Ch 5 Sec 1Dawn of the Industrial Age

Define “Revolution” - __________________________Play “revolution by John Lennon

Definition -a sudden, radical, or complete change

During the late 1700s social revolutions occurred in the United States and in France.

During the 1800s, from 1750-1850, a different type of revolution occurred in Britain.

http://www.history.com/videos/the-industrial-revolition#the-industrial-revolitionShow as a intro to IR

You say you want a revolutionWell you knowWe'd all want to change the worldYou tell me that it's evolutionWell you knowWe'd all want to change the worldBut when you talk about destructionDon't you know that you can count me outDon't you know it's gonna be alright [x3]

You say you got a real solutionWell you knowWe'd all want to see the planYou ask me for a contributionWell you know We're all doing what we canBut if you want money for people withminds that hateAll I can tell you is brother you'll have to

wait

Don't you know it's gonna be alright [x4] You say you'll change the constitutionWell you know We'd all love to change yourheadYou tell me it's the institutionWell you knowYou better free your mind insteadBut if you go carrying pictures of ChairmanMao You ain't going to make it with anyoneAnyhowDon't you know know it's gonna be alright

In general Life in the Europe during the 1750s

• People lived on small cottages• Used hand made tools for farming

• Used candles and fireplaces• Made their own clothes

• Grew their own food• Stayed within their own communities

• Had to walk everywhere or use horse drawn wagons

Don’t need to write down

Life Changes as Industry Spreads

• In the mid-1700s, production of food & goods began to be made easier by complex machines.

• This process of industrialization was slow at first, but eventually led to the growth of cities and the end of a rural way of life.

Agriculture Spurs Industry• The Industrial Revolution began with

improvements in farming.

• Rich landowners began to enclose large farms, and farm laborers were pushed out of work.

• Populations in Europe soared because of the food surplus and improved sanitation and medical care.

• Site examples from pg 171- (2-3)_______________

I. Agricultural Revolution 1st

A. Farming methods improved1. Create better soil; seed drill2. Crop rotation

a. switch crops each yearB. Enclosures

a. large farms closed in to create smaller farms

Write all this

How many people were there?

How did people get around?(don’t write, just read)

‘We set out at six in the morning and didn’t get out of the carriages (except when we overturned or got stuck in the

mud) for 14 hours. We had nothing to eat and passed through some of the worst roads I ever saw in my life’

This is a description of a

journey by Queen Anne in

1704 from Windsor to

Petworth – a journey of 40 miles. What

does it tell us about transport

at the time?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Edinburgh Exeter Brighton

CoachTrain

Journey times from London (in hours)

How did people make money?(don’t write)

• 8 out of 10 worked in countryside• Subsistence farming• Cottage industries - factories rarely

employed more than 50 people• Handmade – buttons, needles, cloth,

bricks, pottery, bread etc.• Developing towns – Liverpool,

Birmingham, Glasgow

How many objects do you have about you or can you see

in the room that are handmade?

Welsh spinsters

Inventions• Eli Whitney – Cotton gin

• Elias Howe – Sewing Machine

• Robert Fulton – Steam Boat

• Francis Cabot Lowell and Samuel Slater – Assembly lines and factories

Show Ford assembly line cliphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWjTWlHnYfE&list=PLG41HV5r0aEKYd6yd6R6GUSb2ksZJnwix&index=15&feature=plpp_video

The Enclosur

e Moveme

ntThe

geographic advantage for England was that it had many

natural harbors (BM ?)

How many cities are located on a harbor?

Who lost their land?Where did they go?

What would you do if the government

passed a law forcing you off your land?

Yorkshire Dales National Park, in Yorkshire, England.

“Enclosed” Lands Today

Positive and Negative effects of Enclosures:

• POSITIVE– Increase food supply– Increased profits because farmers didn’t need as many

workers (land was smaller)– Produced more food w/ less workers (BM ?)

Write the above

• NEGATIVE– Many farmers lost their jobs (land was smaller)– Many moved from the country to cities in search of jobs

Causes of the Industrial

Revolution

Agricultural revolutionFarming methods____Enclosed land ____ farm out putFood surplus leads to _______

Growing Labor forceJobless farmworkers migrate to ________

New TechnologiesNew sources of energy such as ___ & ____ emergeThe quality of ____ improves

Industrial Revolution Happens

Use pages 170-173 & notes to fill in the blanks

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

Agricultural revolutionFarming methods improveEnclosed land raises farm out putFood surplus leads to population increase

Growing Labor forceJobless farmworkers migrate to cities

New TechnologiesNew sources of energy such as steam& coal emergeThe quality of iron improves

Industrial Revolution Happens

1. Improved2. Raises3. Population increased4. Cities5. Steam & coal or vise versa 6. Iron

New Technology Becomes Key

• In the 1700s, new sources of energy were developed.

• Coal powered the steam engine, which, in turn, powered everything from trains to ships.

• The intense heat of coal also allowed for improved iron production, which further benefited the new railroad industry. Advantage of RR over a canal is that it didn’t have to follow the rivers (BM?) http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=aO3AW0JAHmU&list=PLG41HV5r0aEKYd6yd6R6GUSb2ksZJnwix&index=2&feature=plpp_video

I. James Watt’s Steam EngineA. Steam: better

source of power

B. Units of Power named in his honor

1. watts

How did Watt improve the steam engine?

Created a more efficient steam engine (BM? )

A steam engine built to James Watt's patent in 1848 at Freiberg Germany

INDUSTRIALIZATION:Factory/machine made goods

Predict:Positives ?Negatives ?

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12325-the-industrial-revolution-machines-and-factories-video.htm

http://www.history.com/videos/the-industrial-revolition#the-industrial-revolition

Factory Productiono Concentrates production in one place

[materials, labor]

o Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets]

o Requires a lot of capital investment[factory, machines, etc.] more than skilled labor.

o Only 10% of English industry in 1850.

Factory System

× Rigid schedule.× 12-14 hour day.× Dangerous conditions.× Mind-numbing monotony.

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12326-the-industrial-revolution-factory-work-video.htm

Why England 1st?A. Economics

1. New Markets in “New World” brings in $2. Businesses invest in machinery3. Banks offer loans to merchants who invest in new industries

B. Geography1. Natural Harbors (BM?) advantage for England, rivers

a. make TRANSPORTATION easy2. Natural resources

a. Coal and iron

Early Canals

Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

Metals, Woolens, & Canals

RR’s didn’t have to follow the course of a river so it was an improvement over aCanal (BM ?)

Mine & Forge [1840-1880] More powerful than water is

coal.

More powerful than wood is iron.

Innovations make steel feasible. “Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.” “Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel. Bessemer process [1856] – strong, flexible

steel. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dypdoLm4Rn8&list=PLG41HV5r0aEKYd6yd6R6GUSb2ksZJnwix&index=4&feature=plpp_video)

http://www.history.com/videos/the-industrial-revolition#history-of-the-holidays-the-story-of-labor-day

Coalfields &

Industrial Areas

1800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners

1850 30 tons 200, 000 miners

1880 300 million tons 500, 000 miners

1914 250 million tons 1, 200, 000 miners

Coal Mining in Britain:

1800-1914

Entrepreneurs set up factories not in the traditional population centers such as London, but out of town, close to water power and coal fields and with easy access to markets.

West-Central England AKA“Black Country”

Due to smoke clouds from factories burning coal and smelting iron

''Dudley"', c 1832', by J. M. W. Turner"Staffordshire and Warwickshire Past and Present" by John Alfred Langford (1872).

Industrial Staffordshire

Why England industrializes 1st Continued….C. Population growth1. Result of agricultural revolution (main reason):

TRIPLE POPULATION in Britain (BM ?)2. Demand for goods (customers)3. More workers4. Growing Middle Class ($)