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8/14/2019 Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111 Section
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Ch. 5, Sec 2: Interactions in Communities p109-111
Section 2: Interactions In Communities
How do predator-prey interactions influence bothpredators and prey?
How are plants protected from herbivores?
How does symbiosis work?
What are examples of all these relationship?
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1) Predator-Prey Interactions
Predationis the act of one organism killinganother for food.
The predator is often bigger or more powerfulthan the prey (not always)
The prey population is larger than the predatorpopulation
The predator population usually follows the prey
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Predator-Prey Interactions, cont.
See Visual Concept 60350: PREDATION
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2) Herbivory
Herbivores are animals that eat plants.
Unlike predators, herbivores do not often kill the plants.But plants do try to defend themselves.
Plants defend themselves from herbivores with thornsand spines or with bad tasting chemical compounds.These chemical compounds may even cause sicknessor death.
See Visual Concept 60352: HERBIVORY
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3) Other Interactions: Symbiosis
Not all interactions between organisms result in awinner and a loser.
Symbiosis is a relationship in which two species live in
close association with each other. One species benefits,and the other might or might not.
Three types of symbiosis:
1) Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism
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Parasitism
In parasitism, a parasite feeds on another organismcalled a host.
The host is almost always larger than the parasite, and is
usually harmed but not intentionally killed.
Parasites often live on or in their host. Therefore, theparasite depends on its host not only for food but for aplace to live as well.
Examples: fleas, tapeworms, mosquitoes, ticks, leeches
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Parasites, continued
Hosts try to keep parasites from infecting them. Hostscan defend themselves with their immune systems orbehaviors such as scratching.
In response, parasites may evolve ways to overcome thehosts defenses (immunity to drugs, for example)
See Protists and Humans (p.507-509) for more onparasites and disease.
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QuickTime and a
mpeg4 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Symbiosis, continued
A relationship between two species in which both
species benefit is called mutualism.
Cleaner fish & larger fish; sea anenome & clown fish
bees & flowers, fungi & algae
In commensalism, two species have a relationship in
which one species Is helped, but the other is neutral..
Orchids growing on forest trees to reach the sun
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Summary of Symbiosis
QuickTime and ampeg4 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Summary
1. Predators kill prey for food; populations are related
3. Herbivores eat plants, but plants can defend throughthorns, taste, or toxins
5. Symbiosis is close connection between two species; atleast one benefits
Relationship Species A Species BParasitism Helps Hurts
Mutualism Helps HelpsCommensalism Helps Neutral
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Vocabulary List
Predation (predator, prey)
Herbivory
Symbiosis
Parasitism (parasite, host)
Mutualism
Commensalism