Ch07 SQL Statement

8/13/2019 Ch07 SQL Statement

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Chapter VII

SQL Statement

kgEpkenHeyIgsikSaGMBI SQLvaCYykgkarTMnakTMngrvag Program nigDatabase!

I. Definition:

+ SQL : Ca"asaE#lCYyeGayUser

Ga$e%&IkargarCa'Yy Relational Database ( Select, Insert,Delete, Update, Query, Protect ) ! SQL CaGkSrka(rbs StructureQuery Language

+ A Database is a system or storing comple!, structure inormation on hard dis"( table ,ile system ##########) #

+A DBS is a collection o programs that enables users to create and maintain adatabase#

+ !he "e#ationa# o$e# :$he Relational Database %odel ( Ca Database E#l Data

erobCa$able ) consist o the ollo&ing three components ' Data Structure ' Data are organi*ed in the orm o table or Relation+ Data %anipulation ' Po&erul operations such as SQ anguage or QB-

are used to manipulate data stored in the DB#. Data integrity ' Business Rule are speciied to maintain the integrity o data

&hen they are manipulated#+ In the "e#ationa# o$e# %a&e :

' $able' /olumn, ield' Ro&, record' /onstrain or integrity rule' Primary "ey' /andidate "ey

+ (rouping of SQL Statement :

' DD ( Data Deinition anguage ) ' Ca Statement SQeRbIsMrab/reate $able, 0ie&, Inde!, Drop $able#

Database Design 1# /h21SQ Statement


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' D% ( Data %anipulation anguage ) ' Ca SQ StatementeRbIsMrab Query nig/hang Data in table ' S--/$,UPD3$-, D--$-, I4S-R$#

' D/ ( Data /ontrol anguage ) ' D/ statement relate to the security oData ( 5R34$, /R-3$- US-R, DR6P US-R )#

II. Create $atabase $ennis#accdb

+ Create ) tab#es in !ennis.acc$b* as be##o here :!ab#e ,

/reate $able Players( P37-R46 S86R$ 46$ 4U, 43%- /83R ( 9 ) 46$ 4U, I4I$I3S /83R ( . ) 46$ 4U, BIR$8:D3$- D3$- , S-; /83R ( ) 46$ 4U, ) , $6?4 /83R ( 2 ) 46$ 4U, P864-46 /83R ( 2 ) 46$ 4U, -35U-46 /83R ( = ) , PRI%3R7 @-7 ( P37-R46 ) )

!ab#e -

/reate $able $eams( $-3%46 S86R$ 46$ 4U, P37-R46 S86R$ 46$ 4U, DI0ISI64 /83R ( > ) 46$ 4U, PRI%3R7 @-7 ( $-3%46 ) )

!ab#e

/reate $able %atches( %3$/846 S86R$ 46$ 4U, $-3%46 S86R$ 46$ 4U, P3746 S86R$ 46$ 4U, ?64 S86R$ 46$ 4U, 6S$ S86R$ 46$ 4U, PRI%3R7 @-7 ( %3$/846 ) )

!ab#e /

/reate $able Penalties( P37%-4$46 I4$-5-R 46$ 4U,

Database Design 1#+ /h21SQ Statement


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P37-R46 S86R$ 46$ 4U, P37%-4$:D3$- D3$- 46$ 4U, 3%6U4$ D6UB- 46$ 4U, PRI%3R7 @-7 (P37%-4$46) )

!ab#e )/reate $able /ommittee:%embers

( P37-R46 S86R$ 46$ 4U , B-5I4:D3$- D3$- 46$ 4U , -4D:D3$- D3$- , P6SI$I64 /83R( +2 ) , PRI%3R7 @-7 (P37%-4$46, B-5I4:D3$-))

Qo : I4S-R$ I4$6 P37-RS03U-S ( >, AParmenterA , RA , C>= 2> +9A, %A, C11 , 8aseltineaneA ,E2A , +.=@@A , StartordA , 212 =1>9.1A , E=>1A )

I4S-R$ I4$6 $-3%S 03U-S ( , >, FIRS$A )I4S-R$ I4$6 %3$/8S 03U-S ( , , >, ., )I4S-R$ I4$6 P-43$I-S 03U-S ( , >, CE2 + 2EA, 22 )I4S-R$ I4$6 /6%%I$$--:%-%B-RS03U-S ( >, CC2 A, CC2 + .A, SecretaryA )

Synta0 :

S--/$ G clause H

FR6% G clause H

?8-R- G clause H

5R6UP B7 Gclause H

830I45 G clause H

6RD-R B7 G clause H

1ote :

S--/$ statement nI'Yy'any*ag(i$bMp+(+ clause,-' S--/$ nigFR6%, $ME.k

?8-R-, 5R6UP B7, 6RD-R B7 R,anE(Ca6ptional $he order o the clause i i!ed '

S--/$- FR6% ?8-R- 5R6UP B7 830I45 6RD-R B7

III. Querying !ab#e

Database Design 1#. /h21SQ Statement


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20 ,: 5et the number, the name, and the date o birth o each player resident in

Stratord sort the result in alphabetical order o name ( 4ote that Stratord must be

speciied &ith one capital letter )

Q, :

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-, BIR$8:D3$-

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- $6?4JAStratord A

6RD-R B7 43%-

20 - : 5et the number o every player &ho Koined the club ater CE2 and is resident

in Stratord order the result by player number#

Q- :

S--/$ P37-R46

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R-


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S-$ 3%6U4$ J+22

?8-R- Player4o J ==

$he eect o the change can be seen by issuing a S--/$ statement '

S--/$ L FR6% P-43$I-S

20 ) :Remove each penalty &here the amount is greater than 22 ( ?e assume the

changed contents o the P-43$I-S $able ) '

Q) :

D--$-

FR6% P-43$I-S

?8-R- 3%6U4$ H 92

6ptimi*ing Nuery processing

20 4 :5et all inormation about each penalty, &hen amountJ+9 '

Q4 :

S--/$ L

FR6% P-43$I-S

?8-R- 3%6U4$ J +9

20 5 : Find the age o each Player '

Q5 :

S--/$ P37-R46, 4ame, +22. 7ear ( Birth: Date ) 3S 3ge

FR6% P37-RS

20 6 : /reate the I4D-; or $ableP-43$I-S in ield 3%6U4$

Database Design 1#9 /h21SQ Statement


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Q6 :

/R-3$- I4D-; P-43$I-S:3%6U4$64 P-43$I-S ( 3%6U4$ )

Q7 : + De#eting $atabase ob8ects

Delete the %atches table'

DR6P $3B- %3$/8S

DR6P I4D-; P-43$I-S:3%6U4$

V. System Variab#e: DA!2 9 * !I2 9

S--/$ L

FR6% P-43$I-S

?8-R- P37%-4$:D3$- J D3$- ( )

VI. 1umeric 20pressions

Q,; : Find the matches &here the number o sets &on is at least t&ice as high as the

number o set lost '

S--/$ L

FR6% %3$/8-S

?8-R- ?64 H J 6S$ L +

Q,,: 5ive the player number and the address o each player resident in Stratord '

Database Design 1#> /h21SQ Statement


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S--/$ P37-R46, S$R--$ O A O 86US-46

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- $6?4 J Stratord

Q,- : 5ive the payment number and the year o each penalty paid ater CE. '

S--/$ P37%-4$46, 7-3R ( P37%-4$:D3$- )

FR6% P-43$I-S

?8-R- 7-3R ( P37%-4$:D3$- ) H CE2

S--/$ P37%-4$46, 7-3R ( Payment:Date ) 3s 7-3R

FR6% P-43$I-S

S--/$ P37%-4$46, %64$8 ( Payment:Date ) 3s %64$8

FR6% P-43$I-S

S--/$ P37%-4$46, D37 ( Payment:Date ) 3s D37

FR6% P-43$I-S

Q, : 5et the number and name o each player &hose name has e!actly seven letters,

and order the result by player number '

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-



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FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- -4 ( 43%- ) J1

6RD-R B7 P37-R46

20,/: Find the player number, the se! and the name o every player &ho Koined theclub ater CE.# $he se! must be printed as FemaleA or %aleA#

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%- ,

IF(S-;JAFA, F-%3-A, %3-A) 3S S-; 6F P37-RFR6% P37-RS

?8-R-


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Q,6 :

S--/$ DIS$I4/$ $#P37-R46

FR6% $-3%S 3S $, P-43$I-S 3S P-4

?8-R- $#P37-R46, J P-4#P37-R46

Q,7 :5ive the names and initials o the player &ho have played at least one match#

?arning' a competition player does not have to appear in the %3$/8S table

(perhaps he or she has been inKured or the &hole season) '

S--/$ DIS$I4/$ P#43%-, P#I4I$I3S

FR6% P37-RS 3S P, %3$/8S 3S %

?8-R- P#P37-R46 J %#P37-R46

Q-; : For each match, give the player number, the team number, the name o the

player and the division in &hich the team players '

S--/$ DIS$I/$ %#P37-R46, %#$-3%46, P#43%-

$#DI0ISI64

FR6% %3$/8S 3S %, P37-RS 3S P, $-3%S 3S $

?8-R- %#P37-R46 J P#P37-R46

34D %#$-3%46 J $#$-3%46

1ote:$hereore, the Results o the ollo&ing t&o statements are eNuivalent '

S--/$ P37-RS#P37-R46

FR6% P37-RS, $-3%S

?8-R- P37-RS#P37-R46 J $-3%S#P37-R46

and

S--/$ P37-RS#P37-R46



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FR6% $-3%S, P37-RS

?8-R- P37-RS#P37-R46 J $-3%S#P37-R46

Q-, :5ive the Payment4umber, Player4umber and the date o each penalty incurred

in the year in &hich the player concerned Koined the club '

S--/$ P-4#P37%-4$46, P-4#P37-R46,

P-4#P37%-4$:D3$-

FR6% P-43$I-S 3S P-4, P37-RS 3S P

?8-R- P-4#P37-R46 J P#P37-R46

34D 7-3R(P-4#P37%-4$:D3$-) J P#


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- For each penalty, ind the payment number, the amount and the number and name o

the player &ho incurred it#

O 3ns&ers '

S--/$ P37%-4$46, 3%6U4$, P#P37-R46, 43%-

FR6% P-43$I-S 3S P-4, P37-RS 3S P

?8-R- P-4#P37-R46 J P#P37-R46

For each penalty incurred by a team captain, ind the payment number and the

captionAs name#

S--/$ P37%-4$46, 43%-

FR6% P-43$I-S 3S P-4, P37-RS 3S P, $-3%S 3S $

?8-R- P-4#P37-R46 J $#P37-R4634D $#P37-R46 J P#P37-R46

/ 5ive the numbers and names o the players &ho live in the same to&n as player +1

O 3ns&er '

S--/$ P#P37-R46, P#43%-

FR6% P37-RS 3S P, P37-RS 3S P+1

?8-R- P#$6?4 J P+1#$6?4

34D P+1#P37-R46 J +1

34D P#P37-R46 G H +1

) 5ive the number and name o every competition player, as &ell as the number and

name o the captain o each team or &hom that player has ever competed#

$he result may not contain competition player &ho are them sel captains o a team#

Desired result '

P37-R46 43%-(P37-RS) P37-R46 43%-(/3P$3I4)

== Bac"er > Parmenter

E 4e&castle > Parmenter

E 4e&castle +1 /ollins

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

3ns&er'

S--/$ DIS$I4/$ P#P37-R46, P#43%-, /3P#P37-R46,



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/3P#43%-

FR6% P37-RS 3S P, P37-RS 3S /3P, %3$/8S 3S %,

$-3%S 3S $

?8-R- %#P37-R46 J P#P37-R46

34D $#$-3%46 J %#$-3%46

34D %#P37-R46 G H $#P37-R46

!he @peration in SQL Statement:

' /onditions coupled &ith 34D, 6R and 46$

' $he B-$?--4 operator

' $he I4 operator

' $he I@- operator' $he 4U operator

' $he 347 and 3 operator

' /omparition operations o SQ

/6%P3RI$I6I4 6P-R3$6R %-34I45

J eNual to

G less than

H greater than

GJ less than or eNual to

HJ greater than or eNual to

GH not eNual to

Q- :5ive the number, the date o birth and the player o Koining the club or each

player &ho Koined 1 year ater he or she &as born '

S--/$ P37-R46, BIR$8:D3$-, $6I4-D

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- 7-3R(BIR$8:D3$-) O1 J 2

S--/$ P37-R46

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- -35U-46 J 12>2A

Database Design 1#. /h21SQ Statement


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20ercises:

) For each penalty ind the payment number &here the amount is more than M>2 ( giveat least t&o possible statement#

+) 5et the number o each team &hose captain is someone older than player +1#

.) ?hat is the result o the ollo&ing S--/$ statement

S--/$ P37-R46, -35U-46

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- -35U-46 H -35-46

/ 5et the number o each player &ho has &on a match in at least one team#

) Find the number o each player &ho has played at least one match &ith ive sets#

Con$itions Coup#e$ ith A1D* @"* 1@!

Q-): 5et the number, name, se! and birth date o each male player born ater C12

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-, S-;, BIR$8:D3$-

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- S-; J %A

34D BIR$8:D3$- H .+C12A

Q-4: 5et the numbers, names and places o residence o all players &ho live in

Plymouth or -ltham '

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-, $6?4

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- $6?4 J PlymouthA

6R $6?4 J -lthanA

Q-5:Find the numbers, names, and to&ns o players &ho do not live in Stratord '

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-, $6?4

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- $6?4 GH StratordA

Q-6: 5ive the number, to&n and date o birth o each player &ho lives in Stratord or

Database Design 1#= /h21SQ Statement


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&as born in C>., but do not include those &ho live in Stratord and &ere born inC>. '

S--/$ P37-R46, $6?4, BIR$8:D3$-

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- ($6?4 J StratordA 6R 7-3R(BIR$8:D3$-) J C>.

34D 46$ ($6?4 J StratordA 34D 7-3R(BIR$8:D3$-) J C>.

20ercises:4 5ive the number, the name and to&n o each emale player &ho is not a resident o

Stratord#

5 Find the player numbers o those &ho Koined the club bet&een C12 and CE2#

6 Find the number, name and dates o birth o players born in a leap year# 9 &ho has &on at least one match, give his

or her name and initials and the divisions o the teams in &hich

!he Beteen @perator

Q-7: Find the number and date o birth o each player born bet&een C>+ and C>=

S--/$ P37-R46, BIR$8:D3$-

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- BIR$8:D3$- HJ/date (22C>+A)

34D BIR$8:D3$- GJ /date(.+C>=A)

$his statement can also be &ritten using the B-$?--4 operator ($he result remains

the same)#

S--/$ P37-R46, BIR$8:D3$-

FR6% P37-R

?8-R- BIR$8:D3$- HJ/date(22C>+A)34D /date(.+CA)

Q;:5ive the numbers o the matches &here the sum o the number o sets &on and

lost is eNual to +, . or = '



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S--/$ %3$/846, ?64 O 6S$

FR6% %3$/8S

?8-R- ?64 O 6S$ B-$?--4 + 34D =

20ercises:

2) 5et the payment number o each penalty bet&een 92M and 22M

) 5et the payment number o each penalty that is not bet&een 92M and 22M

+) 5ive the numbers o the players &ho Koined the club ater the age o > and beore

reaching =2 (?e remind you that

Q, :Find the number, name and to&n o each player &ho lives in Ingle&ood,

Plymouth, %idhurst or Douglas '

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-, $6?4

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- $6?4 J Ingle&oodA 6R $6?4 J PlymouthA

6R $6?4 J %odhurstA 6R $6?4 J 5ouglasA

!he I1 operator can be use$ to simp#ify the statement'

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-, $6?4

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- $6?4 I4 ( Ingle&oodA , PlymouthA , %idhurstA, DouglasA

Q-:5et the number and years o birth o the players born in C>+, C>., C12 '

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-, 7-3R(BIR$8:D3$-)

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- 7-3R(BIR$8:D3$-) I4 (C>+, C>., C12)

Q: $he I@- operator'Find the name and the number o each player &hose name begins &ith a capital B '

Database Design 1#> /h21SQ Statement


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S--/$ 43%-, P37-R46

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- 43%- I@- BLA

Q/:5et the name and the number o each player &hose name ends &ith the small

letter r '

S--/$ 43%-, P37-R46

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- 43%- I@- LrA

!he IS 13LL operator:

Q):5et the name, the number and the league number o each player &hose league

number is not eNual to E=>1 '

S--/$ 43%-, P37-R46, -35U-46

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- -35U-46 GH E=>1

6R -35U-46 IS 4U

!he I1 operator ith sub=uery:

Q4: 5et all inormation about each player &hose player number is eNual(==, +, 91, +1, 2=, +, >, E., E)

S--/$ LFR6% P37-RS

?8-R- P37-R46 I4 (==, +, 91, +1, 2=, +)

Q5: 5ive the result o this statement'

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-, I4I$I3S

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- P37-R46 I4 ( S--/$ P37-R46

FR6% %3$/8-S )



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Q6: 5et the Player46, 4ame, and $o&n o each player &ho has played at least one

match or the irst team '

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-, $6?4

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- P37-R46 I4 ( S--/$ P37-R46

FR6% %3$/8-S

?8-R- $-3%46 J )

Q7: 5ive the Player4o, 4ame and $o&n o each player &ho has played at least one

match or a team that is not captained by player > '

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- P37-R46 I4 ( S--/$ P37-R46

FR6% %3$/8-S

?8-R- $-3%46 46$ I4

( S--/$ $-3%46

FR6% $-3%S

?8-R- P37-R46 J > ))

Q/;: Find the number and name o the player &ho captains team '

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- P37-R46 J ( S--/$ P37-R46

FR6% $-3%S

?8-R- $-3%46 J )

Q/,:Find the player number, name, and initials o each player &ho is older than

Database Design 1#E /h21SQ Statement


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R#Parmenter '

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-, I4I$I3S

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- BIR$8:D3$- G ( S--/$ BIR$8:D3$-

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- 43%- J ParmenterA

34D I4I$I3S J RA )

Q/-: Find the player number, date o birth and the name and initials o each player

&hose birth date is bet&een those o B#4e&castle and P#%iller '

S--/$ P37-R46, BIR$8:D3$-, 43%-, I4I$I3S

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- BIR$8:D3$- B-$?--4

( S--/$ BIR$8:D3$- FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- 43%- J 4e&castleA 34D I4I$I3S J BA )

34D ( S--/$ BIR$8:D3$- FR6% P37-RS?8-R- 43%- J %illerA 34D I4I$I3S J PA )

Q/:5et the names and initials o players &ho have incurred at least one penalty '

S--/$ 43%-, I4I$I3S

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- P37-R46 I4 ( S--/$ P37-R46

FR6% P-43$I-S )

Q//:5et the names and initials o the players &ho are not team captains '

S--/$ 43%-, I4I$I3S

Database Design 1#C /h21SQ Statement


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FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- 46$ -;IS$S (S--/$ L

FR6% $-3%S ?8-R- P37-R46 J Players.Player46

Q/): 5ive the player numbers, names and the dates o birth o the oldest players# $he

oldest players are those &hose date o birth is less than or eNual to that o every other

player'

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-, BIR$8:D3$-

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- BIR$8:D3$- G J 3 ( S--/$ BIR$8:D3$-

FR6% P37-RS )

Q/4:For each team ind the team number and the number o the player &ith the

lo&est number o sets &on '

S--/$ DIS$I4/$ $-3%46, P37-R46

FR6% %3$/8-S 3S %

?8-R- ?64 GJ 3 ( S--/$ ?64

FR6% %3$/8-S 3S %+ ?8-R- %#$-3%46 J %+#$-3%46 )

Q/5:5et the player number, name and dates o birth o players e!cept the oldest '

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-, BIR$8:D3$-FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- BIR$8:D3$- H 347 ( S--/$ BIR$8:D3$-

FR6% P37-RS )

Q/6 : Find all the dierent to&n names in the P37-RS table'

S--/$ DIS$I4/$ $6?4

FR6% P37-RS

Database Design 1#+2 /h21SQ Statement


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>I. An Intro$uction to set functions :

/6U4$

%I4

%3;

SU%

305

Q/7:8o& many player in the P37-RS table are registered

S--/$ /6U4$(L)

FR6% P37-RS

Q);:8o& many players live in StratordT

S--/$ /6U4$ (L) 3S /6U4$

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- $6?4 J StratordA

Q),:%3; and %I4 unctionsT

?hat is the highest and lo&est penalty'

S--/$ %I4(3%6U4$) 3S %I4, %3;(3%6U4$) 3S %3;

FR6% P-43$I-S

Q)-:?hat is the lo&est penalty incurred by a player resident in StratordT

S--/$ %I4 (3%6U4$)

FR6% P-43$I-S

?8-R- P37-R46 I4 ( S--/$ P37-R46

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- $6?4 J StratordA



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!he S3


23/26


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S--/$ P37-R46, P37%-4$46,43%- 3scending 3S/

FR6% P37-RS Descending D-S/

6RD-R B7 43%- D-S/

Q4: 5ive all penalties sorted by year, and &ithin each year by payment number

S--/$ P37%-4$:D3$-, P37%-4$46

FR6% P-43$I-S

6RD-R B7 7-3R ( P37%-4$:D3$- ), P37%-4$46

Combining ith 31I@1

Q4/: 5ive the player number and place o residence o each player rom Ingle&ood

and Plymouth '

S--/$ P37-R46, $6?4

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- $6?4 J Ingle&oodA

U4I64

S--/$ P37-R46, $6?4

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- $6?4 J PlymouthA

rebobTI -

S--/$ P37-R46, $6?4

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- $6?4 J Ingle&oodA 6R $o&n J PlymouthA

!he Sub=uery

Q4):5et the number and division o each team in &hich player == has played

Database Design 1#+= /h21SQ Statement


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S--/$ $-3%46, DI0ISI64

FR6% $-3%S

?8-R- -;IS$S ( S--/$ L

FR6% %3$/8-S

?8-R- Player46 J ==

34D $-3%46 J $-3%S#$-3%46

Q44:5et the player number o each player &ho has incurred more than one penalty'

S--/$ DIS$I4/$ P37-R46

FR6% P-43$I-S 3S P

?8-R- P37-R46 I4

( S--/$ P37-R46 FR6% P-43$I-S 3S P+ ?8-R- P+#Payment46GHP#Payment46

Q45: 5ive the number and the name o each player &ho has not played matches or

team

S--/$ P37-R46, 43%-

FR6% P37-RS

?8-R- GH 3 ( S--/$ $-3%46

FR6% %3$/8-S

?8-R- Player46 J players#player46 )

Q46:5ive the player number o each player &ho has played or the same teams as

player 91

S--/$ P37-R46

FR6% %3$/8-S

?8-R- $-3%46 I4

( S--/$ $-3%46

FR6% $-3%S

?8-R- $-3%46 I4

( S--/$ $-3%46

FR6% %3$/8-S

?8-R- P37-R46 J 91 ) )

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Ch07 SQL Statement