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Ch. 9-4: New Ch. 9-4: New TechnologyTechnology
Windmills helped pump water
Barbed wire fences est. land boundaries
Steel plow helped break up the sod
Railroads brought goods West
WindmillsWindmills
RailroadsRailroads
Changing FrontierChanging Frontier
Great Plains- Native Americans forced into the plains in the early 1800’s now being forced out with U.S. Expansion
Mining Frontier- Gold found in Colorado & California
Cattle FrontierCattle Frontier
Cowboys drove cattle from Texas to Abilene, Kansas
Ranchers and Farmers constantly fought over land
Rise of the Wicky Wild Wild West
Cattle DrivesCattle Drives
CowboysCowboys
John Wayne- The True John Wayne- The True American CowboyAmerican Cowboy
Frontier LifeFrontier Life
Women played a key role in the settlement of the west.
1890 U.S. officially declared the frontier no longer exist
Frontier was a safety valve, and democratized America
Native American WarsNative American Wars
Natives relied on Buffalo for their main source of food
Treaties continued to be signed and broken by the U.S. Govt.
Late 1800’s Govt. & Indians finally clashed
Little Bighorn RiverLittle Bighorn River
Crazy Horse led Sioux warriors against Col. Custer in 1876
Custer and 210 soldiers killed
Wounded Knee Creek- U.S. govt. killed over 300 Sioux in 1890
Chief Joseph- led the Nez Perce Indians and begged for his people to be left alone
Reservation- area of fixed boundaries for Native Americans alone
Reasons for FailuresReasons for Failures
Natives fought as groups not as one force
Tribes were small U.S. Army was larger and had more advanced weapons
Dawes Act 1887Dawes Act 1887
Govt. gave 160 acres of land to the head of households
Indians are traditionally hunters not farmers
Most sold or rented the land to whites
Goal was to Americanize the Indians
Civil Rights for NativesCivil Rights for Natives
Dawes Act did very littleBureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)- was very corrupt
Most Natives lived in poverty on the reservations
American Indian Movement- tried to achieve some compensation for the Natives in the 1970’s
Courts are rewarding tribes lost land and Casino rights today