Ch.16

16th century in Northern Europe

Hieronymus BoschNetherlands1450-1516

Hieronymus Bosch20th century Surrealists will claim him as their patron saint.

Bizarre imagination

Moralistic painting-punishments for sinners

Hieronymus Bosch

Haywain (Triptych). 1485-1490. Oil on panel

Hieronymus Bosch

details

Bosch

Bosch

Creation of the World.

Outer wings of the triptych Garden of the Earthly

Delights.

c.1510. Grisaille on panel.

Garden of Earthly Delights (Triptych). c.1510. Oil on panel.

Pieter Bruegel the ElderNetherlands1525-1569

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

Landscape with the Fall of Icarus,c. 1555.Oil on panel;2’x4’

Bruegel

He was one of the first artists to show people out working in the country side

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

The Triumph of Death. 1562. Oil on panel.

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

The Tower of Babel. 1563. Oil on panel.

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

The Flemish Proverbs. 1559. Oil on panel.

He illustrated PROVERBS

Pieter Bruegel the ElderThe Parable of the Blind. 1568. Oil on panel.

Pieter Bruegel the ElderThe Peasant Wedding. 1568. Oil on panel.

Pieter Bruegel The Hunters In the Snow. 1565. Oil on panel.

Mrs. Shortsleeve’s favorite

Matthias Grunewald

Germany

1470-1528

Matthias GrunewaldIsenheim Altarpiece, 1515, oil on wood

The Isenheim Alterpiece

is a polyptych

Grunewald, The Crucifixion, 1515Panel from the Isenheim altarpiece: oil on wood.

Grunewald,

The Crucifixion, 1515Panel from the Isenheim altarpiece: oil on wood.

detail

detail

The polyptych was commissioned for a chapel in a hospital that specialized in the treatment of skin diseases

Matthias Grunewald

The Temptation of Saint Anthony

1515Panel from the

Isenheim altarpiece: oil on

wood

He depicts intense, often violent emotion. His paintings are grim with vivid realism

Matthias GrunewaldIsenheim Altarpiece, 1515, oil on wood

Hans Holbein the Younger

1497-1543

German (but lived and worked in England)

Holbein

He displayed the

influence of Early Northern painters- use of oils to render meticulous details

Hans Holbein the Younger

Specialized

in Portraiture

Hans Holbein the YoungerGerman Merchant,

1532, Oil on Wood.

During the Reformation, many artists chose secular portraits over Church pieces as a way to make a living.

Hans Holbein The (French) Ambassadors,

1533.

Oil on Wood.

Holbein’s meticulous details are mainly symbolic

The skull, rendered in

anamorphic perspective- a visual puzzle that the viewer must approach the painting nearly from the side to see the form morph into a skull.

Hans Holbein the YoungerHenry VIII (King of England), 1540Oil on Wood.

Albrecht Durer, Leonardo of the North

Germany

1471-1528

Albrecht Durer,Self-Portrait, c. 1498.

Albrecht Durer,Self-Portrait, c. 1500.

•Crisp linear detail of the North•Chiaroscuro from Italy

Albrecht Durer,Self-Portrait, c. 1500.

•He poses frontally in a way that is reminiscent of earlier images of Christ or icons

•His signature is a monogram•He includes an artist statement

Albrecht Durer,Portrait of a Venitian Woman, c1505.

Albrecht Durer,Praying Hands.

Albrecht Durer,

Similarities to Leonardo da Vinci

Albrecht Durer,Four Apostles, 1526.

Similarities to Jan van Eyck

Albrecht Durer

He produced the Apocalypse, the first book designed and published by a single artist

Albrecht DurerFour Horsemen of the Apocolypse, Woodcut, 1498.

He loves line as seen in his woodcuts and engravings

Albrecht DurerMelancholia I,

Copper Engraving, 1514.

Printmaking is a generic term for different techniques:

woodcut

engraving

intaglio (Italian for carve)

In engraving/ intaglio you incise an image into a metal plate with a burin.

Prints are affordable because multiple copies can be made. A set of multiples is

called an edition.