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Ch 7 Immigrants and Urbanization
Identify and explain the significance
Ch 7 Section 1 Terms & names
Ellis Island Angel island Melting pot Nativism
Section 2 Urbanization Americanization movement Tenement Mass transit Social gospel Settlement house Jane Addams
Section 3 Political Machine Graft Boss Tweed Patronage Civil Service Pendleton Civil Service Act
DIRECTIONSFor each term Explain what it is AND why its important
to this time period.
Section 1 The New immigrants
Push factors– Famine, land shortages or religious and
political persecution Pull Factors
– A better life, rel. freedom, pol. freedom– “birds of passage” immigrate, temporarily
and return with money
Europeans
New Immigrants came from– Southern and Eastern Europe
Italy, Austria-Hungary
and Russia– Left for religious persecution– Pogroms – organized
attacks
Chinese and Japanese
Chinese came in smaller numbers– Gold rush– Work on the trains
Japanese workers– Recruited by Hawaiian planters
(annexed in 1898)– High wages drove more people here
Life in the New land
A difficult Journey 1 week from Europe 3 weeks from Asia Crowded together not allowed on deck, no
exercise or fresh air Disease spread quickly Ellis Island in New York Harbor
– Detained for inspection 5 hours to a few days– Checked for medical and legal reasons
Cont.
Angel Island -San Francisco –West Coast Settled in communities together
(homogeneous) Formed organizations to help themselves
Chinese Exclusion Act
In 1882-Banned entry to all Chinese Except students, teachers, merchants tourist and government officials
Not repealed until 1943
Melting PotThe true picture
Americanization?
Gentlemen's Agreement
After California passed segregation law in the school against Japanese
Japan Agreed to restrict unskilled labor in exchange for the repeal of the segregation
The Rise of Nativism
Nativism, overt favoritism toward native-born Americans
KKK rises in numbers in response to immigration
Section 2 the Challenges of Urbanization
• Urban Opportunities– Urbanization –rapid growth of cities– Immigrants settle in the cities– Americanization movement – designed to
assimilate people into the dominant culture– Ethnic communities supplied support– Migration from country to city
• Fewer farm laborers needed• African Americans move to cities
Urban Problems
• Housing– Housing outside cities had transportation
problems– Tenements, multifamily urban dwellings– Transportation – mass transit- street cars,
electric subways– Water- safe drinking water was a problem
• Diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever• Filtration and then chlorination in 1908
Cont.
• Crime- first full timed salaried police force in 1844
• Fire- limited water supply caused problems
Section 2 mapping
Section 3 Politics in the Gilded Age
• The Emergence of Political Machines– Organized group that controlled the activities
of a political party by controlling votes, courts and police
– The Role of the Political Boss• Access to municipal jobs and business licenses• Some used this to help• Provided solutions• Helped with immigration, naturalization, jobs and
housing
Municipal Graft and Scandal
• Election Fraud
• Take advantage of position for personal gain – Graft
• Kickback system
• Took bribes to allow illegal activities, such as gambling.
the Kickback
Civil Service Replaces Patronage
• Giving government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected
• Spoils System• Reformers began to push for the
elimination of the spoils System and adoption of the merit system
• Civil Service jobs –government administration – should go to the most qualified
Hayes, Garfield and Arthur
• Republican president Rutherford B. Hayes was elected in 1876 tried to get congress to reform –
2000 presidential election
Hayes, Garfield and Arthur
• Republican split• In 1880 The
republicans run James A. Garfield a reformer and Chester A. Arthur a Stalwart
Stalwarts Reformers (halfbreeds)
Did not want change
Supported reforms to end spoils system
Chester A. Arthur VP
James A. Garfield P
Assassination of Garfield
• Garfield was assassinated by Charles Guiteau on July 2, 1881 only a few months after taking office
• Arthur now president had to adjust- becoming a reformer– Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883
Business Buys Influence
• With the end of the spoil system politicians turned to wealthy business owners for campaign contributions
• Grover Cleveland first democrat elected in 28 years– Tried to lower tariffs – no congress support
• Ran for reelection in 1888 but lost to Benjamin Harrison
Tariff Reform
• Free Traders– No tariff or low tariff– Supported by farmers– People who thought the treasure had too
much money
• Protectionist– High tariff– Supported by business owners– Wanted protection for American business
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