CH. 22 SECTION 2CH. 22 SECTION 2

THE EASTERN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEANMEDITERRANEAN

THREE WORLDRELIGIONSCLAIM THIS

REGIONAS THEIR HOLY

LAND:

JUDAISMCHRISTIANITY

ISLAM

JEWS AND ARABSJEWS AND ARABS

THIS HISTORY OF THIS HISTORY OF THIS AREA IS THIS AREA IS

ROOTED IN THE ROOTED IN THE CONFLICTS CONFLICTS

BETWEEN LAND BETWEEN LAND CLAIMS OF THE CLAIMS OF THE

JEWS AND JEWS AND MUSLIMSMUSLIMS

JERUSALEMJERUSALEM

THE MUSLIMS BELIEVE THAT MUHAMMED ROSE INTOHEAVEN ON THE SITE OF THE DOME OF THE ROCK.

What is the Jews’ claim to Jerusalem?

HOW WAS THE STATE OF HOW WAS THE STATE OF ISRAEL FORMED?ISRAEL FORMED?

DURING WORLD WAR I,BRITAIN ENLISTED

THE SUPPORT OF THEARABS TO FIGHT

GERMANYAND THE OTTOMAN

TURKSIN THE DESERT

IN RETURN,THE ARABS

WERE ASSUREDTHAT THEY

WOULDBE REWARDED

WITH A HOMELAND

1914-1917

BEFOREBEFOREWORLD WORLD

WAR IWAR ITHE OTTOMAN THE OTTOMAN

TURKSTURKSCONTROLLED CONTROLLED

THE LANDTHE LAND

TIME LINETIME LINE

AFTER WORLD WARI, THE TURKS LOST

AND HAD TO GIVE UPTHE LAND TO

ENGLAND, FRANCE,US, AND RUSSIA

1922

ENGLAND ANDFRANCE

CONTROLLEDTHE EASTERN

MEDITERRANEAN

LOOK AT THE MAP ON PAGE 512WHICH EUROPEAN COUNTRIES CONTROLLED

WHICH COUNTRIES HERE?

PALESTINE?_____________TRANSJORDAN?__________

SYRIA?________________LEBANON?__________________

ARABS IN THEFRENCH-

CONTROLLEDLANDS

REBELLED

1930s

What about Palestine?What about Palestine?The British strictly controlled the The British strictly controlled the region around Jerusalem, called region around Jerusalem, called PalestinePalestine..

Slowly, Jews emigrated here and Slowly, Jews emigrated here and formed a new movement called formed a new movement called ZIONISM.ZIONISM.

What were the goals of Zionism?What were the goals of Zionism?– To create a Jewish homeland in To create a Jewish homeland in

PalestinePalestine– To reclaim the lands that they To reclaim the lands that they

believed were given them by believed were given them by

God in the TorahGod in the Torah

What happened to the Britain’s What happened to the Britain’s promise to the Arabs?promise to the Arabs?

AFTER WORLD WAR II, IN 1945, AFTER WORLD WAR II, IN 1945, THE HORRORS OF THE THE HORRORS OF THE

HOLOCAUST BECAME PUBLICHOLOCAUST BECAME PUBLICBECAUSE OF THE BECAUSE OF THE

STRUGGLES OF THE JEWS IN STRUGGLES OF THE JEWS IN EUROPE, THE UNITED EUROPE, THE UNITED

NATIONS AGREED TO FORM NATIONS AGREED TO FORM THE NATION OF ISRAEL IN THE NATION OF ISRAEL IN

PALESTINE IN PALESTINE IN 19481948THE ARABS REFUSED TO THE ARABS REFUSED TO

SHARE THE LAND WITH THE SHARE THE LAND WITH THE JEWS AND REJECTED THE JEWS AND REJECTED THE EXISTENCE OF THE NEW EXISTENCE OF THE NEW

COUNTRY OF ISRAEL.COUNTRY OF ISRAEL.

Palestinian Liberation OrganizationPalestinian Liberation Organization(PLO_(PLO_

FORMED IN THE 1960s, THE P.L.O. PURSUED POLITICAL,MILITARY, AND TERRORIST MEANS TO REGAIN THE LANDSTHAT WERE TAKEN FROM THEM TO FORM THE NATION OF

ISRAEL.OVER THE YEARS, THE P.L.O. HAS SIGNED PEACE TREATIES

WITH ISRAEL, BUT MANY OF THE ARABS REMAIN AS REFUGEES.

CIVIL WARSCIVIL WARS

LEBANON AND CYPRUS HAVE LEBANON AND CYPRUS HAVE EXPERIENCED CIVIL WARS.EXPERIENCED CIVIL WARS.

IN 1982, ISRAEL ENTERED LEBANON IN 1982, ISRAEL ENTERED LEBANON AND TOOK CONTROL OF LAND AND TOOK CONTROL OF LAND

THERE UNTIL 2000.THERE UNTIL 2000.JORDAN IS A MONARCHY, BUT IS JORDAN IS A MONARCHY, BUT IS

THE POOREST NATION IN THE THE POOREST NATION IN THE REGION AND HAS THE LARGEST REGION AND HAS THE LARGEST

PALESTINIAN POPULATION, MANY PALESTINIAN POPULATION, MANY IN REFUGEE CAMPS.IN REFUGEE CAMPS.

MODERN LIFEMODERN LIFE

CLIMATE IN THE REGION IS MILDCLIMATE IN THE REGION IS MILD

CITRUS AND OTHER CROPS ARE CITRUS AND OTHER CROPS ARE GROWN WITH IRRIGATION SYSTEMSGROWN WITH IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

BECAUSE OF CONFLICTS, SOME ROADS BECAUSE OF CONFLICTS, SOME ROADS AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS MUST AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS MUST

BE REBUILTBE REBUILT

DAILY LIFE IN THE REGION INCLUDES MOST MEALS DAILY LIFE IN THE REGION INCLUDES MOST MEALS EATEN AT HOMEEATEN AT HOMETEA AND COFFEE ARE SERVEDTEA AND COFFEE ARE SERVEDDINNER IS EATEN LATE, SOMETIMES AROUND 10 DINNER IS EATEN LATE, SOMETIMES AROUND 10 OR 11 P.M.OR 11 P.M.THE HOST OF A DINNER DOES NOT EAT WITH THE THE HOST OF A DINNER DOES NOT EAT WITH THE GUESTS, SO THAT HE CAN BETTER SERVE THEM GUESTS, SO THAT HE CAN BETTER SERVE THEM DURING THE MEALDURING THE MEAL

LOOK AT THE TOP OF PAGE 514WHAT IS DIFFERENT ABOUT

THE ISRAELI ARMY FROM THEU.S. ARMY?

OTHER ETHNIC GROUPSOTHER ETHNIC GROUPS

BESIDES MUSLIMS AND BESIDES MUSLIMS AND JEWS, CHRISTIANS LIVE JEWS, CHRISTIANS LIVE

HEREHEREA PRIVATE SECT CALLED A PRIVATE SECT CALLED

THE THE DRUZEDRUZE LIVE IN ISRAEL LIVE IN ISRAEL AND SYRIAAND SYRIA

THE THE CHRISTIAN MARONITESCHRISTIAN MARONITES WHO FOLLOW ORTHODXY WHO FOLLOW ORTHODXY

CHRISTIANITY LIVE IN CHRISTIANITY LIVE IN LEBANONLEBANON

BEDOUINSBEDOUINS ARE ARABS WHO ARE ARABS WHO PREFER TO REMAIN AS PREFER TO REMAIN AS

NOMADS IN THE DESERTS NOMADS IN THE DESERTS OF THE REGIONOF THE REGION