain quality/quantity

The outsourced company may not be

synchronized with the requirements

Strategy for Outsourcing

To derive full benefits of outsourcing, its

advantages should be made use of and its

risks reduced. A few pointers for

formulating an effective strategy for

outsourcing are,

Determine the activities to be

outsourced

Selection process for the vendor

should cater for all aspects including

business experience and financial

strength

Understand the outsourced firm’s

competitive advantage

Assess the solutions being provided

comprehensively

Invest time and effort in making the

Contract

Keep the firm aligned to own

objectives

Keep control over the outsourced

processes

Conduct systemic and periodic

reviews of all outsourced activities

Keep a dedicated team to handle the

vendor

The outsourcing industry is divided into

three basic sectors. First are the military

provider firms (also known as “private

security firms”), which offer tactical military

assistance, including actual combat

services to clients. Then are the military

consulting firms, which employ retired

officers to provide strategic advice and

military training. Lastly are the military

support firms, which provide logistics,

intelligence, and maintenance services to

armed forces, allowing the latter’s soldiers

to concentrate on combat and reducing

their government’s need to recruit more

troops or call up more reserves.

Outsourcing in the militaries over recent

years has led organisations to clearly

define their core competencies in the

business of war craft. As such, core

competencies must be managed by a

critical mass of expertise and be kept in-

house so as to sharpen the organisation’s

combat ive edge and long - term

competitiveness. Non-core responsibilities

may be outsourced to competent firms by

militaries, in order to optimise and improve

’Tooth-to-Tail’ Ratio.

Contributed by Amit

About the Author

Cdr Amit Nagpal (Retd) is a Principal

Consultant at Dahra and has an experi-

ence of serving 22 years in the Indian

Navy. He is specialist in Communica-

tion and Electronic Warfare


SIMULATOR TRAINING

A cross the world today, training is

being supplemented with use of

Simulators which has its

inherent merits as also some drawbacks.

Whilst it’s good to get the best simulators

available in the world today, it is equally

important to exploit these simulators to

extract the best training output. Simulators

do not replace the actual training, but are

attempting at ‘replicating’ the scenarios that

a trainee may face in reality. Thus what

becomes important is the ‘trainer’ who is

linking this Simulator to the Trainee. When

combined with other unique strengths of

simulations-their ability to simplify systems,

to demonstrate other people’s

perspectives, to develop “battlefront” skills

in safety, and to solve problems from the

inside out – these eye-opening moments

can endow trainees with a vivid, often

deeply personal understanding of even the

most abstract training concepts.

Simulations, however, are widely

misunderstood. The most experienced

trainers, called upon to design a simulation

exercise, often create a workaday version

of the board game “Monopoly.” These are

sometimes successful as play, but rarely

effective as training.

Here are the few checkpoints that a trainer

needs to avoid whilst dealing with

Simulator training

1. Don’t Confuse Replication with

Simulation

The temptation in designing a simulation

exercise is to make a small scale replica of

some full-blown reality. It seems logical

that the closer the simulation comes to

reality, the more valid and memorable the

experience will be – and it isn’t right!

2. Choose the Right Subject to Simulate

Some subjects lend themselves better to

simulation training than others. A topic is

more apt to be suitable for simulation if it

embodies at least one of the following

characteristics:

Perform process oriented task.

Performing tasks simultaneously.

Performing under pressure.

Developing systems thinking.

Recognizing cognitive dissonance.

3. Design the Simulation so Participants

Take Responsibility for Their Actions

Most simulation exercises are divided into

two sections, the simulation exercise

proper and a session analyzing the results

- debriefing. Conscious learning occurs

primarily during the debriefing. Learning is

sidetracked, however, whenever trainees

disown responsibility for their behavior

during the simulation. If they can claim they

did what they did only because the

simulation suggested or encouraged that

action, their motivation to learn from the

experience evaporates.

4. Don’t Play Games with Trainees

If there is an attempt to ‘play games’ with

trainees, how so clever it may seem during

the time of creation, they undermine the

authority and effectiveness of the

simulation by signaling trainees not to take

it seriously.

5. Use of Non-Trainees to Add Realism

Non-trainees, people who have no stake in

the outcome of the simulation, can add an

exciting, even sense of realism. Non-

trainee participants are not suitable in

every simulation (neither is real-world

authenticity, as we’ve seen). But when they

are, they can bring it alive.

6. Develop an Appropriate Performance

Assessment Model

Because of a perceived superiority of

mathematics-based scoring systems in

training, simulation designers often attempt

to develop quantitative models for

assessing trainee performance. These may

be appropriate for quantitative simulations-

those dealing with financial or other

formulaic disciplines-but for most

qualitative simulations they are not.


When combined with other unique strengths of simulations-their ability to simplify sys-tems, to demonstrate other people’s perspectives, to develop “battlefront” skills in safety, and to solve problems from the inside out – these eye-opening moments can endow train-ees with a vivid, often deeply personal understanding of even the most abstract training

concepts


7. Test Your Simulation

The purpose of an test is to evaluate the

basic assumptions of the simulation, its

overall structure and the logic of its

progression. You should expect problems

to surface and be prepared to reinvent the

whole simulation if necessary.

8. Set Your Own Standards for Success

When you spell out the purpose and goals

of your simulation at the beginning of the

process, you are defining standards by

which to judge its ultimate success.

Contributed by BeeKay

About the Author

Cdr BK Verma (Retd) is Assistant

Director (Training and Simulation) at

Dahra. He is a specialist in Navigation

and Direction and brings immense

experience in operat ing Naval

Simulators.



The purpose of this article is to highlight

the intertwining of Education and Training

for the soldier in the new millennium where

the battlefield has become more complex –

Technically as well as Politically. The

meaning of Education in this context is

learning which takes place in the traditional

format in the colleges and universities.

Military training, on the other hand, is job-

specific training aimed at accomplishment

of military missions.

Every nation needs soldiers who are both

educated and trained. Use of military force

these days in highly charged peacetime

politico-military environment has made

education a strategic issue in structuring

the military forces. Training for any purpose

will now only be effective if the trainee is

adequately educated. To be educated, and

thus capable of training for modern combat

tasks, the soldier must be literate in the

language and technology of the present.

He should be able to sense and adapt to

fast-moving, sometimes unpredictable,

technical and socio-political change.

Critical thinking and interpretive skills

based on both broad and technical

education are requirements of the modern

battlefield and of the "peacetime"

environments into which the militaries now

operate. The soldier of the future has to be

as much a thinker as a doer.

To quote an example, the Indian Navy’s

minimum qualification for a commissioned

officer was a basic science graduate till the

recent past. However, in order to equip its

officers for future battlespace, the minimum

qualification has been upgraded to a

‘technical graduate’. This has resulted in

the officers being able to understand the

nuances of modern weapons and sensors

and exploit them more effectively.

On the other hand, the military might be

described as a huge, highly specialized,

complex "corporation" that seeks to train its

personnel to accomplish assigned tasks. It

is the institution's mission that is and

should be served by the corporation's

training. The individual's goals and the

worker's broadening aspirations and

personal development, though sometimes

served, are not what the training is all

about. In the aggregate, military service

training programs are designed to convert

young civilians to military life, train them as

military specialists and/or military leaders.

It then seeks to develop those selected

through a systematic career progression as

soldiers are prepared for higher skill levels

and greater leadership responsibilities.

This is a vitally important "corporate" goal

that serves the national interest.

The importance of a systematic and

focused military training can never be

understated. Use of modern methods like

the ‘Simulator training’, Practical classroom

instructions, generation of live scenarios in

simulators are the way to go for reinforced

learning of the combatants.

It is therefore, important for the armed

forces to induct their personnel and officers

with the right education. After induction,

they must be trained in a focused manner

to be able to take on military missions in

the ‘fog of war’, dealing with latest

technology and resources.

EDUCATION & TRAINING FOR THE NEW AGE SOLDIER

Contributed by Sanjay

About the Author

Capt Sanjay Kumar (Retd) is a Senior

Consultant at Dahra and has an experi-

ence of serving 25 years in the Indian

Navy. He is specialist in Anti Submarine

Warfare


(‘So you want to drive a grey Ferrari’….was

the title of a well written article that drove

home few points to a ‘young budding

executive officer’ taking his initial steps in

getting his sea legs)

Despite the cushion of years of experience

of sea and training assignments, it was

with a sense of trepidation that I

approached the tasking of training QENF

officers. As said variously, no amount of

preparation can equip you fully to meet any

situation but can only help you diminish the

downsides. You then need to fall back on

basic innate skills to innovate on the spot

to get going.

Looking back at the last two years and 6

batches of young QEN officers undergoing

Sub Lt Courses, there were innumerable

challenges in meeting the tasking. We

learnt, innovated, adapted and

experimented constantly in coming up with

the ‘right solutions’. The results varied from

partial success to utter failure. The start

point always was to gain the attention

trainee and then you could you’re your way

around.

Whilst looking around for solution, I didn’t

fail to notice that the young man donning

the QENF officer’s uniform (and true for

any youngster) lived his life on fast lane.

This pace was well supplemented by his

SUV and the iPhone. It’s obviously a fact

that this country (as true of its surrounding)

is the favourite sales ground for the high

end SUVs and the flagship mobiles. No

wonder the young QENF officers can be

zipping past in their Land Cruisers/Lexus

and remaining forever stuck to the ‘Apple’!

That rang a bell! I found the answer! All I

had to do is to ‘analogize’ all learnings of

navigation through references to the Land

Cruiser/Lexus or the Apple. It was a bit

weird and trying at start, but soon I realized

that it was making a difference. And very

quickly I was adept at relating any learning

through these two ‘training aids’! From

Safe Speed in Colregs to ECDIS, from

Initial Settings’ in ARPA to Righting Lever

in stability - I found my refuge in these

training aids!

So from having learnt my ropes through

‘So you want to drive a grey ferrarri’, I am

eagerly looking forward to these young

QENF 2Lts at sea – driving their grey Land

Cruisers with Apple with aplomb – working

their CIRs and Fixes! Inshallah!

DRIVING A GREY LAND CRUISER (WITH AN APPLE IN HAND)!

Contributed by BeeKay


SATELLITE BASED

AUTOMATIC

IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

(AIS)

Approximately 70 percent of the world’s

surface is ocean. People are dependent on

these oceans as 90 percent of present

global trade takes place on the ocean.

Industry, governments, maritime authorities

and businesses need to have a complete

picture of what is going on at sea in order

to safeguard people. Technology exists to

address this critical need to have a

comprehensive global maritime picture.

Since 2004, the International Maritime

Organization (IMO) has required

mandatory AIS transponders to be aboard

most vessels. The Safety of Life at Sea

(SOLAS) Convention, Chapter V, states:

“All ships of 300 gross tonnage and

upwards engaged on international voyages

and cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and

upwards not engaged on international

voyages and passenger ships irrespective

of size shall be fitted with an AIS” and ever

since its introduction, the role that AIS has

played in ensuring the navigational safety,

maritime security, marine search & rescue

and environmental protection at sea & on

shore has been well acknowledged.

The AIS is a recognized technology for

tracking maritime activity and refers to the

technology working on the Very High

Frequency (VHF) radio wave that enables

the ship’s various information such as

name, position, type, speed, course, cargo,

destination etc. to be automatically

exchanged between ship to ship as well as

between ship to shore in real time.

Nowadays, the utilisation of shore‐based

AIS station network to capture the ship’s

information transmitted from the onboard

AIS equipment in order to track and

monitor those ships close to shore has

become a standard practice of the vessel

monitoring service for the maritime

authorities in many nations.

The AIS, however, is limited to fulfil the

needs of globally identifying the ships due

to the limitation of the VHF horizontal range

(approximately 20nm and 100nm for

onboard AIS equipment and shore‐based

AIS station, respectively). Moreover, the

situations at sea pertaining to the unlawful

acts of piracy, armed robbery and port

attack by utilising ships as a weapon has

now drawn several coastal states to put the

long‐range or global ship monitoring

system on their highest agenda in order to

effectively track and identify the ships in

the wider horizon and at an earlier time,

even in real time. As a result, the ship

monitoring system combining the AIS

information capacity and the satellite global

range detection has been driven and

sustained since the beginning of this

century. That is why Satellite-AIS (S-AIS)

has become more popular and the

maritime community is seeing reliable

vessel monitoring that goes far beyond

what was once thought possible. And with

more advances in satellite constellations

and ground stations, the amount and

quality of data that can be collected from

space is increasing. Due to these

advancements, S-AIS gives a complete

global view of the entire world’s maritime

activity and enables the timely & accurate

monitoring of ships across the globe.

The S-AIS system uses special

Advanced AIS receivers on Low Earth

orbit (LEO) satellites to detect AIS

signals from space. The AIS signals

recorded in orbit are downlinked

regularly to ground stations. After the

info is received on Earth, powerful

computing is applied to sort out all the

AIS messages from the noise of all the

cells. It processes all of the information

and decollides all the messages that

were received simultaneously from

vessels using specialised algorithms.

Satellite AIS (S-AIS) provides

unmatched visibility into global maritime

traffic. This information can be used for

a wide range of vital applications

including:

Vessel Monitoring

Security

Environmental

Search & Rescue

Within these areas, Satellite AIS has

numerous uses for maritime traffic tracking

and monitoring. Satellite AIS is gaining

importance as the maritime community

begins to benefit from reliable vessel

monitoring extending far beyond the

horizon. Further advances in satellite

constellations and ground stations are

increasing the amount and quality of data

collected from space.

This has created the capability to have a

complete global view of all the world’s

shipping with more uses and analysis

applications being discovered as the data

becomes integrated into existing

operational systems. S-AIS is the only

means of providing comprehensive and

persistent geospatial intelligence for the

timely and accurate monitoring of vessels

on a global basis.

Contributed by Abhijeet

About the Author

Cdr Abhijeet Tripathi (Retd) is a Senior

Consultant at Dahra and has an

experience of serving 20 years in the

Indian Navy. He is specialist in

Communication and Electronic Warfare



The Suez Canal has been the most

efficient route to transport large amounts of

cargo between Asia and Europe.

Over the past decades climate change has

led to higher temperatures in the Northern

Arctic resulting in the quantum of sea ice

decreasing significantly rendering the

Arctic waters above Russia better

navigable.

Maritime companies, especially shipping

companies, have evinced interest in the

development of a Northeast Passage to

shorten the trade route between East Asia

and Western Europe in comparison with

the conventional Suez Canal route.

Northeast Passage augurs well with a

potential to greatly diminish the sailing

distance viz., ships departing from

Shanghai, Busan, Yokohama or Busan to

the destination Rotterdam would decrease

their journey by 2,511 to 4,122 nautical

miles, which is about 25-37 per cent.

Furthermore, the development of a railway

connecting China with Europe enables

another way for goods to be transported

faster between East and West. Can these

quicker trading routes cause a shift in the

transport of cargo among Asia and

Europe?

Increased Significance

Prior 2008, the Northeast Passage was

rarely used as a maritime route between

Europe and Asia. The shipment of dry

cargo here remained mainly domestic.

However, a significant change was noticed

between 2008 and 2016, where in, the

annual average of ships using the

Northeast Passage for international

shipping increased to 41 in the intervening

period of 2011-2016. Although, it is just a

fraction in comparison to the approximate

17,000 vessels that annually pass the Suez

Canal, the Arctic route could see an

exponential change in utility in the near

term.

Challenges

The current challenges undermine the

economies of scale achieved by large

containerships. The shallow bathymetry at

the coastal route of the Northeast Passage

and the straits of Sannikov & Dmitry Laptev

with limiting depths of about 13 and 7 m

restrict the size of ships to approximately

2500-4500 TEU. While in comparison,

Suez Canal offers greater predictability in

navigation to shipping companies all-round

the year without dependency on the

season and assistance of ice breakers.

The limited port availability for maintenance

and support apart from the absence of

highly populated coastal areas are a

disadvantage of the Northeast Passage,

considering the philosophy of container

ships rarely unloading all cargo at a single

destination, but visit several large ports on

their voyage to distribute cargo.

Silver Lining — A New Silk Route

On September 10, 2013 the Chinese

vessel Yong Sheng arrived at the Port of

Rotterdam to become the first container

ship to complete a voyage through the

Arctic from Shanghai. This voyage using

the Northeast Passage was approximately

9 days and 2,800 nautical miles shorter in

comparison to the traditional Suez Canal

route. As a result, China Ocean Shipping

(Group) Company viz., COSCO, has taken

the lead to use the Northeast Passage as a

new cargo route for Euro-Asia trade.

COSCO advocates the numerous

advantages to shipping companies of

cutting “Enormous expenditures on fuel,

canal transit, and security”, with a reduced

fuel use and emission by about 35 percent.

It is indeed a beginning for COSCO to have

sent five vessels through the Arctic Ocean

in 2016, albeit approximately 700 of its

modern merchant vessels using the Suez

Canal.

The Northeast Passage may not attract the

container ships for now, but brings new

possibilities for the transport of natural

resources. Bulk carriers and tankers would

transport minerals, metals and oil from

Northern Russia to China, Japan,

NORTH SEA PASSAGE - THE NEW SILK ROAD



Scandinavia, and even the Netherlands.

The rail connectivity between China &

Europe has opened new vistas of overland

connection improving on the logistics

nightmare in the hinterland, this Northeast

Passage would aid in bridging the large

trade imbalance between China and

Europe.

Full containers from China arrive daily in

Europe, but filling these containers with

return cargo still remains a challenge. As

these containers eventually have to return

to China within the limited shipment prices

apart from the transit time, Northeast

Passage could aid in minimizing the cost of

transportation in support of the rail

network. The cargo from Europe could

move beyond the realms of China to Japan

& Koreas as well.

Expected Economic Lure

The Arctic waters create opportunities for

companies in the fields of offshore, ship

building and port construction. The first cue

has been taken by BigRoll, an innovative

provider of heavy marine transportation

solutions located in Leiden, Netherlands.

BigRoll has successfully delivered four

deck carriers to the Yamal LNG (Liquefied

Natural Gas) Project, in the middle of the

Northern Arctic Route, constructed

specifically to operate in the Arctic Waters,

and are therefore equipped with Finnish

Swedish Ice Class 1A, which are are

designed to operate in difficult ice-

conditions mainly without icebreaker

assistance

Moreover, cargo arriving in European ports

can be additionally transported to Great

Britain, Scandinavia, and even the East

Coast of the United States, in aid to reduce

transit & shipping time from China.

The Northeast Passage is in for some

interesting times triggering a new

economic growth in the Arctic ice.

An adaptation to an article published in Maritime Holland – 06 Mar 18 Contributed by Godwin

AI uses big data techniques to interrogate

massive databases to discover hidden

patterns and correlations – and are

continually leveraged for intelligence and

security purposes by nation states and non

-state entities alike. Quantum computing,

first applied to encryption functions, is now

a key computing enabler, especially for

artificial intelligence.

A principal reason that militaries need

artificial intelligence is the convergence of

large quantities of sensors,

communications networks, and an

accelerating stream of data and

information. As the quantity of information

continues to increase, the capacity of

humans to deal with it is not increasing

commensurately. Indeed, humans are fast

becoming the most sluggish link in decision

-making.

Just as AI has proliferated in commerce, so

too is it likely to proliferate through military

decision-making. It may be used in

intelligence analysis, strategic decision

support, operational planning, command

and control, logistics, and weapon systems

across all environments.

In future conflicts, decision cycles are likely

to become faster than the capacity of

human cognition to process. Military

command and control and strategic

decision-makers alike will need artificial

intelligence that can process information

and recommend options for making

decisions faster (or of higher quality) than

an adversary can. Military organizations

will likely contain thousands or even tens of

thousands of unmanned and robotic

systems, all-encompassing some form of

artificial intelligence. In this environment,

where all sides may possess artificial

intelligence and autonomous systems, the

race will go to the intellectually swift..

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE MILITARY


Chit-Chat

This year’s World Environment day ran the theme ‘Beat Plastic

Pollution”. How did Qatar observe this day? Qatar has supported

the drive to reduce plastic pollution and protect the environment.

The Qatar National Vision 2030 lays immense importance on

educating the people of Qatar on how they can protect the

environment and positively contribute towards reducing plastic

pollution within the country.

Campaigns to reduce plastic pollution are already underway and

slowly and gradually, through the initiatives of the Ministry of

Municipality and Environment (MME) awareness is growing among

the people of Qatar to reduce their plastic waste:

Beach clean up

Every year hundreds of volunteers get together to clean the

beaches of Qatar where beach-goers leave their plastic waste lying

around the beach.

Recycling bins

A large number of recycling bins have been set up in strategic

locations around the country and campaigns to plant more trees are

fast growing popular.

Recyclable bags

Many supermarket chains are encouraging customers to use their

recyclable bags that are available at a very low cost, and some are

using paper bags instead of plastic ones.

Plastic Waste disposal

Stringent regulations have been put in place and strict measures

are being taken to dispose off plastic waste effectively so as to

cause minimum damage to the environment.

The Pearl-Qatar, in association with the Qatar Green Building

Council (QGBC), organised a ‘Trash to Treasure’ art project with an

aim to highlight the

amount of waste

people produce, as

w e l l a s t o

showcase creative

and artistic ways to

deal with trash. A

large number of

volunteers came

t o g e t h e r t o

complete the art

project , which

drove the message

to the wider

community that

reducing, reusing

and recyc l i ng

waste is the way to

go for minimising the negative effects of waste on the environment.

Making use of a collection of as many as 60,000 bottle caps,

bottles, bags, plates and spoons, the art project was designed by

Visual Arts Forum India (VAFI), and had Jotun, Spinneys and Qatar

Plastic Products Company as its sponsors. Artist Patric Rozario, an

active member of VAFI, and many of the group's other members

played key roles in building the 3D pond project, which was

unveiled on 29 March in celebration of Earth Hour.


T he Ministry of Municipality

and Environment began the

second phase of the field

observation of the marine

environment in Qatar for the year

2018, part of the environmental

monitoring plan for air, water and soil

in the country.

The field monitoring team from the

ministry, in co-operation with different

municipalities, cities such as Ras

Laffan Industrial City and Mesaieed

Industrial City and ports management

company used modern monitoring

devices to begin the phase.

The monitoring will continue until next

week.

Ef forts to protect the Qatar i

e n v i r o nm en t , r e s ou rc e s a n d

sustainability comes as part of Qatar's

second Nat ional Development

Strategy 2018-2022.

It also comes as part of the

importance given to the environment

by the country's leadership which is

reflected in making the issue the fourth

pillar in the Qatar National Vision

2030.

Manager of the Department of

Environmental Observation Engineer

Hussein al-Kibisi said the current

phase follows last year's programme,

where environmental data were

recorded at 4 coastal sites and 14

beach locations using modern

equipment.

These sites are accredited in the

programme and cover all areas of the

important marine environment in

Qatar, extending from Khor Al Udeid to

south and east, then the

rest of the sites north of Ras Rakan,

west and south to Salwa, passing

t h r o u g h D u k h a n , h e s a i d .

He added that after the teams record

measurements of the different

environmental variables in the

specified sites, marine samples are

collected and stored by approved

technical methods and handed over to

an environmental laboratory affiliated

with the department.

The lab then runs physical, chemical

and microbiological measurements of

36 environmental parameters, to

prepare semi-annual and annual

reports containing a comprehensive

assessment of the marine environment

quality in the country to be submitted

to the relevant authorities for follow-

up, he said. Head of the aquatic

environment quality in the department

Ali al-Kuwari said, the second phase

of observing the aquatic environment

in Qatar complies with the ongoing

monthly programme of monitoring

seven maritime sites distributed across

different parts of the country, where

the same procedures are carried out,

in addition to preparing monthly

reports on marine water quality.

He added that the department holds a

monthly monitoring programme for sea

wa te r qua l i t y i n Qa tar and

environmental urvey of the water

quality discharged into the Gulf from

seven drainages belonging to the

Public Works Authority Ashghal.

Source: Gulf Times, Doha-Qatar

A GLIMPSE OF THE DOHA METRO

Doha Metro, Qatar’s state-of-the-art rapid transit

system is set to be one of the most sophisticated

system in the region, connecting Doha to communities

within and outside its vicinity. Here’s a look at how it

slowly takes form. Following its establishment in 2011,

Qatar Railways Company (Qatar Rail) is leading one of

the largest rail projects in the world to meet the

demands of Qatar’s dynamic and growing population.

Four lines cover the Greater Doha area with

connections to commercial and residential areas

throughout the city. In central Doha, the Metro will be

underground; at the outskirts, it will mainly be at

ground level or elevated.

The project will be conducted over multiple phases: the

first phase will see the construction of three of the four

lines (Red, Gold, and Green) and 37 stations,

expected to be operational in 2020. Future phases

involve the introduction of an additional line (Blue) and

the expansion of the existing ones with more than 60

additional stations. The first expansion will be

completed by 2026. The designs for the Metro do not

include any large ticket offices or machines. Instead,

passengers will purchase tickets via smartphones.

At the end of April 2018, 77% of the Doha Metro Phase

1 Program had been completed, including 81% of the

construction work and 59% of works related to the

installation of various systems. The proposed date for

inauguration of the Doha Metro Phase 1 Red Line from

Al Qassar to Al Wakra is 31 October 2018. Also known

as the Coast Line, the line will have 18 stations, the

biggest being Msheireb, handling 100,000 passengers

an hour. West Bay Station has been renamed Qatar

Insurance Group Station under the first agreement for

naming stations.

Source: http://www.marhaba.qa/a-glimpse-of-the-doha-

metro/

MARINE ENVIRONMENT WATCH IN QATAR


1D 2M

3W 4C

5M

6C 7T

8B

ACROSS 1 A lighter without means of self-propulsion.

5 The type of mooring or berthing where ships are

berthed at right angle to the berth with stern secured to

jetty.

6 The strongest bulkhead in a ship.

8 The greatest width of the hull.

DOWN 2 The point of intersection of force of buoyancy in

upright position and force of buoyancy in heeled

condition.

3 Process of moving a ship at berth using ropes and

without engines.

4 The curve surface of deck which will drain water to the

ship’s side.

7 The difference between the forward and aft draught.

CROSSWORD PUZZLE

Created by Abhijeet

Chit-Chat


18 - 27 October 2018

All Details: Qatar Sports Events When: Where: 18 - 27 Oct Aspire Dome

Doha will host the 48th edition of the FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Championships from 18th-27th October 2018 at the world renowned, state-of-the-art Aspire Dome. Already the successful host of seven editions of the FIG World Challenge Cup, Qatar’s progression in the development of gymnastics will take another step forward through the hosting of the World Championships, reflecting the country’s continuing emergence in one of the world’s oldest sports. During Doha’s bid, 18-year-old gymnast, Shaden Wahdan, reigning national senior female title-holder, stressed the immense potential the championship has to reach out and inspire a new generation of gymnasts across the Middle East Qatar Olympic Committee

THE VENUE All in One concept

The Aspire Zone, also known as Doha Sport City, is a 250 hectare (2.5 square kilometers) sporting complex located in Al Waab district of

Doha, Qatar. Aspire Zone boasts some of the world’s finest sport stadia and venues offering a unique sport, sports medicine, research and

education destination for the international sports industry. All required facilities will be accommodated under one roof at the world class

facilities of Aspire Zone.

Aspire Dome

Competition hall with a capacity of 3,500 spectators which can be extended to 5,000

2 giant screens (LED) providing a constant display of results & live broadcasting

Multifunctional halls which can accommodate 8 training halls

Meeting rooms and offices (FIG members and technical delegates)

Auditorium for the technical meetings

Media centre & TV studios

VIP lounges and VIP dedicated tribunes

Lounges and restaurants

http://worldgymdoha18.com


Permanent Residency Privileges

According to the Law, permanent residency

cardholders will be treated as Qataris in

government healthcare and educational

facilities in the country as per the

conditions that will be applied.

A permanent residency cardholder will be

allowed to stay in Qatar without an

employer or host (sponsor), exit and return

to the country at any time and will be able

to invest in sectors of the national economy

and own real estate for residential and

investment purposes.

According to the new Law, the permanent

residency card will be granted to long-term

residents in Qatar (20 years if born outside

Qatar and 10 years if born in Qatar) with

enough income to meet his needs and thoe

of his family, should enjoy good conduct

and reputation, and have adequate

knowledge of the Arabic language.

Permanent Residency Eligibility

Children of a Qatari woman married with a

non-Qatari as per the law, children of a

Qatari by naturalisation, a non-Qatari

husband of aQatari woman, a non-Qatari

wife of a Qatari man are exempted from the

above condition of 10 and 20 years.

Individuals who have done great services

to the country and those with special

capabilities needed by the country are also

eligible for permanent residency and

exempted from the above condition of 10

and 20 years.

Permanent Residency Applications

Regarding the mechanism on how to can

apply for the permanent residency

card, Brigadier Al Muraikhi and Brigadier Al

Ateeq explained that application

submission will be made available through

the MOI website or one of its electronic

applications. For this purpose, an electronic

network has been built to implement this

law and has been tried and tested. The

applications will be subjected to legal

review and compliance to meet all legal

requirements and other conditions by legal

auditors of the Committee. Then the

applications will be submitted to the

Committee which will issue its

recommendations on such applications. In

case of approval, the applications will be

referred to the General Directorate of

Passports to issue Permanent Residency

Card.

Brigadier Al Muraikhi and Brigadier Al

Ateeq also pointed out that specific and

clear criteria will be set up by the

competent authorities to implement these

standards to ensure the implementation of

the law to achieve its purpose and provide

more facilities and services to residents

who have a Permanent Residency card.

A working group was formed to prepare the

implementation of this ground-breaking

Law by preparing the necessary decisions

a n d a r r a n g e m e n t s f o r i t s

execution. Several meetings were held with

different law enforcement authorities, like

the Ministry of Administrative Development,

Labor and Social Affairs, the Ministry of

Economy and Trade, the Ministry of

Education and Higher Education, the

Ministry of Health and the Ministry of

Municipalities and the Environment as part

of implementation.

Source: iloveqatar.net

QATAR PERMANENT RESIDENCY ID CARD AND ITS PRIVILEGES

Chit-Chat

CROSSWORD PUZZLE ANSWERS:

1. DUMB 2. METACENTRE 3. WARPING 4. CAMBER 5. MEDITERRANEAN 6. COLLISION 7. TRIM 8. BEAM


Imagine a device that can do everything:

Give you the time, your location, your

horoscope, and even help you make

decisions—all with the swipe of a hand.

No, this isn’t the iPhone. It’s the Astrolabe,

a remarkably versatile tool that was used

for centuries in European and Islamic

cu l tu res be fo re be ing qu ie t l y

overshadowed by newer technologies.

I first came across the Astrolabe during my

visit to the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha.

Its intricate design and the layers of

numerous disks really fascinated me. It

aroused my curiosity to find out more about

this amazing device.

It’s difficult to know who first invented the

astrolabe, since writings about the earliest

astrolabes were likely recorded on papyrus

that has decayed. But there is strong

evidence that the astrolabe got its start

around the time of Claudius Ptolemy, a

famous Greek astronomer who lived in the

Roman Empire during the 2nd century AD.

Ptolemy left records suggesting he used a

three-dimensional instrument similar to the

astrolabe to make calculations.

The astrolabe, which translates roughly to

“star-taker” in Greek, travelled out of

Europe and into the Islamic world by the

8th century. While devices from different

regions and time periods could vary

widely—anything from wood to brass—they

shared a similar structure.

In general, these multi-use tools consist of

a circular stack of sliding features all

embedded within a disk called a

“mater”. This device helps to find the

altitude of a star—often the starting point of

a calculation. Because the geography of

the sky changes with your latitude,

astrolabes commonly came with a series of

plates associated with different latitudes of

large cities.

Astrolabes had blended uses, from

scientific to what we would today consider

spiritual. They have a strong history in

Islam as a tool to find both the direction of

prayer toward Mecca—known as the

Qibla—as well as the five times of prayer

required throughout the day, as stated in

t h e Q u r a n .

While the astrolabe may strike some of

today’s scientists as primitive, even its less

-scientific components helped inspire

modern techniques. From the invention of

the astrolabe came new methods of

mathematics, along with the early

development of astronomy.

An astrolabe would have been amongst the

suite of tools that Christopher Columbus

would have used when exploring the New

World, along with a quadrant and various

tables and almanacs with pertinent

information.

Bartolomeu Dias used the astrolabe to

figure out the latitude of the Cape of Good

Hope in 1488, because they were so far

south that they lost Polaris.

Bu t b y th e 17 th a n d 18 th

centuries, mechanical clocks were

becoming more reliable and affordable. On

top of that, new rational approaches to

science were developing, and people’s

faith in astrology, and therefore their need

for astrolabes, began to subside.

And so, by the 17th and 18th centuries, the

astrolabe began to fall out of fashion. Other

devices, like modern clocks, sextants for

precise navigation, and much later modern

computers, took their place.

by Laura Poppick

www.smithsonianmag.com/

Astrolabe


What is 5G?

5G stands for the fifth generation of the

next wireless mobile standard. According

to the Next Generation Mobile Network's

5G white paper, 5G connections must be

based on 'user experience, system

performance, enhanced services, business

models and management & operations’.

The 5G New Radio (NR) specification was

released by standards body 3GPP in late

2017 - and chips are already being built '5G

-ready' and in order to qualify for a 5G a

connection should meet most of these eight

criteria:

1. One to 10Gbps connections to end

points in the field

2. One millisecond end-to-end round-trip

delay

3. 1000x bandwidth per unit area

4. 10 to 100x number of connected

devices

5. (Perception of) 99.999 percent

availability

6. (Perception of) 100 percent coverage

7. 90 percent reduction in network

energy usage

8. Up to ten-year battery life for low

power, machine-type devices

Advantages of 5G

Like all the previous generations, 5G will be

significantly faster than its predecessor

4G. This should allow for higher

productivity across all capable devices with

a theoretical download speed of 10,000

Mbps.

"Current 4G mobile standards have the

potential to provide 100s of Mbps. 5G

offers to take that into multi-gigabits per

second, giving rise to the ‘Gigabit

Smartphone’ and hopefully a slew of

innovative services and applications that

truly need the type of connectivity that only

5G can offer. Plus, with greater bandwidth

comes faster download speeds and the

ability to run more complex mobile internet

apps.

Disadvantages of 5G

However, 5G will cost more to implement

and while the newest mobile phones will

probably have it integrated, other handsets

could be deemed out of date. A reliable,

wireless internet connection can depend on

the number of devices connected to one

channel. With the addition of 5G to the

wireless spectrum, this could put us at risk

of overcrowding the frequency range. The

problems with 4G and even 3G aren't

exactly filling us with the hope of an

immediate super-fast connection. For a

long time (and still even now) certain

handsets and don't support or can access

4G connections, so the rollout for 5G is

likely to be very patchy.

WHEN can I get a 5G phone?

Commercial 5G networks are likely to start

launching in mid 2019 or 2020 so even

though some phones will be available ahead

of this, users will still need a 5G-ready mobile

network to make full use of them, and they’re

likely to have issues, including short battery

life, unstable connectivity and lack of

handover to 4G networks. In Qatar, Ooredoo

announced that the first commercial 5G

network has now reached 50 sites.

Ooredoo’s 5G network roll-out will have a

hugely positive impact on many business

sectors and organizations in Qatar.

Most noticeably, 5G serves as the next step

in network evolution, as it has much higher

speeds and capacity and extreme low

latency. Ooredoo 5G will enable new types

of applications like driverless cars and smart

roads, the connection of millions of low

powered connected devices, Augmented

Reality and much more.

Contributed by Phil

5G is

HERE!

Chit-Chat


Leo Tolstoy once wrote, “The most difficult

subjects can be explained to the most slow-

witted man if he has not formed any idea of

them already; but the simplest thing cannot

be made clear to the most intelligent man if

he is firmly persuaded that he knows

already, without a shadow of doubt, what is

laid before him”.

What is going on here? Why don’t facts

change our minds? And why would

someone continue to believe a false or

inaccurate thing anyway? How do such

behaviors serve us?

Human needs reasonably accurate view of

the world in order to survive. If your model

of reality is widely different from the actual

world, then you struggle to take effective

actions each day. However, the truth and

accuracy are not the only things that mater

to the human mind, but humans also seem

to have a deep desire to belong and want

to fit in to a bond with others, and earn the

respect and approval of our peers.

For most of our evolutionary history, our

ancestors lived in tribes, becoming

separated from the tribe was a death

sentence. In many circumstances, social

connection is actually more helpful to your

daily life than understanding the truth of

particular fact. We don’t always believe

things because they are correct, some

times we believe things because they make

us look good to the people we care about.

If a brain anticipates that it will be rewarded

for adapting a particular belief or thing, it’s

perfectly happy to do so, and doesn’t much

care where the reward comes from-

whether it is pragmatic (better outcomes

resulting from better decisions), social or

mix of two.

False beliefs can be useful in a social

sense even if they are not useful in a

factual sense. For lack of better phrase, we

might call this approach “factually false, but

socially accurate”. When we have to

choose between the two, people often

choose family and friends over facts.

Convincing some one to change their mind

is really the process of convincing them to

change their tribe. If they abandon their

belief, they run the risk of losing social ties.

You can’t expect someone to change their

mind if you take away their community too.

You have to give them some where to go.

Nobody wants their world view torn apart if

loneliness is the outcome.

The way to change people’s mind is to

become friends with them, to integrate

them into your tribe, to bring them in to your

circle. Now they can change their belief

without the risk of being abandoned

socially.

The brilliant Japanese writer Haruki Murani

Once wrote “Always remember that to

argue, and win is to break down the reality

of the person you are arguing against. It is

painful to lose your reality, so be kind even

if you are right.

When we are in the moment we can easily

forget that the goal is to connect with the

other side, collaborate with them, befriend

them and integrate them to our tribe. We

are so caught up in winning that we forget

about connecting.

The word “kind” originated from the word

“kin”. “When you are kind to someone it

means you are treating them like family.

This I think is a good method for changing

someone’s mind.

An adaptation to an Article published in

Habits Academy by James Clear – 10 Sep

18

Santhosh Kumar K

WHY FACTS DON’T CHANGE OUR MIND


Doha is the venue for 2019 IAAF World

Athletics Championship to be held from 26

Sptember to 06 October 2019.

Progress on Track

Commenting on the Championships, Vice

Chairman and Director General of the

Local Organising Committee and IAAF Vice

President Dahlan Al Hamad, said:

“It is our ambition to organise an

innovative, creative and exciting event that

inspires and engages new fans, new

athletes and new audiences and

maximises the full potential of our region’s

first-ever IAAF World Championships. We

are very excited to unveil, in partnership

with the IAAF, the new competition

schedule and night marathon format.

These will enable us to showcase the sport

like never seen before, capturing the

attention of young people in Qatar and

around the world and connecting them to

the contagious excitement of athletics.

Progress is fully on track for WCH Doha

2019 and we look forward to combining our

passion for athletics, our experience and

knowledge of hosting major athletics

events, and our warm hospitality and rich

culture to organise a unique, memorable

a n d h i g h l y s u c c e s s f u l W o r l d

Championships. We cannot wait to

welcome the world to Doha in 2019.”

IAAF President Sebastian Coe had said:

“Finding ways to bring the emotion and

appeal of athletics to the local community

and the region has always been one of

Doha’s ambitions for hosting the IAAF

World Championships. Both our teams

have explored creative ways to meet this

ambition, bringing together sport expertise

and cultural knowledge in a new and

entertaining way. It is exciting to see the

way the World Championships are being

developed and adapted to the host country

and region mixing world class competition

with an ambitious entertainment and

engagement plan that we hope will delight

athletes, spectators and viewers around

the world.”

“We have some great World Championship

firsts as well. The first 4x400m mixed relay

will have its global debut ahead of the

Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, the first

midnight marathon, the evening sessions

with semi-finals and finals only and

dedicated slots in the timetaable for the

final stages of field events allowing full

focus on the decisive and most thrilling

moments and attempts. We are looking

forward to seeing how these firsts and the

engagement format will come together next

year to deliver a World Championships that

will look and feel different.”

A Midnight Marathon

The spectacular midnight marathon will

take place along Doha’s iconic Corniche

with the city’s iconic night skyline as a

beautiful backdrop, providing stunning

imagery for TV’s global audience. Lights

along the entire route will bring the full

marathon to life with spectators enjoying

family-friendly activities to give the event a

festival atmosphere for athletes and fans

alike. The popularity of night running

events has grown considerably over recent

years with Doha 2019 embracing the latest

trend of the biggest global movement to

bring a unique and different element to the

World Championships. Organisers will

apply experience gained in hosting the

world’s first night-time MotoGP race at

Lusail International Circuit to ensure a

highly successful event that leaves a future

legacy for further night road racing and

other events around the world.

Further progress has been made with the

completion of the renovation of Khalifa

International Stadium, which has been

transformed into one of the most

technologically advanced stadiums in the

world. The Global Sustainability

Assessment System (GSAS) certified

stadium has LED lighting, digital floodlights

and air-conditioning technology that will

provide optimal conditions for athletes,

spectators, officials and media.

Working with bespoke light and stage

designers will allow fully integrated state of

the art video screens and stage designs,

bringing the wonderful Doha landmarks to

the Khalifa Stadium, creating never seen

before scenery for the medal ceremonies

and the competition.

The stadium, which lies at the heart of

Doha’s world-renowned sporting centre,

the Aspire Park, was fully and successfully

tested for the Emir Cup Final in 2017 and

will be utilised further ahead of the World

Championships with the 2019 Doha

Diamond League and the 2019 Asian

Athletics Championships, which will be the

official test event for the World

Championships.

State-of-the-Art Surfaces

When the world’s best athletes take the

global stage at the IAAF World

Championships Doha 2019, it will be on a

Mondotrack WS surface. For the first time-

ever the colour chosen for the track will be

pink. This new aspect as enabled MONDO

to personalise its prefabricated surface to

INNOVATIVE AND FAN-CENTRED 2019 IAAF WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS ANNOUNCED

Chit-Chat


match the look and feel of the event, whilst

assur ing its tradit ional uni form

biomechanical response all over the track

surface. Commenting on behalf of Mondo

Sport & Flooring, Maurizio Stroppiana said:

“In January 2018, we completed the

installation of our Mondotrack for the main

and warm-up tracks at Khalifa International

Stadium. We are proud to be part of the

transformation of the biggest Stadium in

Qatar, contributing to its improvement with

our track surface. Further to the innovative

look and feel of the color, the surface is

Greenguard Gold, certified for its low VOC

emissions. We believe Mondotrack WS will

contribute to the look, to the performances

and to the sustainability of the IAAF World

Championships Doha 2019.”

Qatar has been hosting international

athletics events for over 21 years from the

first-ever IAAF Grand Prix in 1997, which

later became the Doha Diamond League in

2010 and this year is celebrating its ninth

edition, in addition to the 2010 IAAF World

Indoor Championships. Qatar won its first

major medal in athletics at the Barcelona

92 Olympic Games with Mohamed

Suleiman taking bronze in the 1500m.

Since then, Qatar’s strength and depth on

the global stage has continued to grow and

last year the nation’s sporting legend Mutaz

Barshim won the coveted IAAF World

Athlete of the Year award after becoming

the first high jumper since 2004 to be

undefeated for a whole season

Speaking about the opportunity that the

Doha 2019 World Championships will

bring, Mutaz Barshim said:

“I am so excited to compete in the IAAF

World Championships in front of my home

crowd, with my family and friends in the

stadium. It is not many athletes that get to

experience a special moment like that.

However, more importantly I want to create

a spark that will later become a legacy. I

hope that more young people in Qatar and

around the region will be inspired to

participate in athletics. This isn’t just about

becoming a future World Champion but

enjoying the simple fun and excitement of

the best sport in the world.”

The WCH Doha 2019 will be particularly

profound for the continued growth of

women’s athletics across the region. The

performance of Qatar’s female athletics

team has improved considerably over

recent years with females participating in

the past two Olympic Games and strong

achievements on a regional level.

Commenting on the opportunity, Sheikha

Asma Al Thani, Marketing and

Communications Director of the WCH

Doha 2019 said:

“It is our ambition that the World

Championships in Doha will help to inspire

more young girls from across the region to

see that anything is possible and that they

can achieve their dreams. We want to

break down barriers and change

perceptions of Arab women in sport, and

inspire and empower more and more girls

to participate in sport at any level.”

Source: www.iaaf.org

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