Ch 3-1

Early English Settlements

Colonial America and The Lost Colony

Roanoke Island (Lost Colony)

Sir Walter Raleigh asked Queen Elizabeth of England if he could lead a group of people to begin a colony in the USA.

Queen Elizabeth gave Raleigh a charter (a document that allowed colonists to live on land owned by their country.)

Roanoke Island (1st Time)In 1585, Raleigh sent

100 men to settle Roanoke

It failed due to bad winter which led to hunger and also to bad relations with the Native Americans.

All but 15 men went back to England on a ship.

Roanoke Island (2nd Time)In 1587, Raleigh

sent colonists a second time, 91 men, 17 women and 9 children

The 15 men that had stayed behind the 1st time had been killed by then.

John White, a map maker led the group.

Upon arrival White found only a skeleton to show where the former settlement had been.

Indian Village

White drew pictures of what he saw describing the village of the Native Americans as “small and few…contain but ten or twelve houses.”

Ending the Good Relations with the Native Americans

Because of the 15 men that had been killed by Native Americans, John White decided that they should pay the Native Americans back. He ordered his men to attack the Powhatans since supposedly, they were the ones who had killed the 15 men. However, they instead attacked the Croatoans, Native Americans who had been their friends and helped them. After the battle, the Croatoans were enemies. This forced John White to have to go back to England for more food and supplies and also recruit more people.

The Lost ColonyIt took John White

three years to return and when he did he did not find any colonists on Roanoke Island.

The only clue was CROATOAN carved on the gate post.

They were never seen again!

Wealth

Power

Expanding their Empire.

A body of people living in a new territory but still having ties with their mother country

What is a Colony?

A charter gave the right to organize settlements in areas

*These merchants formed companies to finance expedition to America

Began in 1606, sought by merchants, granted by Queen

Joint Stock CompanyInvestors buy stocks (part ownerships of a company) in return for a share of its future profits

Virginia Company of London1st to receive a charter

In 1606 sent 144 settlers and 3 ships to build a new colony

They wanted to make money

Are investors that are venturing (risking)

their capital (money)

to make profit (more money) ex: gold, fur, fish, lumber

**but they should have been growing food!!!

Adventurers

Jamestown 16071st successful English colony

named after King

In April of 1607, the ships enteredthe Chesapeake Bay and then sailed up a river flowing into the bay. The colonist named it James and their new settlement Jamestown to honor their King.

When the settlers chose the location in 1607, Jamestown was located on a narrow peninsula bordered on three sides by the James River.

the James River

the peninsula

Today, Jamestown is located on an island in the James River.

This is an aerial view of part of Jamestown fort.

Why did the settlers choose the site at Jamestown?

This is one of the very first maps of Virginia. Can you find the Chesapeake Bay?

The location could be easily defended from attack by sea. The English feared a sea attack by the Spanish.

Draw Backs

Swampy land

Mosquitoes that carried disease

Lack of good farmland

What were they doing?

CAUSENot accustomed to

hard laborInvestors expected a

quick profit They were searching

for gold and silver

EFFECTDisease HungerOnly 38 settlers

remained alive

Pocahontas &the Powhatans

Sent to revitalize and govern Jamestown

Forced the settlers to work

“ if any would not work…neither should he eat.”

Got food from the local Natives- Powhatan Indians

Captain John Smith

How did Captain Smith do that?

It really wasn’t him…..Indian Princess Pocahontas,

befriended Smith and saved his life when the Powhatan Indians captured him. They were able to keep peace betweenIndians and colonists.

Pocahontas, daughter of Chief

Powhatan, believed the English and

American Indians (First Americans)

could live in harmony.

different portraits of PocahontasMarried John Rolfe

John RolfeLearned to grow tobacco ( first cash crop)

using seeds from the West Indies and introduced it to Jamestown

The Powhatan people and the English settlers at Jamestown established trading relationships and for a while had positive interactions.

1600s drawing of a Powhatan village

The Powhatans traded food, furs, and leather with the English in exchange for tools, pots, guns, and other goods.

Powhatan shelter and cooking fire at Jamestown

Virginia's Gold& Beginning of Self Government

What was Virginia’s GOLD?

Tobacco

The Virginia Company started to export (ship out)

Seal of the

Virginia Company

the cash crop (crops raised to be sold for $$).

Nearly all of Jamestown's settlers were men. They worked for Virginia Company and lived under strict rules. As the colony grew they started to complain about taking orders.

Beginning of Self Government

The complaints of the workers led to the first representative legislative assembly

House of Burgesses“burger”-old English term meaning free citizen

It dealt with local matters Served as a place to protest against policies

“WhataBurger” –build your Burger that represents you!!

July 30, 1619 the House of Burgesses met for the first time in this church

Also, in 1619, twenty Africans arrived in Jamestown against their will. They were sold to Virginia planters to labor in the tobacco fields. In the beginning, they arrived as indentured servants (a person who exchanges 5 to 7 years of servitude for a passage to America).

The English also introduced the institution of slavery in Virginia. It lasted a long time because of the tobacco industry.

slave a person who was bought and sold as property and forced to work

In 1620, the Virginia Company of London sent a ship with 90 young women to Jamestown. A man who wanted to marry one of these women, had to pay 120 pounds of tobacco to the ship’s captain for her trip to Jamestown.