Warm Up The migration of Muslims to Pakistan and Hindus to
India after the Indian partition in 1948 is a good example of what?
A. An environmental push factor B. An economic pull factor C. An
environmental pull factor D. A political push factor E. An economic
push factor
Slide 3
Deep Thought What nationality are you? What ethnicity are you?
What race are you? Whats the difference?
Slide 4
Why study ethnicity? Ethnicity is a source of pride for people
Links to ancestry and culture Ethnic groups effect our lives:
different groups have different incomes, life expectancy, and IMR
Some places have a history of ethnic discrimination
Slide 5
Definitions Ethnicity- identity with a group of people who
share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth
Race- identity with a group of people who share a biological
ancestor Geographers study where ethnicities are distributed and
why, as well as how they are connected to local diversity Languages
and religions may have gone global, but ethnicity is still
local/regional
Slide 6
US Ethnic Groups Hispanic-14% African American- 12% Asian
American-4% Native American- 1%
Slide 7
US Ethnic Groups Hispanic-Southwest States African American-
Southeast States and Cities Asian American- West coast States
Native American- Southwest States and Plains States
Slide 8
US Ethnic Groups-Additional Info Hispanic- Additional terms:
Latino(a), Chicano(a). Many identify with a nationality, such as
Mexican or Puerto Rican. In US, Mexico-64%, Puerto Rico- 10%,
Cuba-4% African American- Additional terms: black. Highly clustered
in cities. Forced migration Asian American- Subdivided into
nationality- Chinese-23%, Indian-19%, Filipino-18%, Korean &
Vietnamese- 10% each, Japanese-7%
Slide 9
US Ethnic Groups Additional Info Native Americans-Also called
American Indians, Alaskan Natives, mainly in West and Plains due to
Reservations
Slide 10
Definitions Ethnic Neighborhoods- area with a clustering of
ethnicities Gentrification-rebuilding a neighborhood when
middle-class people move in. Often displaces poorer residents White
flight- the emigration of whites from an area in anticipation of
blacks immigration into the area Blockbusting-Real estate agents
convince whites to sell their homes cheap and then sell them at
high prices to black families.
Slide 11
African American Migration Patterns Part 1: Immigration from
Africa to the American colonies in the 18 th century Forced
migration-slavery beginning in 1619 1808-US bans importation of
slaves Europe=Serfs Shortage of labor in Americas led to slavery
Coastal African kingdoms often enslaved interior people After
slavery, sharecropping
Slide 12
Slave Ships
Slide 13
Slide 14
Triangular Trade
Slide 15
Slave Distribution
Slide 16
African American Migration Patterns Part 2: Immigration from
the US south to northern cities during the first half of the 20 th
century Push factor: Sharecropping declined due to new farm
machinery Pull factor: Northern factory jobs Traveled by bus or car
along clear geographic routes 2 main waves: Before and after WWI
and before and after WWII.
Slide 17
African American 20 th century migration within the US
Slide 18
African American Migration Patterns Part 3:Immigration from
inner city ghettos to other urban neighborhoods during 2 nd half of
20 th century and 1 st part of 21 st century Founder
effectclustered in small areas when arrived in cities ghetto-term
for area of the city where Jews were forced to live in the Middle
Ages High population density, housing shortages As income levels
rose, migrated out of ghettos
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHDwRECFL8M
Slide 19
Warm Up This approach in geography has been discredited for
being racist and discriminatory to certain groups of people. A.
possibilist approach B. environmental determinist approach C.
cultural ecology approach D. central place theory E. Webers
least-cost approach
Slide 20
Differentiating Race and Ethnicity Race 1.Traits that can be
passed genetically ie: Lactose Intolerance 2.Hair color, hair type
and facial features were once thought to be part of race, but not
isolated enough, too highly variable 3.Skin color is a component of
race that geographer study because many societies organize people
around this trait 4.Race can be twisted to racism Ethnicity
1.Characteristics derive from the distinctive features of
particular places on earth. 2.Share cultural traits such as
language, religion, customs or shared group history 3.Often leads
to nationalism
Slide 21
Further Confusion Asian American is a race and an ethnicity
African American is an ethnicity, black is a race Hispanic is not a
race, can choose white, black or other
Slide 22
Race in the US Census 2000 Census had 14 race categories: White
Black or African American American Indian or Alaskan Native Chinese
Filipino Japanese Korean Vietnamese Other Asian Native Hawaiian
Guamanian or Chamorro Samoan Other Pacific Islander Other race
Slide 23
Apartheid in South Africa Whites first arrived from Holland in
Cape Town, South Africa in 1652. (Boers, Afrikaners) British seize
Cape Town in 1795 Boers move into interior South Africa Gold and
diamonds are discovered, the British want these too British vs.
Boer Wars until 1902, South Africa becomes part of British
Empire
Slide 24
Apartheid in South Africa 1948 Afrikaners win elections, ending
British control Afrikaners create Apartheid laws Apartheid was the
physical separation of different races into different geographic
areas. 4 Races: black, white, colored or Asian Government
designated 10 homelands (bantustans) and expected blacks to
relocate there.
Slide 25
South Africa during Apartheid
Slide 26
Why have ethnicities been turned into nationalities?
Nationality is identity with a group of people who share legal
attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country.
Ethnicity is identity with a group of people who share the cultural
traditions of a particular homeland or hearth. Both have shared
cultural values Ethnicity values=religion, language, material
culture Nationality values=voting, passport, civil duties
Slide 27
Ethnicity and Nationalism in North America US is a nation
founded on diversity of ethnicities and race, connected by common
civic ideals, such as the unalienable rights and Bill of Rights
Canada/QuebecShould Quebec be considered a separate ethnicity? A
separate nationality? Does this give them grounds to separate?
Slide 28
Definitions Self determination-the concept that ethnicities
have the right to govern themselves Nation-state-a state whose
territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity
Nationalism-loyalty and devotion to a nationality Centripetal
force-an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support
for a state (opposite of centrifugal)
Slide 29
Warm Up Which of the following cities is a holy place to three
of the worlds main religions? A. Mecca B. Medina C. Jerusalem D.
Delhi E. Beijing Page 338 to study Russia Map
Slide 30
Warm Up In the Demographic Transition Model, which stage would
traditionally involve an agricultural society? A. Stage 1 B. Stage
2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4 E. Stage 5
Slide 31
Russia Map Quiz Review
Slide 32
Deep Thought What is your nationality? What is nationality? Can
you have more than one nationality? Is nationality a positive or
negative thing?
Slide 33
European Nation-States Prior to 18 th century, most of Europe
was ruled by kingdoms/fiefdoms, known as feudalism By 1900, most of
western Europe had united kingdoms of similar language, culture and
religion into Nation-States After WWI, one of the last major
kingdom/empires in Europe broke up (Austro- Hungarian and Ottoman).
Nation-states like Germany were formed
Slide 34
Nation-States arent perfect Impossible to completely line up
nation borders with ethnic group borders, especially in globalized
world Not even sure we want to have national borders completely
conform to ethnic borders Can lead to ethnic cleansing
Slide 35
Examples of Nationalism Mass media vs. Independent media Flags
Songs Pledges Holidays Sometimes achieved through disparaging other
ethnicities
Slide 36
Slide 37
US National Anthem Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early
light, What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly streaming? And the
rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof thro' the
night that our flag was still there. O say, does that star-spangled
banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the
brave?
Slide 38
World War I causes Italy, Germany, and Eastern Europe were some
of the last parts of Europe to create nation-states Eastern Europe
dominated by German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Ottoman
Empire A-H owned northern part of Balkan peninsula, Ottoman
controlled Southern. A-H wants to take Bosnia and Herzegovina, A-H
heir to the throne assassinated in B & H by Serbian seeking
independence for B & H After WWI, Yugoslavia created out of
former Ottoman and A-H territories
Slide 39
Warm Up Which of the following religions is an ethnic religion?
A. Judaism B. Christianity C. Islam D. Buddhism E. Sikhism
Remember, Ch. 7 Reading Quiz and Notes due Tomorrow!
Slide 40
Deep Thought Should national borders reflect ethnic borders?
What are the pros and cons?
Slide 41
Multinational States-Good Belgium Flemish and Walloons
Flemish=Dutch, Catholic Walloons=French, Protestant United Kingdom
England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland Different historical
experiences Distinct national identity through sports
Slide 42
Multinational States-Not Good Soviet Union Once largest
multinational state (now Russia) Many nationalities were socialist
republics USSR suppressed ethnicity through communism Yugoslavia
Created after WWI to unite several Baltic ethnicities that spoke a
similar language Successful peaceful country until late 1990 Ethnic
groups still face conflict and ethnic cleansing after break up
Slide 43
Europes Ethnic Revival Communism in Eastern Europe and economic
cooperation in Western Europe made it seem like ethnicity was
disappearing Break up of Soviet Union and Yugoslavia led to the
creation of new nations based on ethnic identities
Slide 44
Why do ethnicities clash? 1. Ethnic competition to dominate the
nation 2. Divisions of ethnicities between more than one state
Slide 45
Ethnic Competition to Dominate Nationality Ethiopia and
Eritrea: Ethnic Groups: Ethiopia and Eritrea Background: Ethiopia
independent until colonized by Italy (1930); Eritrea=Italian colony
Issue: Post WWII Eritrea awarded to Ethiopia. Ethiopia represses
Eritrea, Eritrea rebels Ongoing: Both still multiethnic, Ethiopia
now landlocked. Sudan Ethnic Groups: Black Christians and Arab
Muslims Background: Oppositional groups combined during British
colonization Issue: North Arab dominated government wanted a single
ethnicity nationality, attempted ethnic cleansing Ongoing: Civil
War led to creation of 2 countries
Slide 46
Ethnic Competition to Dominate Nationality Somalia: Ethnic
Groups: Somalia has 6 major clans, but most are Sunni Muslim and
speak Somali Background: North Somalia was colonized by British,
south by Italy Issue: North Somali tribes declared independence,
Somaliland Ongoing: No other countries recognize Somaliland, failed
state due to collapse of government and tribe conflict Ongoing
theme in Africa: Conflict due to borders from colonization and many
ethnicities
Slide 47
Horn of Africa Split between Black Muslims and Arab Christians
Split because of post colonization disagreements Wants to split
into 3 based on different tribes and different colonial
histories
Slide 48
Somalia
Slide 49
Dividing Ethnicities into more than one state India, Pakistan
and Bangladesh: 1947 British colonial rule ends. Divides the colony
into 2 countries based on ethnicity and religion Pakistan divided
into 2 non contiguous states Ongoing conflict over Northern
territory of Kashmir Sri Lanka: Sinhalese and Tamils Sinhalese-
Buddhist, Indo- Iranian language branch Tamils- Hindu. Dravidian
language Tamils rebel violently against Sinhalese dominated
government.
Slide 50
South Asia before and after British rule ended Muslims Hindus
Disputed
Slide 51
South Asia Today
Slide 52
Europe before WWI
Slide 53
Yugoslavia by the Numbers 7 neighbors (half democracy, half
communist) 6 republics with autonomy under the national government
5 recognized nationalities 4 official languages 3 major religions 2
alphabets 1 unit of currency
Slide 54
Yugoslavias Breakup Relative peace from 1953 to 1980, led by
Josip Broz Tito Tito dies in 1980, leads to the break up of
Yugoslavia to form independent countries. Bosnia & Herzegovina,
Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia, and Montenegro Ethnicities fought to
define the boundaries
Slide 55
Division of Yugoslavia
Slide 56
Ethnic Cleansing Bosnia & Herzegovina: Bosnians, Serbs and
Croats. Serbs and Croats attempted to ethnically cleanse Bosnians
so to unite their portions of the country with Serbia or Croatia
Kosovo: Province of Serbia where ethnic Albanians make up 90%.
Serbs tried to ethnically cleanse Kosovo of Albanians. Balkanized-a
small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into
one or more stable states because of multiple ethnicities with
complex histories.
Slide 57
Hutus and Tutsis Hutus Settled farmers 85% Made into serfs
Tutsis Cattle herders that migrated from Kenya 15% Conquered Hutus,
given more power under that German colonizers Tutsis attempt to
ethnically cleanse Burundi and Rwanda of Hutus
Slide 58
Central Africa
Slide 59
Thursday, January 30th Today: Ch. 7 Reading Notes due Ch. 7
Reading Quiz Review for FRQ and Test Tomorrow: FRQ Monday: Ch. 7
Test
Slide 60
Walls North Korea and South Korea Demilitarized Zone/DMZ 38 th
Parallel Positives and Negatives?
Slide 61
DMZ
Slide 62
Walls Israel and Palestine West Bank Wall Checkpoints for
Palestinians Positives and negatives?
Slide 63
Walls US/Mexico Border Not a complete wall Separate portions in
California, Arizona, and Texas Positives and negatives?
Slide 64
Walls East Germany and West Germany Berlin Wall Separated
Communist East from Democratic West Separated families Kept East
isolated and poor