Thailand’s Low Carbon Growth

Strategies and Challenges

Chaiwat Muncharoen, D. Eng.

Deputy Executive Director

Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management

Organization Public Organization)

Estimation of Thailand Emissions

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

1998 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year

CO

2-e E

miss

ions

(Mt)

Energy Industrial Process Solvent and Other Product Use Agriculture Land Use Change & Forestry Wastes GDP High Case GDP Low case

Total Emission (included LULUCF) = 229.08 Mt CO2 eq

CH4 (Mt)Eq,

58.83, 25.7%

N2O (Mt)Eq,

12.39, 5.4%

Net CO2,

157.86, 68.9%

• GHG emission in 2000

(Mt CO2 eq, %) - by sector

• GHG emission in 2000

(Mt CO2 eq, %) - by Gas Type

Waste, 9.32,

4.1%LULUCF,

-7.90, -3.4%Agriculture,

51.88, 22.6%

Industrial

processes,

16.39, 7.2%

Energy,

159.39, 69.6%

Emission in 2000 of Energy Sector (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Emission in 2000 by 'Energy Sector' (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Energy, 159.4

69.6%

1B2 Oil and natural

gas, 4.6, 2.9%

1B1 Solid fuels

0.7, 0.4%

1A4c

Agriculture/Forestry/F

ishing, 6.7, 4.2%

1A4b Residential,

5.6, 3.5%

1A3 Transport, 44.7,

28.0%

1A2

Manufacturing

industries &

construction, 30.8, 1A1 Energy

Industries,

66.4, 41.7%

Waste

9.3, 4.1%LULUCF,

- 7.9, - 3.4%

Agriculture

51.9, 22.6%

Industrial processes,

16.4, 7.2%

Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq

Emission in 2000 of Industrial Process (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Emission in 2000 by 'Industrial Processes' (MtCO2eq, %)

Industrial Processes,

16.4, 7.2%

2C Metal production,

0.01, 0.0%

2B Chemical industry,

0.3, 2.0%

2A Mineral products,

16.0, 97.9%Waste, 9.3, 4.1%

LULUCF, -7.9, -3.4%

Agriculture,

51.9 22.6%

Energy, 159.4, 69.6%

Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq

Emission in 2000 of Agriculture (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Emission in 2000 by 'Agriculture' (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Agriculture, 51.9,

22.6%

4F Field burning of

agricultural residues,

1.0, 1.9%

4D Agricultural soils,

7.8, 15.0%

4C Rice cultivation,

29.9, 57.5%

4B Manure

management, 5.1,

9.7%

4A Enteric

fermentation, 8.3,

15.9%

Waste, 9.3, 4.1%

LULUCF, -7.9, -3.4%

Industrial processes,

16.4, 7.2%

Energy, 159.4, 69.6%

Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq

Emission in 2000 of LULUCF (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Emission in 2000 by 'LULUCF' (Mt CO2 eq, %)

LULUCF,

- 7.9, - 3.4%

5C Abandonment

of managed lands,

- 39.02 MtCO2eq

5B Forest &

grassland conversion,

44.47 Mt CO2eq

5A Changes in forest

& other woody

biomass stocks,

- 13.35 Mt CO2eq

Waste, 9.3, 4.1%

Agriculture, 51.8,

22.6%Industrial processes,

16.4, 7.2%

Energy, 159.4,

69.6%

Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq

Emission in 2000 of Waste Sector (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Emission in 2000 by 'Waste Sector' (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Waste, 9.3,

4.1%

6C Waste

incineration, 0.02,

0.2%

6B Waste-water

handling, 4.4, 47.5%

6A Solid waste

disposal on land,

4.9, 52.2%

LULUCF, - 7.9, - 3.4%

Agriculture, 51.9,

22.6%Industrial processes,

16.4, 7.2%

Energy, 159.4, 69.6%

Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq

National Emission in Time Series

2000 – 2004

Total GHG Emission (Mt CO2 eq)

with LULUCF / with F-gases

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Mt

CO

2 E

q

Energy

Industrial proc.

Agriculture

LULUCF

Waste

Total national emissions and removals

229.1 225.0 238.8

251.8265.9

389.2

Supply

ElectricityPolicies, measures,

capacity building,

Finance,

Technology

Contribution of Emission Reduction :PDP

2010 Scenario

Baseline emission 1,400 MtCO2

498

715

PDP 2010 emission

1,275 MtCO2

Climate Plan Scenario: mitigation option

Mitigation Option of GHG

Emission

Energy Non-

Energy

Power

Generation

Industrial sector

Transport sector

Commercial &

Residential

sector

1.T& D Losses

2. Renewable

3.PP Efficiency

4. Fuel Switching

5. Coal+CCS

• Eff. Boiler

• Eff. Furnace

• Biodiesel

• Gasohol

• Hybrid

• Eco-car

• Cooking Stove

• LPG Stove

• Standby Power

• Electric Kettle

• Fridge in Store

Mitigation Option of GHG Emission

Non-Energy

Industrial Process

Agriculture

Forestry &

LULUCF

Waste

• Clinker Substitution

• CCS

• BAT

• Livestock

• Rice Field

• Agricultural Soil

• Field Burning

• Forest conservation 2005

• Increase forest land to 40% in 2020

• Policy and Technology Mix for OD and LF

Climate Plan Scenario: mitigation option

Baseline emission 740 MtCO2

Climate Plan Scenario: Energy sector

309

204

Climate Plan Scenario:

Agriculture & Forestry Sector

Baseline emission 124 MtCO2

99.686

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Gg

CO2 Eq

uiva

lent

Inventory Year

Environmental Results: Global Worminng Potential

Combined Mitigation: Management (3Rs) with Technology

(Semi-aerobic Landfill + Organic Treatment + LFG Recovery )

BAU - GDP4%

Management 3Rs Implementation: 1kg/person-d + 30% Recycling

Organic Treatment (After 3Rs: 1kg/peron-d + 30% Recycling)

LFG Recovery (Aftter 3Rs + Organic Treatment)

Semi-aerobic Landfill (After 3Rs + Organic Treatment +LFG Utilzation)

Climate Plan Scenario: Waste Management Sector

1kg/person/day+30% Recycling

Organic Treatment

LFG Recovery

Semi aerobic

Baseline emission 35.1 MtCO2

21.6

18

Baseline emission 1400 MtCO2

Contribution of Emission Reduction:

BAU,PDP 2010 and Climate Plan Scenario

715

498

Crown Standard

• Crown Standard indicates high quality of Thai

CDM Projects.

• Value added for Thai CERs.

• Criteria:

– Total Score > 50%

– Public participation (level of participation)

– Public contribution (from CER income)

• The project will be annually monitored by TGO’s

monitoring network.

Information

• National Registry

• Monitoring System and Monitoring Network

• GHG database

• Business Intelligence Tools

• New TGO website

• National Grid Emission Factor

• Mitigation Policy

Energy

National Inventory and

Communication

IPPU

4D

1A3ai

AFOLU

3C

2B

IPPU

AFOLU

Waste

(Combustion, Fugitive GHG)

Industrial Processes & Produce Use

Cement, Petrochemical,

Refrigerant)

Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land

Use

(Farm, Rice cultivation, Land

use)

(Landfill, Incineration,

Composting, Wastewater

treatment)

Promotion

• Carbon Market Forum

• Carbon Footprint and labeling

• Cool Mode

• Set up of Thailand Caron Fund

• Energy Efficiency Standard and Labeling

• Tax incentive and other measures

• Pilot project on Low carbon city

• Pilot project on A/R CDM

Capacity Building and Outreach

• Training for Thai DOE candidates

• Training for other stakeholders

• Climate Thailand Conference 2010

• Capacity Building of TGO and other

agencies by JICA

• Training material, media, news letter

Issues, Challenges and lessons

learned

• Knowledge and understanding on low

carbon strategies and initiatives

• Tool to analyze the impacts of measures

implemented

• Awareness, participation and

coordination of stakeholders

• Institutional framework and arrangement

• Financial support for implementing

activities

Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization

(Public Organization)

9th floor, The Government Complex Building B

120 Moo 3 ChaengWattana Road,

Laksi, Bangkok 10210 THAILAND

Tel. +662 141 9804

Fax +662 143 8401

E-mail: info@tgo.or.th

chaiwat.m@tgo.or.th

URL: www.tgo.or.th

Contact Detail