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TODAYS OBJECTIVES: Locate and describe Arabia in the period before the rise of Islam.

Explain how the prophet Muhammad became the prophet and

how he began to unify the Arabian Peninsula under Islam.

Identify the basic beliefs and practices of Islam.

Ch. 8: ISLAM

Section 1:

The Rise of Islam

Happy Ramadan !

Begins tomorrow!

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WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT ISLAM?

Write these definitions on p. 3 in your packet:

ISLAMthe religion founded by Muhammad in Arabia around 630 C.E.

MUSLIMa person who is a follower of the Islamic religion.

AllahGod in Arabic.

Quranthe holy bookof the Muslims.

(Koran)

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Insert Arabia map

Mecca

Medina

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It is the fastest growing religion in the world.

In 1997, the percentage of humans who regarded

themselves as Christian rose only from 33.7% in 1970 to

33.9% in 1996. Its total number of adherents is growing

at about 2.3% annually.

Islam is currently spreading at a faster rate: about 3.9%

and is thus increasing its market share. Populations in

mostly Christian countries are remaining level and, in

some cases, declining. Consequently, the percentage of

Christians in the world is predicted to be at

approximately 25% of the world's population by 2025.

As a result of the extremely high rates of population

growth in their major nations, the proportion of Muslims

in the world continues to increase dramatically.

Islam will probably account for about 30% of the world's

population by 2025.~ U.S. Center for Christian World Missions, 2000.

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Christianity

Taking the J / C / I Quiz

Mark each statement with a

J for Judaism

C for Christianity

I for Islam

5 minutes

Jewish

TORAH

Christian

BIBLE

Holy Book ?

Islamic

KORAN

(Quran)

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PACKET, p. 5 Introduction to Islam: The Quran

Insert transparency of Quran quote

What does this Quran passage

tell you about how Muslims view

the teachings of the Hebrew

prophets and Jesus? How do Muslims view Jesus?

What is one belief that Muslims,

Jews, and Christians all share?
http://members.tripod.com/~Abyssinia/Africa/sunni.gif

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CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam Packet, p. 3 Textbook, p. 234

The Prophet Muhammad

CAUSE

1. What were Muhammads revelations? He believed God spoke to him through the Angel Gabriel

that he was the last of the great prophets

now had to teach others that Allah was the one and only God

and all the other gods in Arabia had to be abandoned.
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CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam Packet, p. 3 Textbook, p.235


EFFECTS

2. Why were Muhammads ideas unpopular in Mecca? Muhammads new idea of one God (monotheism) angered

those who, for centuries, had worshiped the many

traditional Arab gods.

Meccas economy thrived on the pilgrimages of Arabs who cameto make frequent visits to shrines of the many gods.

If there was only one God, the visitors would stop coming, and so

would the lucrative trade income.
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HijrahMuhammads flight from Mecca to Medina in 622.

map

The Islamic world begins its calendear Year 1 with this event.

In other words, our year 622 A.D. is their year 1 A.H.

This year, 2004 A.D., is year 1425 A.H. in the Islamic world.

To learn the formula for figuring the Islamic year, visit www.islam.com

Medina

Mecca

DID YOU KNOW?
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EFFECT

3. In what way(s) was the Hijrah a turning point?Meccas opposition to Muhammad only brought attention to

his new religious message and he gained a wide following in Medina.

Besides a religious leader, he now became a political leader

uniting the various Arab tribesmen. He was also forced into a position as a military leader now in the

conflict between Mecca and Medina.


map

Mecca

Medina
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EFFECT

map

Mecca

Medina

4. Why was Muhammads return to Mecca important? Muhammed used Mecca as a base from which to

work toward unifying the entire Arabian peninsula.
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SPAIN

A R A B I A

Mecca

Medina

Baghdad Jerusalem

Alexandria .

MediterraneanSea

ArabianSea

Red

Sea

PersianGulf

Rome

NORTH AFRICA

BYZANTINE

EMPIRE

Constantinople

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What was Arabian

society like

before Muhammadcame on the

scene?

See Textbookp. 233

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CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam Packet, p. 3 Textbook, p.

Beliefs & Practices of Islam


Monotheism - There is only one God (Allah).

Each person is responsible for his or her own actions.

Allah will judge all people on a final judgment day.

5. What does Islam teach its followers?

B. More DefinitionsMosqueplace of worship for Muslims

Minaretprayer tower

Muezzinprayer crier,he cries out the time of prayer 5 times a day.

See textbook pic, p. 237 Muslim Prayer

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B. More DefinitionsThe Five Pillarsfive requirements of a Muslims life.

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Muslims circling around thesacred Ka`aba in Mecca,

climax of the hajj pilgrimage.

The Hajj Climaxes here.

See Textbook, p. 259

CH 10 S 1 Th Ri f I l P k 3 T b k

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CH 10, Sec. 1: The Rise of Islam Packet, p. 3 Textbook, p.


B. More Definitions

hajjpilgrimage to Mecca all Muslims must make in their lifetime.

SunnaMuhammads model for proper living.

shariaha system of laws in Islam.


CH 10 S 1 Th Ri f I l P k 3 T b k 236

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Muslims do not separate their personal life from their religious life.

Carrying out the Five Pillars daily as well as other customs ensuresthat Muslims live their faith

while serving in the community.

6. How does carrying out the Five Pillars and other laws of Islam

affect the daily lives of Muslims?


A Muslim woman wears a hijab.

CH 10 S 1 Th Ri f I l P k t 3 T tb k 237

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Because Muhammad wrote the Quran in Arabic and all followers are

required to read it, that one language and that one religion created unity.

The SIGNIFICANCE of Muhammad ishe single-handedly unified hundreds of nomadic tribes in Arabia who

spoke different languages and worshipped hundreds of different gods.

He did this with one tool: the Quran !

Written in a COMMON LANGUAGE (Arabic)+

providing a COMMON RELIGION (Islam)=

he achieved Arabian UNITY.

7. How did observing Islamic teachings help to create unity among

Muslims?


CH 10 S 1 Th Ri f I l P k t 3 T tb k 237

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Shariah law required Muslims to extend religious tolerance to

Christians and Jewsthe people of the book.

8. How did Islamic law affect Muslim attitudes toward Christians and Jews?


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TODAYS OBJECTIVES:Describe how Muhammads successors spread Islam.

List sources of conflict within the Umayyad Muslim state that led to

the two major divisions / branches of Islam today.

Identify on a map the major Muslim capitals / caliphates.

Ch. 10: ISLAM

Section 2:

The Spread of Islam

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SPAIN

A R A B I A

Mecca

Medina

Baghdad Jerusalem

Alexandria .

Mediterranean

Sea

ArabianSea

Red

Sea

PersianGulf

Rome

NORTH AFRICA

BYZANTINE

EMPIRE

Constantinople

Cordoba

Cairo .

Damascus

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Islam

Section 2

Muhammads Successors Spread Islam


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CH 10 Sec 2: The Spread of Islam Packet p 9 Textbook p 238

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In 632, Abu-Bakr became the first

caliph(KAYlihf), a title that meanssuccessor or deputy.


CH 10, Sec. 2: The Spread of Islam Packet, p. 9 Textbook, p.238


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Rightly Guided Caliphs

Abu-Bakr and the next three elected caliphsUmar,

Uthman, and Aliall had known Muhammad and

supported his mission. They used the Quran and Muhammads actions as

guides to leadership.

For this, they are known as the rightly guided caliphs. The region ruled by a caliph was called a caliphate.


1. What did the rightly guided caliphs use as guides to leadership?

The Quran and Muhammads actions in life.

What is the meaning of the word caliph?


Caliph means successor

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Abu-Bakr had promised the Muslim

community he would uphold whatMuhammad stood for.

For two years, Abu-Bakr used

military force to reassert the authority

of Muhammads successors in theMuslim community.

By the time Abu-Bakr died in 634, the

Muslim state controlled all of Arabia. Abu-Bakar

Examine the maps in your packet

that show the Spread of Islam

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Under Umar, the second caliph, swiftand highly disciplined armiesconquered Syria and lower Egypt,which were part of the ByzantineEmpire.

The next two caliphs, Uthman andAli, continued to expand Muslimterritory both eastward andwestward.

By 750, from the Atlantic Ocean tothe Indus River, the Muslim Empirestretched 6,000 milesabout twotimes the distance across thecontinental United States.


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2. What changes did they make during their rule?

They mobilized highly-disciplined armies that conqueredArabia, parts of the Byzantine Empire, and Persia.




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3. Why were they successful in their quest to expand the empire and

spread Islam? Muslims were willing to fight to extend and defend Islam.

Armies were well-disciplined and expertly commanded.

The Byzantine and Persian empires were weak at this time.

People who had suffered religious persecution welcomed themore tolerant Islamic empire.



Persecutions in Persia of those who did not practice

official Zoroastrianism, as well as persecution in theByzantine empire of those who did not practice officialChristianity, was widespread at this time.

The persecuted often referred to the Islamic invaders

as liberators.


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Treatment of Conquered Peoples

Many conquered peoples chose to accept Islam.

They were attracted by the appeal of the message of

Islam, as well as by the economic benefit for Muslims

of not having to pay a poll tax.

Christians and Jews, as people of the book, wereallowed to practice their faiths freely and even

received special consideration.

Christians and Jews played important roles as officials,

scholars, and bureaucrats in the Muslim state.

In practice, tolerance like this was extended to other

groups as well.



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The murder ofUthman in 656 triggered a civil

war, with various groups struggling for power. A family known as the Umayyad

(ooMYEyadz) came to power.

They set up a hereditary system of succession.

Umayyad Mosque

Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis


4. What ended the elective system of choosing a caliph?

When the Umayyads came to power after abloody civil war,

they set up a hereditary system of succession.

The Umayyads

CH 10, Sec. 2: The Spread of Islam Packet, p. 9 Textbook, p. 239

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5. What other changes did they make during their rule?

They moved the capital to Damascus.They abandoned the simple life of previous caliphs, and

began surrounding themselves with wealth and ceremonies.

The Umayyads

When you look

at the expanse of

the lands

conquered by the

Umayyad, what

logistical reason

might they have

had forrelocating the

capital to

Damascus?

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SPAIN

A R A B I A

Mecca

Medina

Baghdad Jerusalem

Alexandria .

Mediterranean

Sea

ArabianSea

Red

Sea

PersianGulf

Rome

NORTH AFRICA

BYZANTINE

EMPIRE

Constantinople

Damascus

Cordoba

Cairo .

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SunniShia Split

In the interest of peace, the majority of

Muslims accepted the Umayyads rule.

A minority did continue to resist, and around

some of these groups an alternate view of theoffice of caliph developed.

In this view, the caliphthe person most

responsible for spreading Muhammadsmessageneeded to be a relative of the Prophet.
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SunniShia Split

This group was called Shia, meaning

the party of Ali.

Those who did not outwardly resist

the rule of the Umayyads later

became known as Sunni, meaning

followers of Muhammads example. Another group, the Sufi (SOOfee),

reacted to the luxurious life of the

Umayyads by pursuing a life of

poverty and devotion to a spiritual

path.

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The Sufi

They tried to achieve direct

personal contact with Godthrough mystical means, such as

meditation and chanting.

In some ways they were similarto Christian and Buddhist

monks.

The Sufis played an importantrole in keeping Muslims focused

on the Quran and tradition.

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The Sufi

Later, they became very active as

missionaries in newly conquered lands.

Another religious development was the

growth of scholarship in various branches

of Islamic learning and law.

The study of the traditions of Muhammad,

Arabic language, and the development of

schools of sharia established standards ofIslamic conduct.


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, p p p

6. What led to the downfall of the Umayyads?

The division of Islam into Sunni, Shia, and Sufi branches.The Sunni and Shia had different ideas about leadership;

and the Sufi practiced lives of extreme poverty and

religious devotion.

The Umayyads

Umayyad mosque, Damascus.

B. The 3 Different Branches or Sects Within Islam

Sunnichoose their caliph by election.

Approx. 80% Muslims are Sunni.

Shiabelieve the caliph must be

a relative of Muhammad.

Approx. 17% Muslims are Shia.

Sufiabandon material possessions,

live simple monastic life


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The Abbasids Vigorous religious and political opposition to the

Umayyad caliphate led to its downfall. Especially troubling to Muslims was the Umayyad

obsession with material wealth.

Rebel groups overthrew the Umayyads in the year 750.

The most powerful of those groups, the Abbasids(ABuhSIHDZ), took control of the empire.

7. How did the Abbasids come to power?

They were the most powerful of the rebel groups thatoverthrew the Ummayads.

p p p

The Abbasids

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The Abbasids strength lay in the former Persian lands

including Iraq, Iran, and central Asia.

The Abbasids

8. What changes did they make during their rule?

They moved the capital to Baghdad, developed a strong

government bureaucracy, created an efficient tax system,

and a strong trade network.

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Abbasids Consolidate Power

A chancery prepared letters and documents. A special department managed the business of

the army.

Diplomats from the empire were sent to courtsin Europe (for example, Charlemagnes court),

Africa, and Asia to conduct imperial business.

To support this bureaucracy, the Abbasids taxedland, imports, and exports, and non-Muslims

wealth.


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The Abbasids8. What major problem did the Abbasids face?

They were unable to complete solid political controlover such an immense empire.

The Umayyads2

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The Umayyads

and the Abbassids

Set up dynasty that ruled until 750

Moved capital to Damascus

Conquered lands from Atlantic tothe Indus Valley

Relied on local officials to governthe empire, while the Umayyads

themselves lived in great luxury.

Faced economic tensions betweenwealthy and poor Arabs

Split in Islam occurs during theirreignbetween Sunni, Shia, Sufi.

Overthrew the Umayyads in 750

Moved capital to Baghdad

Ended Arab dominance and helpedmake Islam a universal religion

Empire of the caliphs reached itsgreatest wealth and power through

strong trade network.

Muslim civilization enjoyed a GoldenAge

Difficulty controlling vast empire.

These powerful caliphates ruled the Islamic world, expanded the Arab empire,

and brought about a golden age in Muslim civilization.

UMAYYADS ABBASSIDS



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Rival Groups Divide Muslim Lands

The Abbasid caliphate lasted from

750 to 1258. The Fatimid(FATuhMIHD)

Dynasty, named afterMuhammadsdaughter Fatima, ruled in North

Africa and spread across the Red Seato western Arabia and Syria.

Although politically divided, theAbbasid Empire and the smaller

powers remained unified in otherways. Religion, language, trade, andthe economy tied the lands together.


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Muslim Trade Network

The two major sea-trading zones

those of the Mediterranean Sea andthe Indian Oceanlinked theMuslim Empire into a world systemof trade by sea.

The land network connected theSilk Roads of China and India withEurope and Africa.

Muslim merchants needed only a

single language, Arabic, and asingle currency, the Abbasid dinar,to travel from Crdoba, in Spain, toBaghdad and on to China.


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Muslim Trade Network

To encourage the flow of trade,

Muslim moneychangers set up banksin cities throughout the empire.

Banks offered letters of credit, calledsakks, to merchants.

A merchant with asakkfrom a bankin Baghdad could exchange it forcash at a bank in any other major cityin the empire.

In Europe, the wordsakkwaspronounced, check. Thus, thepractice of using checks dates back tothe Muslim Empire.


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A.

B.

C.

Ch. 10: ISLAM

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TODAYS OBJECTIVES: Describe Muslim society during the Abbasid caliphate.

Explain how Muslims worked to preserve scientific learning.

Give examples of Muslim advances in the sciences.

Section 3:

Muslim Achievements

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Solve the following simple equations:

1. V + II = _________________

2. CML = _______________

3. MCMLXXXVXXX = ________

4. XXVI X III = __________________

5. CDXXV / V = _________________

The ASTROLABEArabian

Art & Literature
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ALBEGRA (al-jabr)

Section 3

Muslim Achievements

ARABIC NUMERALS

IBN KHALDUN

Great Arab Historian

Arabian

Nights

CH 10: Islam

Todays Opening Quiz is a Math Quiz..you have 3 minutes!
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Solve the following simple equations:

1. V + II = _________________

2. CML = _______________

3. MCMLXXXVXXX = ________

4. XXVI X III = __________________

5. CDXXV / V = _________________

1. 5 + 2 = ______________

2. 90050 = ___________

3. 198530 = __________

4. 26 x 3 = ____________

5. 425 / 5 = ___________

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.The ASTROLABEArabian

Art & Literature
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ALBEGRA (al-jabr)

Section 3

Muslim Achievements

ARABIC NUMERALS

IBN KHALDUN

Great Arab Historian

Arabian

Nights

CH 10: Islam

CH 10, Sec. 3: Muslim Achievements Packet, p. 19 Textbook, p.242-243
http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/ibnkhaldun/index.html

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1. Muslim society

There were Four social classes:

Those who were

Muslim by birth

Converts to Islam

of other religions (the protected people of the book)

Slaves______________________________ Muslim women - at this particular time actually had

more rights than women living in Medieval Europe.Razia Sultana [1205-1240]

Razia Sultana was the first female Muslim ruler of South Asia.She was a talented, wise, just and generous woman. She was agreat administrator and well-versed in governmental affairs. Shewas not only a good leader in the battlefield but herself was alsoan excellent fighter. The capable son of King Iltutmush died duringhis own life, and the rest of his sons were incompetent to govern,so Iltutmush nominated his daughter, Razia Sultana, as his

successor on the throne of Delhi India.

CH 10, Sec. 3: Muslim Achievements Packet, p. 19 Textbook, p.244

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2. Medicine, math, and science

Arabic numerals, the importance of zero (10 digits)

Developed algebra, trigonometry in astronomy


Al-Kwarazini(Mohammad bin Musa Al-Khawarizmi)was perhaps one of the greatest mathematicians who ever lived.He was the founder of several branches of mathematics. He notonly initiated the subject of algebra in a systematic form but healso developed it to the extent of giving analytical solutions of

linear and quadratic equations, which established him as thefounder of Algebra. The very name Algebra has been derivedfrom his famous book Al-Jabr wa-al-Mfuqabilah. His arithmeticsynthesized Greek and Hindu knowledge and contained hisown contributions to mathematics and science. He explained theuse of zero, a numeral of fundamental importance developed by

the Arabs. Similarly, he developed the decimal system so that the overall system ofnumerals 'algorithm' or 'algorizm' is named after him. In addition to introducing theIndian system of numerals (now generally known as Arabic numerals), he developed atlength several arithmetical procedures, including operations on fractions. It wasthrough his work that the system of numerals was first introduced to Arabs and later toEurope, through its translations in European languages. He developed in detailtrigonometrictables containing the sine functions.

CH 10, Sec. 3: Muslim Achievements Packet, p. 19 Textbook, p. 244-245

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Developed algebra, trigonometry in astronomy Charted stars, comets, and planets / constellation charts

The astrolabe

The Astrolabe played a pivotal role in history.

The astrolabe was highly developed in the Islamic world by800 and was introduced to Europe from Islamic Spain

(Andalusia) in the early 12th century. It was the most popular

astronomical instrument until about 1650, when it was

replaced by more specialized and accurate instruments.

It is doubtful the European explorers could have everlaunched the great Age of Discovery without this device.

Astrolabes are still appreciated for their unique capabilites and

their value for astronomy education.See Textbook, p. 245


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The astrolabe

Wrote medical reference booksRhazes (al-Razi) and Ibn Sina

Avicenna, or Ibn Sina wrote two importantworks: The Book of Healing and

The Canon of Medicine.

The first is a scientific encyclopedia covering

logic, natural sciences, psychology, geometry,

astronomy, arithmetic and music.

The second is the most famous single book in

the history of medicine.


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The astrolabe

Wrote medical reference books

Produced a book on optics that would lay the groundwork for the

later development of the telescope and microscope

AlhazenwroteThe Book of Optics(Kitab al-Manazir), probably themost thoroughly scientific in method of all medieval works.In it,Alhazen developed a broad theory that explained vision by usinggeometry and anatomy. He rejected the theory of Euclid and Ptolemythat vision results from a ray leaving the eye and reaching the object.Instead he postulated, correctly, that each point on a lighted area orobject radiates light rays in every direction, but only one ray from eachpoint strikes the eye perpendicularly, "and is transmitted there by thetransparent body [the lens]." So profound and seminal was thisexplanation that it led George Sarton to call Alhazen "the greatestMuslim physicist and one the greatest students of optics of all time."

Alhazen

965-1040

CH 10, Sec. 3: Muslim Achievements Packet, p. 19 Textbook, p.244-245

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Arabic numerals, the importance of zero (10 digits) Developed algebra, trigonometry in astronomy

Charted stars, comets, and planets / constellation charts

The astrolabe

Wrote medical reference books

Produced a book on opticsthat would lay the groundwork for the

later development of the telescope and microscope Muslim scholars were re-introducing the Greek

(Aristotles) understanding of the importance of

proper scientific observation and experimentation.

Why is it that so many ancient Greek texts survive only in Arabictranslations? How did the Arabs, who had no direct contactwith the science and learning of Classical Greece, come tobe the inheritors of the classical tradition? The answerappears to be the Umayyad dynasty located in Damascus.They had an interest in things Greek, employed educated Greek-

speaking civil servants extensively, and sought to preserve Greek science.

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A.

B.

C.

D.

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SPAIN

A R A B I A

Mecca

Medina

Baghdad Jerusalem

Alexandria .

Mediterranean

Sea

ArabianSea

Red

Sea

PersianGulf

Rome

NORTH AFRICA

BYZANTINE

EMPIRE

Constantinople

Damascus

The Caliphates

Cordoba

Cairo .

Which Muslim dynasty About how many years Muslims split into two

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y ywas in power in A.D. 732when Arab forces weredefeated at the Battle ofTours by the Frankisharmies of Gaul led by

Charles Martel, thushalting Arab expansionin Europe?

y ydid the Abbasid dynastylast?

pmain sectsShia andSunni after a revolt ledby Hussein in what year?

CH 10, Sec. 3: Muslim Achievements Packet, p. 19 Textbook, p.

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The House of Wisdom

A Great Center of Learning

During Abbasid RuleIn Baghdad

Abbassid Castle in Baghdad

The House of Wisdom was actuallya group of learned Arabic men

including the great mathmetician al-Khawarizmi,the Bana Musa brothers (Mohammed Jafar ibnMusa, Ahmad ibn Musa and al-Hasan ibn Musa),and Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Ishaq al-Sabbah al-Kindi

- to whom was entrusted the task oftranslating Greek manuscripts into Arabic.


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3. Philosophy and History

Translated the works of Greek philosophers into Arabic. Ibn Khaldun wrote a study of World History.


Ibn Khaldun

1332-1395

Ibn Khaldun's chief contribution lies in philosophy of history and sociology.

He wrote the first world history aimed at an analysis of historical events.

This volume, commonly known asMuqaddimah or 'Prolegomena',

was based on Ibn Khaldun's unique approach and became a masterpiece in

literature on philosophy of history and sociology. The chief concern of this

monumental work was to identify psychological, economic, environmental

and social facts that contribute to the advancement of human civilization and

the currents of history. He analyzed the dynamics of group relationships and

showed how group-feelings, al-'Asabiyya, give rise to the ascent of a new

civilization and political power and how, later on, its diffusion into a more

general civilization invites the advent of a still new 'Asabiyya in its pristine form.He identified an almost rhythmic repetition of rise and fall in human civilization,

and analyzed factors contributing to it. His contribution to history is marked by the

fact that, unlike most earlier writers interpreting history largely in a political

context, he emphasized environmental, sociological, psychological and economic

factors governing the apparent events. This revolutionized the science of history

and also laid the foundation ofUmraniyat(Sociology).


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4. Literature and the Arts

The Quran a great work of literature. Poetry

Legendary stories such as the Arabian Nights

The Nights:

The Arabian NightsThe Story of the Merchant and the Genie

Arabian

Art & Literature

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The Story of the Merchant and the GenieThe Story of the First Old Man and the HindThe Story of the Second Old Man and the Black DogsThe Story of the FishermanThe Story of the Greek KingThe Story of the Husband and the Parrot

The Story of the Vizir Who was PunishedThe Story of the Young King of the Black IslesThe Story of the Three KalandarsThe Story of the First KalandarThe Story of the Second KalandarThe Story of the Envious ManThe Story of the Third KalandarThe First Voyage of Sinbad the SailorThe Second Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor

The Third Voyage of Sinbad the SailorThe Fourth Voyage of Sinbad the SailorThe Fifth Voyage of Sinbad the SailorThe Sixth Voyage of Sinbad the SailorThe Seventh and Last Voyage of Sinbad the SailorThe Little HunchbackThe Story of the Barber's Fifth BrotherThe Story of the Barber's Sixth BrotherThe Adventures of Prince Camaralzaman

Noureddin and the Fair PersonAladdin and the Wonderful LampThe Caliph of BagdadThe Story of the Blind Baba-AbdallaThe Story of Sidi-NoumanThe Story of the Merchant of BaghdadThe Enchanted HorseThe Story of the Jealous Sisters

Nights

1001 Nights...?

Do you know the story?

CH 10, Sec. 3: Muslim Achievements Packet, p. 19 Textbook, p. 246

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the Arabian Nights

Arabesque art

In the visual arts and architecturaldesign, Arabesque art is a linear

decoration based on plant forms.

Arabesque motifs are complicated,

intertwined, flowing designs first found

in ancient Arabic arthence the term.

They are a feature of ancient Greek and

Roman art, and are particularly common

in Islamic art.

Check out more examples

CH 10, Sec. 3: Muslim Achievements Packet, p. 19 Textbook, p. 246-247

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the Arabian Nights

Arabesque art

Calligraphy

Click here to see several unique

styles of calligraphy.

The beautiful handwriting

called calligraphy played animportant artistic role in a

culture like the Muslim society

where human representation

was not considered proper.

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CH 10, Sec. 3: Muslim Achievements Packet, p. 19 Textbook, p.

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A.

B.

C.

Documents

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