CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology

Lecture  11      

Chapter  3  Plas1cs  

Balasubramanian  S    Assistant  Professor  (OG)  Department  of  Chemical  Engineering      

1  Balasubramanian  S  

Chapter  3  Plas1cs  

       Resins    

       Produc1on  of  Phenolic  and  Epoxy  resins    

       Polymers  and  their  Engineering  Proper1es    

1

2

Overview of topics

2  

3

Balasubramanian  S  

3  Balasubramanian  S  

Resin   is   also   hydrocarbon   secre1on   of   many   plants,   par1cularly  coniferous   trees.   It   is   valued   for   its   chemical   proper1es   and   associated  uses,   such   as   the   produc1on   of   varnishes,   adhesives,   and   food   glazing  agents;  as  an  important  source  of  raw  materials  for  organic  synthesis.  

Resins  

On  the  basis  of  deriva1on,  plas1cs  can  also  be  grouped  as    

1.  Natural  resins  

2.  Synthe1c  resins    

3.  Cellulose  deriva1ves  

4.  Protein  products      

Resins

4  Balasubramanian  S  

Thermose,ng  Resins  Thermoplas1c  Resins    

Cellulose  deriva1ve     Polymer  resin    

Phenolic  resins   Cellulose  nitrate   Vinyl    

Amino  resins   Cellulose  acetate   Polyamides  

Alkyd  resins     Ethyl  cellulose   Polyethylene  

Epoxy  resins   Cellulose  propionates   Polypropylene  

Polyester   Cellulose-­‐acetate  butyrates   Fluorocarbons    

Polyamides   Ethyl  cellulose   Polysulfonates  

Types of resins and plastics with some common trade name

5  Balasubramanian  S  

Phenolic Resin

6  Balasubramanian  S  

Phenolic Resin

Steam    Water    

Phenol  

Formaldehyde    

Sulfuric  acid  

Phenol-­‐Cresol  

Process  

Ac1vators  Dyes    

Phenolic  Resins    

7  Balasubramanian  S  

Phenolic Resins Production

8  Balasubramanian  S  

Phenolic  resins      1.  Packing  films  and  sheets  2.  Containers  3. Wire  cable  insula1on  4.  Pipes  5.  Coa1ngs,  molds,  and  toys  etc.,  

Uses of phenolic resins

9  Balasubramanian  S  

Kettle or Auto Clave Reactor

10  Balasubramanian  S  

Ribbon Blender

11  Balasubramanian  S  

Hammer Mill

12  Balasubramanian  S  

Amino Resins – Urea Formaldehyde

13  Balasubramanian  S  

Ball Mill

14  Balasubramanian  S  

Epoxy resins Bisphenol  A  +  Epichlorohydrin        Epoxide  groups  or  polymer    

15  Balasubramanian  S  

Resin Properties and its Applications

Resin  Types     Proper1es     Applica1ons    

Epoxies    

Excellent  chemical  Resistance,  good  electrical  and  thermal  proper1es  adhesion  proper1es,  strong  and  tough  with  low  shrinkage  

Laminates,  Adhesives,  Floorings  and  linings    

Phenolics  

Good  strength,  heat  stability,  and  impact  resistance,  high  resistance  to  moisture  penetra1on  and  chemical  corrosion  

Electrical  components,  structural  boards,  Laminates,  glues,  and  adhesives  

Polystyrene    Low  cost,  east  of  processing,  excellent  resistance  to  acids,  and  bases,  so]ened  by  hydrocarbons,  and  transparency    

Insula1on,  pipe,  foams,  thin  walled  containers,  appliances  and  rubbers.  

Polyamides    Tough,  strong  and  easily  moldable;  light;  abrasion  resistance;  good  chemical  resistance;  low  coefficient  of  fric1on.  

Unlubricated  bearings;  1res;  watch  straps;  packaging  and  boales.  

16  Balasubramanian  S  

Polymers in engineering applications Binder:  This  is  usually  a  resin  or  cellulose  deriva1ve    

Fillers:  Cellulose,  Coaon  fibers,  Glass  fibers  or  fabrics  may  be  added  to  increase  

strength    

Plas1cizers:  Plas1cizers  are  organic  chemicals  added  to  synthe1c  plas1cs  in  

order  to    

(I)  Improve  the  workability  during  fabrica1on  

(II)    Reduces  the  viscosity  of  the  resin  and  also  impart  flexibility  to  finished  

product  

Lubricants:  Lubricants  such  as  stearates  and  other  metallic  soaps  are  used  

par1cularly  in  cold-­‐molding  compounds  to  facilitate  the  molding  opera1on      

17  Balasubramanian  S  

Polymers in engineering applications Engineering   plas1cs   are   high-­‐strength;   high   performance  materials   that  can  be  subs1tuted  for  many  metal  uses.        There  are  wide  variety  of  engineering  plas1cs  available.  Each  one  has  its  own  special  proper1es,  and  thus  care  must  be  taken  in  choosing  a  resin  of  par1cular  use.      These   materials   are   o]en   the   usual   plas1cs   but   have   been   carefully  manufactured   to  posses  extra  quality  proper1es.  These  materials   shows  beaer  resistance  towards  wear  impact  and  corrosive  chemicals  and  have  excellent  electrical  proper1es.    Some   of   the   uses   of   engineering   plas1cs   are   automobile   bumpers   and  dash   boards,   pumps,   valves   and   gears,   drive   sha]s   and   transmission   in  heavy  duty  equipment.    

18  Balasubramanian  S  

1.   Dryden  C.  E,  Outlines  of  Chemical  technology  –  for  the  21st  Century,  3rd  edi1on,  East-­‐West  Press  (2004)  

2.   Aus1n  G.  T,  Shreve’s  Chemical  Process  Industries,  5th  edi1on,  Mc  Graw  Hill  Interna1onal  edi1ons  (1984)  

 

References

19  Balasubramanian  S  

Thank  you