Ch5. Describing languageCh5. Describing language——VocabularyVocabulary

科目 : 英語教材教法

任課老師 : 邱淑娟

第二組組員 :高雅婷 494010845游家鳳 697750221

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Meaning in Meaning in contextcontext

Language functions -what does the speaker want people

to understand ? (eg) It’s warm in here. Requesting? Comment ?

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The elements of The elements of languagelanguage

Grammar -The elements go in the right order. (eg) It’s warm in here. *It here in

warm is.

Vocabulary -words which were chosen on

purpose antonym v.s. synonym (eg) hot/cold v.s. hot/warm

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Pronunciation -the way the sentence is spoken (eg) It’s warm in here. It’s warm in

here?

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Forms and meaningsForms and meaningsOne form, many meanings -The present continuous verb form can refer to both the present and the

future. (eg) I’m not listening. v.s. I’m seeing

him tomorrow.

One meaning, many forms (eg) I’ll see you tomorrow. I’m going to see you tomorrow. I’m seeing you tomorrow. 5

Words togetherWords togetherCollocations -Any two words occur together more often than just by chance. (eg) heavy rain, heavy trafficLexical chunks -They’re strings of word which behave almost as one unit. (eg) nice to see you/ good to see youIdiom -It’s a lexical phrase where the meaning of the whole phrase may not be comprehensible even if we know the meaning of each individual

word. (eg) full of bean

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Parts of Parts of speechspeech1. Noun (Noun phrase)2. Pronoun 3. Determiner 4. Adjective5. Verb6. Adverb7. Preposition8. Conjunction

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1.Noun (Noun 1.Noun (Noun phrase)phrase)

Countable v.s. Uncountable (eg) coins v.s. money Plural nouns, singular verbs (eg) news, darts Collective nouns (eg) family, team Compound nouns (eg) cherry tree, walking stick

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2.Pronoun2.PronounPersonal pronouns e.g. I, she, we, they, me, him, her,

themReflexive pronouns e.g. myself, yourself, ourselvesPossessive pronouns e.g. mine, yours, hisRelative pronouns e.g. who, where, which, that

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3. 3. DeterminerDeterminer

Determiner -It’s used in front of nouns to

indicate whether you are referring to something specific or something of a particular type.

(eg) the, a/an, my, this

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Definite article - We use “the” when we think that

the listener knows what particular thing/person we are talking about.

Indefinite article -“a/an” is used to refer a particular

thing/person when the listener doesn’t know.

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4. Adjective4. AdjectiveComparative form v.s. Superlative form

(eg) bigger v.s. biggestAdjective sequence -size-color-origin-material-purpose-noun (eg) the small purple German silk evening gownAdjective and preposition -Many adjective are followed by specific prepositions. (eg) interested in, happy about 12

Adjectives as nouns -We can use some adjectives as if

they ere nouns. (eg) the poor

Adjective or adverb -Some words can be both adjectives

and adverbs, depending on whether they modify nouns or verbs.

(eg) I had a late lunch. v.s. He arrived late. (adjective

)(adverb)

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Parts of speech Parts of speech (p.64)(p.64)

5. Verb (The verb phrase)

6. Adverbs (adverbial phrase)

7. Prepositions (prepositional phrase)

8. Conjunctions14

5. Verb5. Verb—a word(or group of words) which

is used in describing an action, experience or state.

(1) Auxiliary verbs(eg.)should,would,could,might,mus

t

(2) Main verbs(eg.)write,watch,believe,have

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(3) Phrasal Verbs(3) Phrasal Verbs

Type1 ： intransitive(eg)The airplane took off.(eg)The train drove away. Type2 ： transitive and inseparable

(eg)go on a diet(eg)Will you look after the children?(eg)I’m going to see about a new car.

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(3) Phrasal Verbs(3) Phrasal Verbs

Type3 ： transitive and separable

(eg)He gave back the present. He gave the present back.(eg)We’re going to work out the

problem. We’re going to work the problem out.

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(3) Phrasal Verbs(3) Phrasal Verbs

Type4 ：transitive,2+particles,inseparable

(eg)We’ve run out of papers.(eg)He‘s broken up with his girlfriend.(eg)I’m trying to cut down on my chocolate intake.

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6. Adverbs (adverbial 6. Adverbs (adverbial phrase)phrase)

—a word(or group of words) that describes or adds to the meaning of a verb, adjective, another adverb or a whole sentence.

Adverb position—Adverb don’t usually come between a

verb and its object.(eg)(X)I have usually sandwiches for

lunch. (O) I usually have sandwiches for lunch. 19

6. Adverbs (adverbial 6. Adverbs (adverbial phrase)phrase)

Adverbs of degree

Comparative and superlative adverbs

(eg)loud → louder →loudest hard → harder →hardest(eg)quickly → more quickly → most

quickly(eg)well → better → best badly → worse → worst

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Joining wordsJoining words—Prepositions and Conjunctions are

concerned with how words,phrases or sentences are connected.

(1) Prepositions—Prepositions express a time

relationship between two events,or a spatial relationship between two things or people.

(eg)He left before I got there.(eg)I saw him at the cinema.

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Joining wordsJoining words(2) Conjunctions —Conjunctions join two clauses. We only

use one conjunction for two clauses.

(eg)Nicky said good night and walked out of the house with a heavy heart.(eg)I can sing but I can’t play the guitar.(eg)I am a teacher because I like working with people.

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★ ★ ScoreScore Group1:

Group2:

Group3:

Group4:

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Vocabulary teaching Vocabulary teaching skillsskillsVisual learners -see words repetitively (eg) flashcards, word puzzles,

picture drawing

Auditory learners -hear words repetitively (eg) read aloud, tape

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Kinesthetic learners -writing words repetitively (eg) make their own puzzles

Showing lexical relations -synonym, antonym (eg) synonym : cold = chilly antonym : cold hot

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Roots —prefix (eg) co- ： with, together △ collaborate,

collect —suffix (eg)-ity ： a condition △ personality,

nationality Others (eg) songs, video, story, game( word

cross, word search, cross words, vocabulary match, charade, cloze)

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Word cross gameWord cross game

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Word searchWord search

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Web linkWeb link• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zy8Jv

Cr9_Eg (teaching tips)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbcXDvhz-Wk&feature=related (drawing)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrBpCpyBk4U&feature=related (charade)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHuEX_qOZug (This is a what?)

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Thanks for your Thanks for your listening! listening!

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