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Ch. 7: A More Perfect Union
Bell Work…Read the following introduction:
With the signing of the Declaration of Independence, the Continental Congress recognized the need to establish guidelines for a new government. Congress’s overriding concern was to insure that the government was not a strong centralized body similar to British Parliament. With that in mind, the Articles of Confederation were drafted and adopted, providing the structure for governing the new nation. Unfortunately, the limitations of the Articles of Confederation became readily apparent soon after their implementation.
Bell Work…
Cut and glue the following timeline into your notebook:
1777
The Continental
Congress approves
the Articles of
Confederation on
November 15
1781
On March 1, the
Articles of
Confederation go
into effect after
being ratified by
all 13 states
1785
The United States
begins using the
dollar currency
1786
Shays’s Rebellion
breaks out in
Massachusetts
1787
On May 14, state
delegates begin to
arrive at the
Constitutional
Convention in
Philadelphia
1791
The Bill of Rights
is ratified by the
states in December
A Quick Review… In the 1770s, the American colonies were attempting to break away
from British rule. As a result, it was necessary for the new states to join together for their mutual survival and protection.
A series of actions taken by Great Britain in the colonies lead to colonists’ resentment, including the Proclamation Line, the Sugar Act, the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts, the Tea Act, and the Intolerable Acts.
Events in the colonies further aggravated tensions between Great Britain and the colonists, including the Non-Importation Agreement, the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Part, the Battles of Concord and Lexington, and the Battle of Bunker Hill.
King George III declared the American colonies in rebellion.
The Second Continental Congress adopts the Decl. of Independence.
Congress appoints a committee to draft the Articles of Confederation to create a new gov’t for the united colonies.
The Second Continental Congress approved the AC and sent them to the states for ratification.
The Articles of Confederation were ratified.
Bicameral- having two separate lawmaking chambers
Republic- gov’t in which citizens rule through elected representatives
Confederation- group of states united under a weak central government
Constitution- set of basic principles that determines the powers and duties of a government
Your Task…As a class, read the preamble and first three articles of the Articles of Confederation.
The Articles of Confederation granted certain powers to the national government while giving others to the state governments.
#1s: Read all thirteen articles to determine the powers the document granted to the national government.
#2s: Read all thirteen articles to determine the powers that were given to the state governments.
Your Assignment…
In partners, compare and contrast the powers granted to the states under the Articles of Confederation to the powers granted to the national government.
Write your answers in the correct portion of the chart provided.
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
State Government Powers National Government Powers
Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
Bell Work…Answer the following questions into your notebook:
Under the Articles of Confederation, how did the national government fund its programs?
What did the monetary system look like?
How were national laws enforced?
How were amendments to the Articles enacted?
What was necessary to pass new laws?
What was the role of the executive branch?
Land Ordinance of 1785- divided the Western territories into townships and sections
One township equals 36
square miles
One section equals 1
square mile.
Half section equals 320
acres
Quarter section equals
160 acres.
Northwest Ordinance (1787)
1. Created a Northwest Territory out of lands north of Ohio River and east of Mississippi River
2. Divided lands into 3-5 smaller territories
3. Once a territory reached 60,000 citizens, it could apply for statehood
4. Bill of Rights which guaranteed freedom of religion and trial by jury
5. Slavery was not permitted in new territories
Relations with Other Countries1. The Articles made it difficult to enforce international
treaties and protect citizens against foreign threats
2. Britain closed many of its ports to American ships
3. Tariff- tax on imports or exports
4. Spanish officials closed lower Mississippi River to US shipping
5. Unequal trade caused serious economic problems for US
Your Task…
Interactive Whiteboard Activity:
Video: America Unites
Game: The Articles of Confederation
Map: The Northwest Territory
Image: The Northwest Territory and Ordinance
Image: American Money
Your Assignment…
With your assigned partner, complete the Articles of Confederation worksheet.
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following question into your notebook:
List 5 weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES OF
CONFEDERATION
Most power held by states
One branch of government
Legislative branch has few powers
No executive branch
No judicial system
No system of checks and balances
Interstate Commerce-trade between two or more states
Inflation- increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money
Depression- steep drop in economic activity combined with rising unemployment
Shays’s Rebellion- uprising of Massachusetts's farmers, led by Daniel Shays, to protest high taxes, heavy debt, and farm foreclosures
Manumission-freeing of individual enslaved persons
Proportional- having the proper size in relation to other objects or items
Compromise- settlement of a dispute by each party giving up some demands
Ratify- to approve
Antifederalists- people who opposed ratification of the Constitution
Federalists- people who supported ratification of the Constitution
Bill of Rights- the first 10 amendments to the Constitution
Your Task…
Complete the following chart as you read Lesson 7.2: Forging a New Constitution, pg. 184-191.
LESSON 7.2: FORGING A NEW CONSTITUTION
The Need for Change The Constitutional Convention Agreeing to CompromiseWhat problems did the gov’t face
under the Articles of Confederation?
How did leaders reshape the gov’t? What compromises were reached in
the new Constitution?
The Great Compromise
Shays’s Rebellion The Convention Begins The 3/5ths Compromise
The Convention Organizes The Question of the Slave Trade
Slavery in the New Republic The Virginia Plan Debating a Bill of Rights
The New Jersey Plan Approving the Constitution
Why did farmers in Massachusetts
rebel in 1787?
Why did NJ’s delegates object to the
VA Plan?
What compromises were reached
concerning enslaved people?
VIRGINIA
PLAN
THE GREAT
COMPROMISE
NEW JERSEY
PLAN
Gave more power to
national government
Bicameral legislature
Number in both
houses based on
population
Bicameral legislature
Number of
representatives based
on state populations
in lower house
Number of
representatives equal
from each state in
upper house
Gave more power to
state governments
Unicameral
legislature
Number of
representatives
equal from each
state
Your Task…
Interactive Whiteboard Activity:
Video: Forging a New Constitution
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following question into your notebook:
What was Shays’s Rebellion? What were they protesting?
Your Task…
Complete the What Do You Think activity: Should the Constitution Be Ratified?, pg. 192-193. Answer the DBQ questions on pg. 193 using complete sentences and referencing the primary sources when applicable.
Interactive Whiteboard Activity:
Chart: Comparing and Contrasting the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution
Before We Begin…Take off one shoe or put something of value on the table in the middle of the room.
After everyone has placed an item on the table, all students will go back to the table, one by one, beginning with the youngest, and pick up an item that does NOT belong to them.
Using the tokens that I give you, use the art of compromise to get your item back.
Your Assignment…
Complete the EdPuzzle video: Constitutional Compromises.
Bell Work…
Using the paper provided, complete the following activity:
Write a paragraph about the Constitution from a Federalist or Anti-Federalist perspective.
Federalism- sharing power between the federal and state gov’ts
Legislative Branch- lawmaking branch of gov’t (Congress)
Executive Branch- carries out the law; headed by the president
Electoral College- special group of electors chosen to vote for president and vice president
Judicial Branch- settles disputes and questions of the law; includes the courts
Checks and Balances- each branch of gov’t limits power of other branches
Amendment- a change, correction, or improvement added to a document
Your Task…
Interactive Whiteboard Activity:
Video: Arguments Over Ratification
Game: A New Plan of Government Column Game
Game: A New Plan of Government Identification Game
Your Assignment…
Complete the DBQ 5: Challenges of a New Nation.
